Chng III

C QUAN DINH DNG

(Thn cy)
Trn Th Thanh Hng
Khoa Khoa hc

THN CY

L b phn ca cy ni lin gia l v r

Chc nng ca thn:

Nng
Vn chuyn nha nguyn v nha luyn
Tng cng b mt ng ho
Ngoi ra cn lm nhim v quang hp v sinh

sn dinh dng

Hnh thi thn

Cc b phn ca thn

Cc loi chi

Cc dng thn

Cc loi thn trong khng gian

Bin dng ca thn

Cc b phn ca thn
Hoa
Chi ngn

Mu
Lng
Chi nch
Chi ca cnh

Nch l

H thn

Cnh

Cung l
Phin l

Thn chnh

Gc thn

R chnh
R bn

H r

Cc b phn ca thn
Thn chnh: thng c dng hnh tr, c

th phn nhnh hoc khng, mang l v chi

Cnh: l nhng nhnh bn ca thn chnh
Mu: l ni l nh vo thn hoc cnh
Nch l: gc to bi thn hoc cnh vi
cung l
Lng (Ging): khong cch gia 2 mu
gn nhau nht
Gc thn: ranh gii gia thn v r

Cc loi chi

Chi ngn (chi tn cng): Nm u tn cng ca

ngn thn hay cnh, trong chi ngn c m phn sinh ngn
Chi nch (chi bn): Nm cc nch l, cu to ging
nh chi ngn, s to ra cnh hay hoa
Chi ng: l chi nch trng thi ngh nhiu nm khng
thi hn.
Chi ng: cc vng n i, cc chi ngn v chi
nch trng thi ngh ko di trong my thng lnh gi l
chi ng.
Chi ph: C th mc t nhiu v tr v c quan khc
nhau ca cy. V d: Trn thn chnh, trn cnh, trn cc
mu (tre, ma, la), trn cc r cy (xoan, hng), trn
l cy (thuc bng)

Cc dng thn
Thn

g: l thn ca nhng cy sng lu nm,

c cu to cp 2 rt pht trin, thn chnh

pht trin mnh v ch phn cnh t mt
chiu cao nht nh

Cy g nh: cao t 5-15m . V d: Cy bi,

i...
Cy g va hay trung bnh: cao 15-25m. V
d: D, Ngc lan...
Cy g ln: cao trn 25m . V d: Ch ch,
Lim...

Cc dng thn
Thn

bi: cy g sng nhiu nm, c cu

to cp 2, thn chnh km pht trin, c s

phn cnh bt u t gc ca thn chnh.
V d: Sim, Mua...

Thn

na bi: cy sng nhiu nm, c

thn ha g mt phn phn gn gc,

phn ngn khng ha g v cht i vo cui
thi k dinh dng.
V d: C lo, Da di...

Cc dng thn

Thn tho (Thn c): Phn thn trn mt t

cht vo cui thi k ra hoa kt qu.

tho 1 nm: bt u v kt thc i sng

ca n trong vng mt nm. V d: La, ng, lc,...

Thn

tho 2 nm: nm u pht trin c quan sinh

dng, nm sau cho ra c quan sinh sn. V d:
cy c rt

Thn

tho nhiu nm: Cy c thn ngm pht

trin di t sng nhiu nm. V d: C tranh,
c may,...

Thn

Cc loi thn trong khng gian

Thn ng: Thn mc thng ng.

Hu ht cc cy thn g v mt phn cy thn c
thuc loi ny

Thn b: Cy khng cng rn ng

thng m phi b lan st mt t.
V d: du ty, rau m, khoai lang

Cc loi thn trong khng gian

Thn leo (dy leo): Cy khng kh nng mc
ng mt mnh, phi da vo cc cy khc hoc da vo
gin
Leo nh thn qun V d: Bm bm, mng ti
Leo nh tua cun V d: Bu, B
Leo nh gai mc V d: Cy my
Leo nh r bm V d: Tru khng, h tiu

Bin dng ca thn

Cnh hnh l: Cnh bin

i thnh l trn c mang
nhng l nh hnh vy.
V d: Cy qunh

Gi thn: thn dy ln, chi

ngn b tiu gim ch mang
mt n hai l pht trin
bnh thng, t chi nch
s pht trin thnh gi mi
V d: Cy lan

Bin dng ca thn

Thn c

Thn c trn mt t
(V d: Su ho) c do
thn bin i thnh

Thn c di mt t

(V d: c khoai ty) c
do cnh nm di t
bin i thnh

Bin dng ca thn

Thn r: l loi thn

ngm di t m b
ngoi trng ging nh
r cha cht d tr.
V d: C tranh, Gng,
Chui...

