Giao Trinh AutoCAD-R

TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TPHCM
TRUNG TM CNG NGH THNG TIN

Gio trnh
LU HNH NI B
TPHCM NM 2009
Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD
Trong chng 1, chng ti mun gii thiu n cc bn sinh

vin cc khi nim v nhng quy c chung khi bt u thit k
mt bn v. ng thi qua chng 1, cc bn cng nm c
nhng khi nim, cng nh nhng thao tc c bn trong khi bc
u s dng chng trnh AutoCAD. C th chng ta s tm hiu
nhng vn sau:
Cc tiu chun v trnh by bn v
Ta trong bn v AutoCAD
Khi nim chng trnh AutoCAD
Khi ng v thot khi chng trnh AutoCAD
Cc thao tc trn trn ca s giao din AutoCAD
Cc thao tc trn bn v AutoCAD
Cc bc thc hin thit k bn v
Thit lp trang in cho bn v
In n trong AutoCAD
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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I.
TIU CHUN V TRNH BY BN V

Cc bn v k thut d c thc hin bng dng c hay thit
k trn my tnh u phi tun th theo nhng quy nh thng nht
ca tiu chun quc gia v quc t v bn v k thut.
Vit Nam, cc tiu chun Vit Nam (Vit tt l TCVN) v
bn v k thut c nh nc ban hnh trong nhm cc tiu
chun H thng ti liu thit k. Chng thng c sa i, b
sung cho ph hp vi cc tiu chun quc t do T chc tiu
chun ha quc t ban hnh (vit tt l ISO).
Sau y l mt s tiu chun v trnh by bn v:
1. Kh Giy
TCVN2-74: Tiu chun Vit Nam, ban hnh nm 1974,
s hiu ng k l 2.
Kh giy c xc nh bng cc kch thc mp ngoi
ca t giy v. C cc loi kh giy sau:
K hiu kh giy Kch thc (mm) K hiu tng ng
44
1189 x 841
A0
24
594 x 841
A1
22
594 x 420
A2
12
297 x 420
A3
11
297 x 210
A4
Kh giy 44 (A0) c
din tch gn bng 1m2. T
kh giy 44 ta chia thnh
cc kh giy khc theo
nguyn tc: Chia i cnh
di kh trc c cnh
ngn ca kh tip sau, cn
mt kh gi nguyn.
2.
Trang: 2
22(A2)
24(A1)
12(A3)
11(A4)
Khung Bn V v Khung Tn
a. Khung Bn V
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Khung bn v c v bng nt lin m, cch

mp kh giy 5mm. Khi cn ng thnh tp, ng
khung pha bn tri ca bn v cch mp giy 25mm.
b. Khung tn
D giy t ng hay ngang, khi v khung tn
c t gc di bn phi ca bn v.
Kch thc v ni dung khung t ca bn v dng

trong hc tp nh mu sau y:
Ghi Ch:
(1): Ghi u bi tp hay tn chi tit c v.
(2): Ghi t l bn v.
(3): Ghi s th t bi tp.
(4): Ghi vt liu ch to chi tit (nu c).
(5): Ghi h tn ngi v.
(6): Ghi ngy v.
(7): Ghi ch k ca ngi kim ra tra.
(8): Ghi ngy kim tra.
(9): Ghi tn trng, lp.
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3.

Ch vit trong (1) c chiu cao 5 hoc 7mm.
Trong (3) cao 5mm, cn trong cc khc cao 3.5mm.
T L Bn V
Tn tiu chun: TCVN 3-74
T l bn v l t s gia kch thc o c trn
hnh biu din trong bn v hay bn vi kch thc
tng ng o trn vt th
Trong bn v k thut ty ln ca vt th m
chn t l ph hp. TCVN 3-74 qui nh cc loi t l
sau:
T l thu nh
T l nguyn hnh T l phng to
1:2
2:1
1:2.5
2.5:1
1:4
4:1
1:5
1:1
5:1
1:10
10:1
1:15
20:1
1:20
40:1
4.
Cc Loi Nt
Khi quan st v v hnh biu din ca vt th, ta
thy hnh dng ca vt th c to thnh bi cc
ng c tnh cht khc nhau, nh ng bao thy,
ng bao khut, ng trc, ng tmCc loi
ng ny c th hin trn bn v bng cc loi nt
khc nhau theo quy nh ca TCVN 8-93.
Cc loi nt thng dng:
Nt lin m: Dng v ng bao thy.
Nt lin mnh: Dng v ng ging, ng

kch thc, ng y ren, ng gch gch trn
mt ct.
Nt t: Dng v ng bao khut.
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Nt lng: Dng v ng gii hn phn b ct.

ng phn cch gia hnh chiu v hnh ct.
Nt chm gch mnh: Dng v ng tm, trc.

