MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY

FINAL EXAMINATION
SAMPLEX
PART II CVS
Prepared by: Mary 08AM
March 2009

COVERAGE:
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Cell 5
Nerve 5
Muscle 5
Blood 10
Autonomics 10
CVS 30
Respi 30
GIT 30

Note: this is a compilation of finals samplex, it will be

divided to parts according to the coverage. *^-^*

CVS

WHICH ONE OF THE FOLLOWING PARAMETERS IS MOST

SIMILAR IN THE PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC
CIRCULATION?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Vascular resistance
Stroke volume
Afterload
Blood flow

Answer: B

IS NOT A CHARACTERISTIC OF MYOCARDIAL CELLS:

A. Can undergo sustained contraction
B. Has intercalated discs
C. Can regulate its own force of contraction
D. Utilizes both intracellular and extracellular calcium for
contraction
Answer: A

AN EMBOLUS WAS LODGED IN THE PULMONARY ARTERY.

THIS STATEMENT IS TRUE
a.
b.
c.
d.

It must have come from the left ventricle

It increases the workload on the right and left ventricle
Interrupts the transmission of the impulse at the AVNode
It deceases pulmonary perfusion

Answer: B

THE FOLLOWING INDUCES POSITIVE INOTROPIC EFFECT ON

THE MYOCARDIUM EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Stretch on the fiber

Adrenalin
Acetylcholine
Increases heart rate

Answer: C

THE VOLUME OF BLOOD THAT DETERMINES THE LENGTH

OF THE MUSCLE CONTRACTION IS:
A. Stroke volume
B. End diastolic volume
C. End systolic volume
D. Afterload
Answer: B

THE SIZE OF THE VENTRICULAR CHAMBER JUST BEFORE

CONTRACTION IS DETERMINED BY:
a.
b.
c.
d.

End systolic volume

Stroke volume
End diastolic volume
Afterload

Answer: C

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING EVENTS OCCUR AT THE END

OF ISOVOLUMETRIC RELAXATION?
A. Closure of AV valves
B. Opening of AV valves
C. Opening of semilunar valves
D. Closure of semilunar valves
Answer: C

TRUE OF THE SECOND HEART SOUND

a.
b.
c.
d.

Atrial systole
Ventricular filling
Opening of the AV valves
Due to closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves

Answer: D

S2 (SECOND HEART SOUND) COINCIDES WITH THE

CLOSURE OF THE:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Tricuspid and mitral valve

Aortic and pulmonic valve
Mitral and aortic valve
Pulmonic and mitral valve

Answer: B

MAXIMUM PERCENTAGE THAT CARDIAC OUTPUT CAN

INCREASE ABOVE NORMAL IS KNOWN AS:
A. Cardiac output
B. Cardiac reserve
C. Cardiac index
D. Cardiac cycle

Answer: B

IN ORDER FOR THE HEART TO FUNCTION AS A PUMP, THE

MYOCARDIAL CELLS HAVE TO DEPOLARIZE ALMOST AT THE
SAME TIME. THE FAST SPREAD OF THE IMPULSE IS MADE
POSSIBLE BY:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Intercalated disc/ tight gap junctions

The branching of myocardial branches
Both
neither

Answer: C

A SECOND STIMULUS IN VERY CLOSE SUCCESSION MAYBE

NOT ABLE TO ELICIT ANOTHER MYOCARDIAL
CONTRACTION:
a.
b.

c.
d.

Some myocardial cells are automatic

The duration of the action potential (period of refractoriness)
is very long
Resting membrane potential are unstable
The main source of calcium is the extracellular fluid
compartment

Answer: B

IN THE CONDUCTING PATHWAY OF THE HEART, WHICH

PART IS MOST COMMON SITE OF HEART BLOCK?
A. AV node
B. Bundle of His
C. Bundle branches
D. Purkinje fibers
Answer: A

THE SA NODE IS THE PRIMARY PACEMAKER, ITS

AUTOMATICITY LIES ON:
A. Phase 0
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 3
D. Phase 4
Answer: D

AT THE MICROCIRCULATION THIS TAKES CARE OF THE NET

ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN THE INTERSTITIAL SPACE:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure

Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Lymphatic drainage
Sodium/Potassium pump

Answer: C

TRUE REGARDING MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION EXCEPT:

a.
b.
c.
d.

All capillaries are perfused even at resting state

Decreases during systole due to increase resistance
Controlled predominantly by autonomics
Regulation is largely influenced by its metabolic state

Answer: C

THIS IS TRUE IF IMPULSE TRANSMISSION THRU THE AV

NODE IS COMPLETELY BLOCKED,
a.
b.
c.
d.

the pacemaker shifts to the purkinje cells

SANode is not longer functional
The ventricle dissociates from the atrium
There will be atrial contraction but not ventricular
contractions

Answer: C

THE FOLLOWING BRINGS ABOUT AN INCREASE IN

CAPILLARY HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE EXCEPT:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Increase venous pressure

Lymphatic obstruction
Arteriolar vasodilation
None of these

Answer: D

INTERSTITIAL FLUID ACCUMULATION OCCURS WHEN THERE

IS INCREASED:
A. Precapillary sphincter tone
B. Plasma colloidal osmotic pressure
C. Lymphatic drainage
D. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Answer: D

THE PARAMETER DECREASES AS THE DISTENSIBILITY OF

THE AORTA DECREASES
A. Vascular resistance
B. Afterload
C. Vascular compliance
D. Systolic pressure
Answer: C

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BEST INDEX FOR

AFTERLOAD:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Pulse pressure
Venous return
Total peripheral resistance
Effective filling pressure

Answer: C

WHAT IS THE MAP (MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE)?