Thn hnh: l loi chi

ngm di t, rt ngn
thng c dng dt,
hnh qu l, hnh cu
dp. V d: Hnh ty

Thn
hnh

Bin dng ca thn

Thn mng nc:

Thng gp nhng loi
sng cc ni kh hn,
thn thng dy ln cha
nhiu nc v dip lc
V d: Thn cy cc loi
xng rng, cnh giao

CU TO GII PHU CA THN

Thn v cnh u c cu to ging nhau, u c i
xng qua mt trc
Bao gm:

Cu to s cp (cu to cp 1)
Thn cy ht trn v thn cy 2 l mm
Thn cy 1 l mm

Cu to th cp (cu to cp 2)
Thn cy ht trn v thn cy 2 l mm

Thn cy ht trn v thn cy 2 l

mm s cp (cp 1)
Cu to gm 2 phn:
V

mng

Tr

gia dy

Thn cy ht trn v thn cy 2 l

mm s cp (cp 1)
V

Kh khng
Biu b
Hu m
Nhu m v

TR GIA

Tng sinh
bt
Tr b
B libe
Tng tng L-G
B g

B
mch

Nhu m rut

S cu to
thn cy 2 l mm s cp

Thn cy 2 l mm s cp (cp 1)
Phn v

Biu b: thng gm mt lp t bo sng khng cha lc

lp, c t kh khng, mt ngoi thng c ph mt lp
cutin hoc c lng hoc c gai
Hu m: ngay di lp biu b gm cc t bo sng c
vch dy ln khng u, lm thnh mt vng lin tc hoc
tp trung cc kha
Nhu m v: nm pha trong hu m, gm vi lp t bo
sng, cha lc lp thn non, cnh non
Tng sinh bt: tng ng vi ni b ca r cy. Cu
to bi mt lp t bo sng cha nhiu tinh bt

Thn cy 2 l mm s cp (cp
1)
Tr gia

Tr b: gm mt hoc mt s lp t bo, xp xen k

vi tng sinh bt
B mch h gm:
B g

v b libe xp chng cht

g v b libe xp chng cht kp (V d: H

khoai lang, bu b)

Xp thnh 1 vng, c th 2 vng

B g

(V d: B ng)

phn ha li tm

Nhu m rut: rt nhiu, cha cht d tr bn trong,

c m tit nh t bo tit, ng tit, ng nha m

Thn cy 2 l mm s cp (cp
1)
Hu m
Nhu m v
Tng sinh bt
Tr b
B libe
Tng tng libe
g
B g

Cu to mt phn thn cy 2 l mm cp
1

Thn cy 1 l mm
Khng phn bit v v tr gia
Chia lm 3 loi thn:

Thn c

Thn r

Thn ngm

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)
Kh khng
Biu b
Cng m
Nhu m

S cu to
thn cy 1 l mm
(Thn c)

B libe
B mch
B g

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)

Biu b: gm 1 lp t bo sng, c t kh khng. Mng ngoi

ca biu b c th nhim silic, cutin hay lp sp
Cng m: ngay di biu b, lm thnh mt vng (ma,...)
hay bao quanh b mch
Nhu m: cc lp nhu m pha ngoi cha lc lp, nhu m pha
trong cha cht d tr
B mch: kn, gm b g v b libe xp chng cht, libe
ngoi, g trong, libe phn ha hng tm, g phn ha li tm.
Cc b mch xp thnh nhiu vng: cc vng ngoi b
mch nh, nhiu, vng cng m dy, cng vo tm s lng
b mch t v to, vng cng m mng.

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)
Biu b
Nhu m
Cng m

Nhu m

B mch

Cu to mt phn thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)

So snh thn cy 2 l mm
v thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)
V

Kh khng
Biu b
Hu m
Nhu m v
Tng sinh bt

TG

Tr b
B libe
Tng tng LG
B g

Nhu m rut

Kh
khng
Biu b
Cng m
Nhu m
B libe
B g

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn r)
Biu b
Cng
m

Rng

B libe
B g
Nhu m

S cu to
thn cy 1 l mm
(Thn r)

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)

Biu b: gm mt lp t bo sng, c t kh khng.