Rng Nt V
Cc rng ca nt v cn chn sao cho ph hp
vi ln ca hnh v, vi kh giy v phi chn trong
dy kch thc sau: 0.18; 0.25; 0.35; 0.5; 0.7; 1; 1.4 v
2mm.
Tiu chun quy nh dng 2 rng ca nt v
trn cng mt bn v. l rng ca nt m v
rng ca nt mnh. Phi chn sao cho rng ca nt
mnh bng hay nh hn rng ca nt m. V d,
rng ca nt m chn l 0.7mm, th rng ca nt
mnh chn l 0.35; 0.25 hay 0.18.
Qui Tc V Nt
Khi hai hay nhiu nt khc loi trng nhau th theo
th t u tin sau: Nt lin m, nt t, nt chm gch
mnh.
Khi v nt chm gch mnh, cn v sao cho n bt
u v kt thc bng nt gch, nt gch ny c vt
khi ng bao thy mt on t 3 n 5 ln rng
ca nt m. tm ng trn phi v hai nt gch ct
nhau r rng. Nu ng trn nh hn (d<12mm) th
ch cn vch hai nt lin mnh lm ng tm.
Nt lin m v nt t thng hng th ch ni tip
v h; cc trng hp khc cc nt ct nhau cn v
chm vo nhau.
Ch Vit
Hnh dng v ch vit c quy nh trn tiu
chun TCVN 6-85.
Kh ch l gi tr c tnh bng chiu cao ca
ch hoa tnh bng mm. C cc kh ch sau: 2.5; 3.5; 5;
7;10; 14; 20; 28; 40 (mm).
Khi vit khng c vit ln ln gia ch ng v
ch nghing trong cng mt bn vt rong trng hp
5.
6.
7.
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II.

mun nhn mnh. Khng c vit ln ln ch thng
v ch hoa trong cng mt t, ngoi tr ch ci u t.
TA
1. Khi Nim
Khi thc hin thit k bn v trn my tnh bng
chng trnh AutoCAD l ng ngha vi vic chng ta
biu din cc i tng hnh hc trong khng gian hai
hoc ba chiu.
Bi l cc thnh phn chi tit trn bn v c kt
hp bi cc i tng hnh hc c bn.
Mt khc bn cht cc i tng hnh hc c bn
c cu to t phn t n nht l im.
Do vy khi biu din i tng hnh hc trong
khng gian l chng ta thc hin biu din ta im
trong h trc ta .
Trong phn ny chng ta s xt n hai h trc ta
thng gp sau:
2. Ta Descarter
a. Ta Descarter tuyt i
Ta Descarter tuyt i ca mt im l ta
ca im xt so vi ta ca gc ta .
K hiu: x, y
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
x, y c th l s nguyn hoc s thc. Nu l s

thc th dng du chm . ngn cch phn nguyn
v phn thp phn.
b. Ta Descarter tng i
Ta Descarter tng i ca mt im l ta
ca im xt so vi ta ca mt im khc khc
gc ta ng lin trc n trong qu trnh thc hin
lnh v.
K hiu: @ x, y.
3. Ta Cc
Trong h trc to OXY, ngi ta k mt ng
thng hp vi phng ngang mt gc .
Trn ng thng ta ly 2 im M v N. Ta cc
ca mt im c nh ngha nh sau:
Ta cc ca im M c xc nh bi hai i
lng: l l khong cch t M ti gc ta hay ti mt im
khc v l gc hp bi ng thng v phng ngang.
a. Ta cc tuyt i
Ta cc tuyt i ca mt im l ta cc
ca im , c xc nh bi hai i lng l v .
K hiu: l<
.
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+
Vi l l khong cch t im ang xt ti gc ta
O
+
v l gc hp bi ng thng qua im ang
xt ti gc ta vi phng ngang.
Ta cc tuyt i t c s dng do khng
bit r khong cch t im ang xt ti gc ta , nn
ngi ta thng dng ta cc tng i.
b. Ta cc tng i
L ta cc ca mt im c khong cch l xt
t im ti mt im khc, khc gc ta O.
K hiu: @ l<
.
+
Vi:
l: l khong cch t im ang xt ti

im lm mc.
: l gc hp bi ng thng i qua hai

im ang xt so vi phng ngang.
+
Gc c th dng hoc m. Thng thng ta
chn gc c gi tr tuyt i nh.
+
Cc gc thng c s dng: 00, + - 150 ; + 300 ; + - 450; + - 600; + - 900; + - 1200; + - 1500; + 1800.
III. KHI NIM V CHNG TRNH AUTOCAD
1. Khi Nim
AutoCAD l chng trnh ho ng dng trn
Windows, c vit bi hng phn mm AutoDesk. Khi mi
c xy dng, AutoCAD chy trn nn H iu hnh MS Dos. Mi thao tc v, to mi cng nh hiu chnh, bin i
i tng u c thc hin theo c ch dng lnh. Tuy
nhin, cng vi s ra i ca H iu hnh Windows,
AutoCAD pht trin ln mt bc na. Lc ny AutoCAD
c tch hp trn H iu hnh Windows v ng thi vn
cn tha k li c ch dng lnh ca H iu hnh MS - Dos.
CAD hay cn c hiu l Computer Aided Design/
Drawing: Thit k hay v vi s h tr ca my tnh.
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AuotoCAD l mt phn mm trn my tnh chuyn

dng trong v k thut. AutoCAD c th phc v hu ht
trong mi lnh vc, tuy nhin c th k ra nhng ngnh k
thut m AutoCAD phc v m mi ngi u bit n:
Kin trc.
Xy dng.
C kh.
in in t.
Cc lnh vc a truyn thng

2. Cc Yu T Hnh Thnh Nn Bn V AutoCAD
Bn cht AutoCAD thuc nhm chng trnh ha
Vector. Cho nn, d l mt bn v n gin hay bn v phc
tp, mt bn v AutoCAD bao gi cng c xy dng da
trn cc yu t hnh hc sau:
im.
on thng hoc ng thng.
ng trn hoc cung trn.