GIVEN: SP= 180MMHG DP=90 MMHG HR= 120/MIN
A. 100 mmHg
B. 120 mmHg
C. 125 mmHg
D. 130 mmHg

Answer: B

ARE KNOWN TO DECREASE VASCULAR RESISTANCE:

A. Adenosine
B. Thromboxane A2
C. Angiotensin II
D. Endothelin
Answer: A

WHEN THE BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN IS COMPROMISED

AS IN INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE, THE REFLEX
RESPONSE IS:
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. No change ..........blood pressure
Answer: A

THESE CHANGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH BARORECEPTOR

REFLEX RESPONSE TO HEMORRHAGE EXCEPT:
A. Decreased rate of firing of carotid sinus neurons
B. Decreased vascular wall stretch
C. Decreased efferent parasympathetic response
D. Decreased vascular tone
Answer: D

THE MOST IMMEDIATE REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE

IS THRU:
a.

b.
c.
d.

Baroreceptors in the arch of aorta and the common

carotids
Shift of fluids in the capillaries
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
The metabolic theory of regulation

Answer: A

THE CENTER OF THE BARORECEPTOR REFLEX IS LOCATED IN

THE:
a.
b.
c.
d.

Cerebrum
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Spinal cord

Answer: B

FOLLOWING RAPID INTRAVENOUS FLUID INFUSION ON A

PATIENT THUS INCREASING THE BLOOD VOLUME ABRUPTLY.

THE HEARTRATE WILL BE REFLEXLY INCREASED. THIS IS

KNOWN AS:
A. Baroreceptor reflex
B. Frank-starlings law
C. Bainbridge reflex
D. Cushings reaction
Answer: C

IF THE LEFT HEART FAILS, VENOUS CONGESTION IS NOTED

IN THE:
A. Liver
B. Neck veins
C. Lungs
D. Lower extremities
Answer: C

THE CORONARY ARTERIES ARE BEST PERFUSED DURING

DIASTOLE BECAUSE:
A. Diastolic pressure is lower than systolic pressure
B. Intramyocardial branches of the coronaries are compressed
during systole
C. Myocardium is utilizing less oxygen at diastole
D. Peripheral vascular resistance is lower at diastole

Answer: B

A IF INCREASE IN ITEM A INCREASES ITEM B

B IF INCREASE IN ITEM A DECREASES ITEM B
IF - INCREASE IN ITEM A DOES NOT AFFECT ITEM B

1.
2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

ITEM A
1.
Plasma Colloidal osmotic
pressure
2.
Serum potassium
Venous pressure
3.
Aortic pressure
4.
Venous capacity
5.
Heart rate
6.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

B
B
C
B
B
A

ITEM B
Interstitial
accumulation
Resting membrane
potential
Capillary osmotic
pressure
Ejection fraction
Venous return
Force of contraction

A IF INCREASE IN ITEM A INCREASES ITEM B

B IF INCREASE IN ITEM A DECREASES ITEM B
IF - INCREASE IN ITEM A DOES NOT AFFECT ITEM B

1.

2.
3.
4.

ITEM A
Arteriolar diameter
End systolic volume
Myocardial calcium
Tissue metabolic rate

1.

2.

3.
4.

1.
2.
3.
4.

C
B
A
A

ITEM B
Plasma colloidal
osmotic pressure
Effective filling
pressure
Stroke volume
Blood flow

CAUSE AND EFFECT:

SHADE A- IF INCREASE IN ITEM A INCREASES ITEM B
SHADE B- IF INCREASE IN ITEM A DECREASES ITEM B
SHADE C- IF INCREASE IN ITEM A DOES NOT AFFECT ITEM B
1. A.) Venous return > B) Cardiac output
2. A) nitric oxide > B) vascular resistance
3. A) calcium conductance > B) inotropic effect
4. A) afterload > B) stroke volume
5. A) parasympathetic stimulation > B) force of ventricular
contraction

1A
2B
3A
4B
5C

A IF INCREASE IN ITEM A INCREASES ITEM B

B IF INCREASE IN ITEM A DECREASES ITEM B
IF - INCREASE IN ITEM A DOES NOT AFFECT ITEM B

1.

2.
3.

ITEM A
1.
Inspiratory effort
2.
Heart rate
Action potential duration 3.

1.
2.
3.

A
C
A

ITEM B
Venous return
Myocardial calcium
concentration
Period of
refractoriness

SHADE
A IF ITEM A IS GREATER/HIGHER THAN ITEM B
B IF ITEM B IS LESSER/LOWER THAN ITEM B
C IF ITEMS A AND B ARE MORE OR LESS EQUAL

Intraventricular pressure:

1.
a.
b.

At isovolumetric contraction
Period of ejection

Coronary blood flow:

2.
a.
b.

At systole
At diastole

ANSWER:
1B
2B

SHADE
A IF ITEM A IS GREATER/HIGHER THAN ITEM B
B IF ITEM B IS LESSER/LOWER THAN ITEM B
C IF ITEMS A AND B ARE MORE OR LESS EQUAL

Stroke Volume

1.
a.

b.

Higher preload
Higher afterload

Resistance of blood flow:

2.
a.

b.

capillaries
arterioles

ANSWER:
1A
2B

REFERENCES
2008 Oct. 1st sem. SY 2008-2009. Finals Exam
2006 Oct. 1st Sem. SY 2006-2007. Finals Exam
2003 Oct. 1st Sem. SY 2003-2009. Finals Exam

SALAMAT PO NG MARAMI!
mary08am.multiply.com

08AM079