Mng ngoi ca biu b c th nhim silic, cutin
hay lp sp
Cng m: ngay di biu b lm thnh mt vng
rt pht trin hoc bao quanh cc b mch
Nhu m: xen gia vng cng m, cha lc lp
lm cho thn non c mu xanh
B mch: xp thnh 2 vng, vng ngoi gm
nhng b mch nh xp trong lp cng m, vng
trong gm cc b ln hn nm su trong thn

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)

Cu to mt phn
thn cy 1 l mm
(Thn r)

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn ngm)

Biu b
V

Cng m
Nhu m v
Ni b

TR GIA

Tr b
B libe

S cu to
thn cy 1 l mm
(Thn ngm)

B g
V

Nhu m rut

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn ngm)

Chia lm 2 phn

V (dy)
Biu

b: gm mt lp t bo sng, khi thn

gi th lp t bo ny ngm cht bn

Cng

m: st biu b v quanh b mch

Nhu

m v: dy, gm nhiu lp t bo sng

N i

b: l mt lp t bo sng c khung

sube

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn ngm)

Tr gia

(nh)

Tr

b: gm vi lp t bo sng xp xen k
vi lp ni b
mch: kn, xp ng tm, libe trong,
g bao ngoi. B mch xp ln xn

Nhu

m rut: t

Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn ngm)

Cu to mang c im ca thn cy mt l mm v
r cy mt l mm

c im ca r cy 1 l mm
Chia lm 2 phn: v dy, tr gia nh
Ni b c khung sube

c im ca thn cy 1 l mm
M c l cng m
B mch nhiu vng
B mch kn
C biu b

Cu to th cp
Ch c ngnh ht trn v lp 2 l mm
ca ngnh ht kn
Do s hot ng ca m phn sinh th
cp gm:
Tng

sinh bn

Tng

tng libe g

Cu to th cp
Bn
Tng sinh bn
Lc b
Nhu m v + hu
Si tr b
m
Si libe 2
Libe 2
Tng tng libe
g
G 2
G 1
Tia rut
Nhu m rut

S cu to
thn cy 2 l mm
th cp

Tng sinh bn

Hot ng cho ra bn ngoi l bn, bn trong

l lc b
t bo bn, tng sinh bn, lc b xp xuyn
tm. 3 lp t bo ny hp li thnh chu b

Cc

Nhiu

lp chu b hp thnh th b (gp cy rt

gi)
C quan trao i kh v thot hi nc l b khng

Bn
Chu
b

Tng sinh bn
Nhu b

Th
b

Tng tng libe g

Hot ng cho ra libe 2 bn ngoi v g 2 bn
trong
Libe 2: hay v cp 2, gm cc loi m sau:

M dn: mch ry v t bo km

M d tr: nhu m libe, tia libe

M c: si libe 2, si tr b

M tit: c th c ng nha m, ng
tit

Tng tng libe g

G 2: nm pha ngoi g 1, gm cc loi

m sau:
M

dn: mch g

d tr: nhu m g, tia g

c: si g, cy ht trn khng c
si g

Cu to th cp
Bn v tng sinh bn
Nhu m v + Hu m
Si tr b + Si libe 2
Tia rut
Libe 2
Tng tng libe g
G 2
G 1
Nhu m rut

Cu to mt phn thn cy 2 l mm th cp

G dc v g rng
cc cy g trng thnh, g thng chia
lm 2 min: min ngoi gi l g dc, min
trong gi l g rng (g li)

Mt on thn cy g gi b ca ngang
1. V cy; 2. G dc; 3. G rng

G dc v g rng
G dc: st vi tng tng l phn g sng,
mm, c mu nht, mch g cn dn nha,
nhu m g cha nhiu cht d tr nn d b
mi mt, khng c gi tr kinh t
G rng: g trung tm ca thn, l phn g
cht, cc mch g khng cn dn nha v b
tc, cc nhu m g cha nhiu cht du, tanin
nn c mu sm v rn chc, t b mi mt, c
gi tr kinh t cao