T nhng yu t hnh hc c bn ny thng qua cc
thao tc bin i i tng, AutoCAD cho php chng ta to
nn nhng bn v phc tp.
3. c im Ca Chng Trnh AutoCAD
Vi nhng c trng trong nhng lnh vc ng dng
ca chng trnh AutoCAD, v th AutocCAD c nhng c
im sau:
C chnh xc cao.
Cho php ghi kch thc.
To hnh ct mt ct.
Giao tip c vi cc chng trnh ha khc.
H tr lp trnh t ng ho bng cch s dng

ngn ng Autolisp v VBA (Visual Basic for
Application) n gin ha nhng cng vic lp
i lp li nhiu ln.
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IV. CI T CHNG TRNH AUTOCAD
1. Yu Cu Phn Cng
mt my tnh PC c th chy tt chng trnh
AutoCAD. Phn cng My tnh cn t nhng yu cu ti
thiu sau:
Cpu: H Pentium.
Ram: 128 MB.
Hard Disk Space: 180 MB.
VGA Card: 8 MB.
Monitor: 15 -> 21 Inches.
CD-Rom: 52X.
2. Phng Php Ci t Chng Trnh AutoCAD
ci t chng trnh AutoCAD chng ta c th thc
hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Chy File Setup.exe t Source cha

chng trnh ci t AutoCAD: Start -> Run ->
Chn Browse -> Ch ra ng dn (V d):
D:\setup.exe. Hay t a CD cha Source chng
trnh ci t AutoCAD vo trong a CD - Rom
(Thng a ny c chc nng Autorun).
Bc 2: Hp thai Setup xut hin chng trnh

t chy.
Bc 3: Mn hnh Welcom xut hin chn Next.
Bc 4: Mn hnh Software license Agreement

xut hin chn Accept, chn Next.
Bc 5: Mn hnh Serial Number: Da theo

hng dn ca tng chng trnh, Chn Next.
Bc 6: Mn hnh Persional Information: Nhp

Thng tin cc nhn, chn Next.
Bc 7: Tip chn Next, Chn ng dn ci t,

chn Next.
Bc 8: Mn hnh Select Type: Chn kiu ci t

Full.
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Bc 9: Mn hnh Folder Name xut hin: Chn

Next 3 ln. Ch ci t v chn No (B qua thao
tc ci t AutoCAD Migration Assistance). B
qua thao tc khi ng li v chn Finish.
Tuy nhin, ty thuc cc Version sau ny nh

AutoCAD 2006 tr ln chng ta phi b kha ci
t hi khc mt t.
CCH KHI NG AUTOCAD
1. Phng Php Khi ng Chng Trnh AutoCAD
khi ng AutoCAD ta c th thc hin bng cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Nhp p chut tri ln biu tng shortcut ca
chng trnh AutoCAD trn mn hnh nn Desktop.
Hay chn nt lnh n Start, Chn Program, Chn
AutoCAD 2004, Chn AutoCAD 2004.
Bc 2:
Hp thoi Start up xut hin, chn mt trong cc
cch khi ng:
V.
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+
A - Open a drawing: M bn v AutoCAD c
sn.
+
B - Start from scratch: M mi bn v
AutoCAD.
+
C - Uses a template: M bn v mu AutoCAD.
+
D - Uses a wizard: M mi bn v AutoCAD vi
s tr gip ca AutoCAD.
+
Vng Default setting:
Ennglish (feet and inches): n v v

inches.
Metric: n v v Milimet.
Bc 3:
Chn OK.
2. Ch
Khi hp thoi Start up khng xut hin lc ny
AutoCAD s t khi ng mt bn v mu (Tamplate) vi
n v o lng l Inches, vi n v ny c th khng ph
hp vi n v cn v dn n v bn v khng chnh xc.
khc phc ta lm nh sau:
Chn Menu Tool, chn Option.
Hp thoi xut hin, chn th System. Hp Start

up chn chc nng Show Start up Dialog.
Chn OK.
VI. THOT KHI CHNG TRNH AUTOCAD
thot khi chng trnh AutoCAD, chng ta c th chn
mt trong cc cch sau:
Cch 1: Nhp chn Button Close trn thanh tiu .
Cch 2: Chn menu File, chn Exit.
Cch 3: S dng t hp phm Alt + F4.
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VII. GIAO DIN CA S CHNG TRNH AUTOCAD

1. Mn Hnh Giao Din Thit K
Thanh tiu Thanh Menu Thanh Standard Thanh thuc tnh

Thanh Draw
Thanh Modify
VNG V
Con tr
H Ta
Hp Command Thanh Layout
2.
Thanh Cun
Thanh Status
Cc Thnh Phn Chnh

a. Thanh tiu
+
Cha tiu chng trnh ng dng AutoCAD.
+
Cha Ba Button chc nng:
Close Button: ng chng trnh ng dng

AutoCAD.
Restore Button: Phng to/ Thu nh ca s

chng trnh AutoCAD.
Minimizes Button: Tm n ca s lm vic

ln thanh tc v.
b. Thanh Menu
Gm c 11 Menu chc nng:
Menu File: Cha cc chc nng lin quan n
thao tc tp tin: M mi tp tin, M tp tin c sn, Lu
tp tin, In ti liu
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Menu Edit: Cha cc chc nng lin quan n
vic hiu chnh tp tin trong qu trnh thao tc nh: Tr
v thao tc lin trc, thao tc lin sau. Sao chp/di
chuyn ni dung vo vng nh tm, dn ni dung t
vng nh tm vo tp tin
Menu View: Cha ng chc nng bin i i
tng cng nh m cc thanh cng c.
Menu Format: Cha ng cc chc nng thit lp
cc gi tr ca bin h thng cho cc lnh to i tng.
Menu Tool: Cha ng cc chc nng x l bin
h thng.
Menu Draw: Cha ng cc lnh v i tng.
Menu Dimention: Cha ng cc lnh ghi kch
thc.
Menu Modify: cha ng cc chc lnh i i
tng.
Menu Window: Cha ng cc chc nng hin
th sp xp cc ca s ti liu ng dng.
Menu Help: Cha ng cc thng tin tr gip s
dng chng trnh AutoCAD.
c.
Thanh Standard
Cha ng cc biu tng chc nng thao tc
nhanh trn tp tin thay v chn trn thanh Menu.
Ngoi ra thanh Standard cn cha ng cc chc
nng lin quan phng to thu nh i tng, di
chuyn bn v thay v chn t lnh.
d. Thanh Object Properties
Cha ng cc lp dng qun l cc thuc tnh
ca cc i tng .
e.
Thanh cng c Draw
Cha ng cc lnh chc nng dng v i
tng.
f.
Thanh cng c Modify
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Cha ng cc chc nng dng hiu chnh i

tng.
g. H trc ta
Biu th phng v chiu dng ca hai trc to
OX v OY trong khng gian hai chiu.
h. Vng v
L ni cho php thc hin v i tng. Vng ny
rng v hn. Mc nh c mu en.
i.
Thanh Layout
Cho php chuyn i khng gian giy v hay dng
m hnh i tng.
j.
Thanh trng thi
Thao tc nhanh cc chc nng h tr v nh: ch
truy bt im OSnap, Ch v thng Ortho.
VIII. CC THAO TC TRN TP TIN
1. M Mi Tp Tin
m mi mt tp tin, ta thc hin nh sau:
Chn Menu File, Chn New. Hoc chn biu

tng New trn thanh Standard. Hoc phm tt l
Ctrl + N.
Hp thoi Start up xut hin, Xc lp cc ty chn:
Chn chc nng Start From Scratch.
Chn n v v l English hay Metric.
Chn OK.
2. M Tp Tin C Sn
m mi mt tp tin, ta thc hin nh sau:
Chn Menu File, Chn Open. Hoc chn biu

tng Open trn thanh Standard Hoc phm tt l
Ctrl + O.
Hp thoi Select File xut hin, Xc lp cc ty

chn sau:
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Trang: 15
+
+
3.
Trang: 16
Look in: Ch ra ng dn cha tp tin cn m.

File name: G tn tp tin hay nhp chn tp tin ti
vng nhn thy.
+
Fille of type: Kiu file, thng chn mc nh.
+
Ra lnh m bng chc nng Open.
Lu Tp Tin
a. Lu tp tin ln u khi va m mi
+
Chn menu File, chn Save hoc Save as, Phm tt
l Ctrl + S, hoc Alt + F + S. Hoc chn Save trn
thanh Standard.
+
Hp thoi Save Drawing as xut hin:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Save in: Ch ra ng dn lu tp tin
File name: G vo tn tp tin cn lu.
Save as type: Chn kiu nh dng *.dwg

b. Lu tip theo ni dung tp tin
+
Chn File chn Save, Phm tt l Ctrl + S. Hoc
chn biu tng Save trn thanh Standard.
c.
Lu d phng
+
Chn File chn Save as.
+
Thc hin tng t nh ln lu u tin vi tn
mi hoc ng dn cn lu mi.
d. Lu bn v mu
+
Bn v mu - Template l nhng bn v c thit
k sn, trong bn v cha ng cc thnh phn
chung nht ca tt c cc bn v, chng hn nh
Khung tn, khung bn v, layer, n v o lng.
+
Lu bn v mu thc hin tng t nh lu tp tin
ln u, nhng thay v lu di dng *.dwg th ta
chn nh dng *.dwt.
IX. CC THAO TC TRN CA S GIAO DIN
1. M Tt Cc Thanh Cng C
m tt cc thanh cng c chng ta chn cc cch:
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Chn Menu View, chn Toolbar:
nh du vo vung trc tn thanh cng c cn

m hay ng.
Hoc nhp phi chut ln bt k chc nng no

trn cc thanh cng c, ngoi tr thanh tiu ,
Menu xut hin, nhp chn thanh cng c cn m
hay ng.
2. Thay i Mu Nn
Mt nh mu nn ca mn hnh thit k ca AutoCAD
mu en. Khi cn thay i mu nn, chng ta tin hnh nh
sau:
Chn Menu Tools, chn Options. Hp thoi xut

hin:
Chn th Display, chn nt Colors, chn tip

Color, ri chn mu cn i. Chn Apply and
Close. Chn Ok.
3. Thay i Biu Tng Con Tr
Con tr trong chng trnh AutoCAD gm hai phn:
Pickbox hp chn c hnh vung v Crosshair c hnh si
tc vung gc nhau ti tm ca Pickbox.
Ty theo s thch ca tng ngi s dng m chng ta
c th chn kch c ca hai thnh phn ny.
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thay i Pickbox, chn Menu Tools, chn Options,

chn th Selection, thay i gi tr thanh Pickbox size.
thay i Pickbox, chn Menu Tools, chn Options,
chn th Display, thay i gi tr thanh Crosshair size.
4. Phng To Thu Nh v Di Di Bn V
Phng to/ thu nh bn v: phng to thu nh bn v,
chng ta chn nhanh cng c Zoom trn thanh tiu chun.
Sau nhn gi v drag chut phng to thu nh bn v:
Drag chut t
gc di bn
tri ln gc trn
bn phi l
phng to bn v.
X.
Drag chut t
gc trn bn phi
xung gc di
bn tri l thu
nh bn v.
Di di nhanh bn v: di di nhanh bn v, chng ta

chn nhanh cng c Pan trn thanh tiu chun. Sau nhn
gi v drag chut di di nhanh bn v. Hay trong lc s
dng cng c Zoom, chng ta c th nhp phi chut ln bn
v ri chn cng c Pan.
CC BC THC HIN THIT K MT BN V
1. Bc 1: c v phn tch bn v
c v phn tch bn v gip chng ta thy c cu
trc ca bn v. T xc nh c cn v i tng g
trc i tng no c sao chp, v i tng no v sau.
2. Bc 2: To lp qun l i tng
Xc nh s lp cha i tng v thc hin to lp.
3. Bc 3: V khung i tng
Thng s dng lp nt t v ng tm ng trc
nu l chi tit dng trc. Hoc v cc cnh c s lm mc.
4. Bc 4: V i tng c bn
S dng cc lnh c bn kt hp vi chc nng truy bt
im chnh xc v cc i tng c bn.
5. Bc 5: Bc Sao chp v bin i i tng
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S dng cc lnh sao chp v nhn bn sao chp i
tng theo mt nguyn tt no . Cng nh s dng cc
lnh bin i bin i i tng.
6. Bc 6: Ct xn phn tha i tng
S dng lnh trim ct xn phn tha ca i tng.
7. Bc 7: Ghi kch thc cho bn v
Ghi kch thc v ghi ch thch cho bn v.
8. Bc 8: Kt xut bn v
Xut bn v ra file hoc ra my in.
XI. THIT LP TRANG IN V IN N
1. Thit Lp Trang In bng Lnh MVSETUP
Chc nng: Cho php chng ta thit lp Bn v
Cch thc hin:
Bc 1: Command: G MVSETUP Enter
Bc 2: Enable paper space? [No/Yes] <Y>: G

N (khng chuyn sang khng gian giy v m gi
nguyn ch m hnh vt th).
Bc 3: Enter units type [Scientific/ Decimal/

Engineering/ Architectural/ Metric]: G M - Chn
kiu n v v l Metric.
Bc 4: Enter the scale factor: Nhp t l bn v.
Bc 5: Enter the paper width: Nhp chiu rng

bn v.
Bc 6: Enter the paper height: Nhp chiu cao

bn v.
2. In n
thc hin in n trc ht chng ta phi sp xp cc
thnh phn bn v vo v tr in
Chn menu File, chn chc nng Plot. Hp thoi xut
hin:
Chn th Plot Device: Xc lp cc chc nng:

+
Name: Chn my in
+
Name: chn Acad (plot style table)
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Number of copy: Chn s bn in ra
+
+
+
+
+
Th Plot setting:
Paper size: Chn kh giy
Orientation: Chn hng giy
Plot scale: thng chn Scale to fit
Center of Plot: nh du chc nng in gia trang
Chn Windows: Drag chn vng ca s trn bn
v cn in.
Chn Full Preview xem trc khi in. Nu c
th ra lnh in lun cn khng c th nhn Esc b
qua v tin hnh thit lp in li.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 21
Qua chng 2, chng ti mun gii thiu n cc bn sinh

vin cc lnh v hai chiu thng c dng thit k bn v chi
tit trong chng trnh AutoCAD. C th, chng ta s tm hiu cc
nhm lnh sau:
Gii thiu lnh trong AutoCAD
Cc lnh to hnh c bn: Lnh Line; lnh Cirle; lnh

Rectangle; lnh Ellipse; lnh Polygon; lnh Polyline;
lnh Arc; lnh Spline;
Lnh to vn bn: Lnh Text; lnh Mtext
Lnh ghi k hiu vt liu: Lnh Boundary; lnh Bhatch
Lnh ghi kch thc: Lnh Dimention
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
I.
GII THIU LNH TRONG AUTOCAD

1. Khi Nim
AutoCAD h tr rt phong ph v cc lnh v i
tng, cng nh lnh hiu chnh v lnh bin i i tng.
Trong chng ny chng ta s ln lt tm hiu cc lnh lin
quan n vic thit k bn v chi tit:
Lnh Line.
2. Cu Trc Lnh Trong AutoCAD
Cu trc bn trong mt lnh ca chng

AutoCAD, gm hai phn: Phn yu cu chnh ca
lnh v phn ty chn. Phn ty chn c th c
hoc khng, nu c n s lm cho lnh c thc
hin r nhnh theo hng mi.
thc hin mt lnh trong AutoCAD, ta c ba

cch:
+
S dng chut kch chn Menu chc nng Draw
v thc hin v i tng hon ton bng chut.
Cch thc hin ny thng khng cho kch thc
chnh xc.
+
S dng Command nhp lnh. Cch thc hin
ny chm mt nhiu thi gian, tuy nhin kt qu
chnh xc.
+
Kt hp c hai thao tc trn. Cch ny thng
c s dng gip v nhanh ng thi vn m
bo tnh chnh xc cao cho bn v.
AutoCAD khng phn bit ch hoa v ch

thng.
Tn lnh hay tn chc nng ca lnh c th c

vit y hoc vit tt. Tn lnh tt hay tn chc
nng ca lnh l k t c vit hoa trong tn lnh
hay tn chc nng.
AutoCAD h tr lch s lnh. Ngha l trong qu

trnh thc hin lnh, chng ta ch vic chn mt
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 23
II.

trong hai phm di chuyn ln v di chuyn xung
chn li lnh g.
Khi ang thc hin mt lnh v kt thc, mun

thc hin li lnh lin trc , ta ch vic g
Enter khng cn phi nhp li tn lnh.
NHM LNH TO HNH C BN
1. Lnh Line
a. Chc nng:
Lnh Line cho php chng ta v nn cc i tng
nh sau:
ng thng, on thng.
Cc hnh gp khc.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Line chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn menu Draw, chn Line
Hay chn Line trn thanh cng c Draw
Hay Command: G L (Enter).
Bc 2:
Specify first point: Nhp to im u hay

nhp chut chn im bt k.
Bc 3:
Specify next point or [Undo]: Nhp ta

im tip theo hay nhp chut chn im bt
k. Hoc g U tr v thao tc trc .
Bc 4:
Specify next point or [Undo]: Nhp ta

im tip theo hay nhp chut chn bt k.
Hoc g U tr v thao tc trc .
Bc 5:
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Nhp ta

im tip theo hay nhp chut chn im
bt k. Hoc g U tr v thao tc trc
. Hoc g C khp kn a gic.
Ghi ch:
G Enter kt thc lnh.

Lnh Circle
a. Chc nng
Lnh Circle cho php chng ta v ng trn.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Circle chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Circle, chn chc

nng v.
Hay chn chc nng Circle trn thanh cng

c Draw.
Hay Command: G C (Enter).
Bc 2:
Specify center point for circle or [3P/2P/Ttr

(tan tan radius)]:
TH 1: V ng trn khi bit tm v bn knh.

(tan tan radius)]: Nhp ta tm ng
trn.
Specify radius of circle or [Diameter]: Nhp

bn knh ng trn.
TH 2: V ng trn qua ba im.

(tan tan radius)]: G 3P (Enter).
Specify first point on circle: Nhp to

im 1.
2.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 25
3.
Trang: 26
Specify second point on circle: Nhp to

im 2.
Specify third point on circle: Nhp to

im 3.
TH 3: V ng trn qua hai im.

(tan tan radius)]: G 2P (Enter).
Specify first end point of circle's diameter:

Nhp to im th nht .
Specify second end point of circle's diameter:

Nhp to im th hai.
TH4: V ng trn qua hai im tip xc v
bn knh ca ng trn.

(tan tan radius)]: G 2P
CIRCLE Specify center point for circle or

[3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radius)]: G T
Specify point on object for first tangent of

circle: Kch chut chn im tip xc th
nht.
Specify point on object for second tangent of

circle: Kch chut chn im tip xc th
hai.
Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh

ng trn.
Lnh Rectangle
a. Chc nng
Lnh Rectangle cho php chng ta v nn cc
hnh:
Hnh ch nht
Hnh vung.
b. Cch thc hin
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
4.
s dng lnh Rectangle chng ta thc hin theo

cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Command: G REC (Enter).
Bc 2:
Specify frist corner point or [Chamfer/

Elevation/ Fillet/ Thickness/ Width]: Nhp
to mt nh bt k.
Bc 3:
Specify other corner: Nhp ta gc i

din.
Lnh Ellipse
a. Chc nng
Lnh Ellipse cho php chng ta v hnh Ellipse.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Ellipse chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Ellipse.
Hoc chn chc nng Ellipse trn thanh

Draw.
Hoc Command: G EL (Enter).
Bc 2:
Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or

[Arc/Center] g C ri Enter (chn phng
thc v Ellipse qua tm v bn knh 2 u
trc ca Ellipse.
Bc 3:
Specify center of ellipse: Chn tm Ellipse.
Bc 4:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 27
5.
6.
Trang: 28
Specify endpoint o axis: Nhp ta u tm

th nht (@a<0). Thng nhp trc ln trn
phng ox trc.
Bc 5:
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation]:

Nhp to bn knh u trc cn li.
(@b<90).
Lnh Polygon
a. Chc nng
Lnh Polygon cho php chng ta v:
Hnh a gic iu.
S cnh a gic u c c t 3 n 1024 cnh.

b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Polygon chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Command: G POL (Enter).
Bc 2:
Enter number of sides <4>: Nhp s nh.
Bc 3:
Specify center of polygon or [Edge]: Nhp

to tm a gic.
Bc 4:
Enter
an
option
[Inscribed
in
circle/Circumscribed about circle] <I>: Nhp
I ch a gic ni tip ng trn. Nhp C
ch a gic ngoi tip ng trn.
Bc 5:
Specify radius of circle: Nhp bn knh

ng trn.
Lnh Arc
a. Chc nng
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Lnh Arc cho php chng ta v cc cung trn.

b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Arc chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: Chn Menu Draw, chn chc nng Arc,

chn mt trong cc kiu cn v.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
7.
3Point
Start, Center, End
Start, Center, Angle
Start, Center, Length
Start, End, Angle
Start, End, Direction
Start, End, Radius
Center, Start, End
Center, Start, Angle
Center, Start, Length
Continue
: V theo 3 im.
: V theo im u, tm, cui
: V theo im u, tm, gc.
: V theo u, tm, di cung.
: V theo im u, cui, gc.
: V theo u, cui, tip tuyn.
: V theo u, cui, bn knh.
: V theo im tm, u, cui.
: V theo im tm, u, gc.
: V theo tm, u, dy cung.
: V tip mt cung va v.
Bc 2: Thc hin v cung theo cc chc nng

chn bc 1.
Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh v cung chng ta

thng chn cc kiu v nh: 3 Point; Start, End,
Radius; Continue.
Lnh Pline
a. Chc nng
Lnh Pline cho php chng ta v a tuyn. a
tuyn l mt i tng phc hp bao gm cc cung v
cc on ni tip nhau.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Pline chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Command: PL (Enter).
Bc 2:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 29
8.
Specify start point: Nhp to im u.
Bc 3:
Specify next point or [Arc/ Close/ Halfwidth/

Length/ Undo/ Width]: nhp chut chn
im tip theo.
Cc thng s chn la:
Width: thay i dy.
Arc: ang v line chuyn qua v cung.
Length: ang v cung chuyn qua line.

Lnh SPLine
a. Chc nng
Lnh SPLine cho php chng ta v cc ng
cong qua im gia.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Pline chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Command: G SPL (Enter).
Bc 2:
Specify first point or [Object]: Nhp chut

chn im u ca ng cong.
Bc 3:
Specify next point: Nhp chut chn im

tip theo.
Bc 4:
Specify next point or [Close/ Fit tolerance]:

Nhp to im tip theo.
Ch : Mun kt thc g Enter 3 ln.
III. NHM LNH TO VN BN

1. Lnh Text
a. Chc nng
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Lnh Text cho php chng ta to dng vn bn

b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Text, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Text, chn Single

line text.
Hoc Command: G TEXT (Enter).
Bc 2:
Specify start point of text or [Justify/Style]:

Nhp chut chn v tr bt u t dng vn
bn.
Bc 3:
Specify height <2.5000>: Nhp chiu cao

ca vn bn
Bc 4:
Specify rotation angle of text <0>: Nhp

hng nghing ca vn bn
Bc 5:
Enter text: Nhp vn bn Nhp xong g

Enter.
Bc 6:
Enter Text: G Enter

c.
Ch :
Khi thc hin g vn bn ting vit chng ta phi

khi ng chng trnh Vietkey hay Unikey v
xc lp cc thng s ph hp vi Font ch trong
chng trnh AutoCAD.
Font ch trong chng trnh AutoCAD thng

chn l Font Vni Helve Condense.
Khi thc hin g vn bn khng thy c ting

vit. Lc ny nhp phi chut ln dng vn bn
g, chn Edit text sau nhp li dng vn bn.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 31

2. Lnh MText.
a. Chc nng
Lnh MText cho php cng ta to on vn bn.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh MText, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Text, chn

Multilines Text.
Hoc Command: G MT ri Enter.
Bc 2:
Specify first corner: Nhp chut chn gc

u tin ca khung vn bn ng thi drag
chut sang gc i din.
Bc 3:
Hp thoi xut hin:
Chn th Character thit lp Font, Size
Chn th Properties canh l cho on vn

bn.
Bc 4:
Nhp vn bn xong, chn OK.
Ch :
chn biu tng ng knh chng ta

chn Symbol, chn chc nng Deamiter
%%c.
IV. NHM LNH GHI K HIU VT LIU
1. Lnh Boundary
a. Chc nng
Lnh Boundary cho php chng ta to hnh 2d kn
t cc i tng 2D giao nhau.
b. Cch thc hin
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
2.
s dng lnh BHatch chng ta thc hin theo

cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Command: G Boundary Enter.
Hoc kch Draw/Boundary
Bc 2:
Kch chut vo bn trong phn giao nhau ca

cc i tng
Lnh BHatch
a. Chc nng
Lnh BHatch cho php chng ta ghi k hiu vt
liu, k hiu mt ct, k hiu hnh ct.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh BHatch chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G BH (Enter).
Bc 2: Hp thoi xut hin

Chn th Quick
Nhp chut vo biu tng bn phi

mc Pattern chn mu.
Kch chut vo mc Pick point, mn hnh

thit k xut hin kch chut vo mt im
bt k bn trong vng t. Ta cng c th
chn Select Objects chn ng bin
vng t. G Enter quay v hp thoi
Chn Nt Preview xem trc. Nu c

th chn OK. Nu cha c th c th thay
i t l ti Scale ln hn hoc nh hn t
l mu t hin ti ri li tip tc chn
Preview v c th tip tc.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 33
V.
GHI KCH THC BN V

1. Lnh Dimention
a. Chc nng
Lnh Dimention cho php chng ta ghi kch thc
bn v.
b. Cch thc hin
Tu theo kiu ghi kch thc m chng ta c cch
ghi ph hp. Chng ta s bn n mt s phng php
ghi kch thc thng dng:
Ghi kch thc thng ng hoc xing
Chn Menu Dimention. Nu ghi thng chn

Linea, nu ghi xing chn Align.
Kch chut chn im th nht trn on o.
Kch chut chn im th 2 trn o o
Drag chut ra ngoi mt khong cch, nhp

tri chut biu din kch thc.
Ghi kch thc bn knh ng trn
Chn Menu Dimention, chn Radius.
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Kch chut vo bin ng trn ng thi

drag chut ra bn ngoi mt khong cch ri
nhp chut biu din i tng.
Ghi kch thc ng knh ng trn
Chn Menu Dimention, chn Deamiter
Kch chut vo bin ng trn ng thi

drag chut ra bn ngoi mt khong cch ri
nhp chut biu din i tng.
Di di con s kch thc
Nhp phi chut ln con s kch thc

ghi, chn Dim text position.
Chn chc nng cn di.
Ghi kch thc km ch thch. V d 4 L 10
Chn Menu Dimention, chn Deamiter.
Kch chut ln bin i tng. Thay v drag

ra ngoi nhp tri th chng ta tip tc G M
vo mt Command ri Enter.
Hp thoi xut hin: thit lp Font, Size v

chn biu tng Deamiter %%c vo gia cp
du ngoc <> ng knh ghi th cng. Sau
chn OK
Mt s lnh lin quan n ghi kch thc
DimScale: Thay i t l mi tn v con s kch thc.
DimTad: M tt con s nm trn ng kch thc.
DimTih: Thay i v tr nm ca con s kch thc.
DimTofl: C hoc b ng kch thc trong Circle.
DimUpt: M tt chc nng di chuyn con s kch thc
DimDec: S ch s thp phn trong con s kch thc.
DimDli: Thay i khong gia cc ng kch thc //.
DimCen: Thay i gi tr di ng k hiu tm.
2.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 35
Qua chng 3, chng ti mun gii thiu n cc bn sinh

vin cc lnh dng bin i v hiu chnh bn v hai chiu
thng c dng thit k bn v chi tit trong chng trnh
AutoCAD. C th, chng ta s tm hiu cc nhm lnh sau:
Nhm lnh xo i tng: Lnh Erase; phm Delete.
Nhm lnh nhn bn i tng: Lnh Copy, lnh Move,

lnh Offset, lnh Mirror; lnh Rotate; lnh Array.
Truy bt im i tng: Lnh Osnap; lnh Ortho
Lnh qun l i tng: Lnh Layer; Lnh Linetype.
Nhm lnh kt hp i tng: Lnh Block; lnh Insert.
Nhm lnh xn i tng: Lnh Trim; Fillet; Chamfer.
Nhm lnh hiu chnh ng nt: Lnh Pedit; lnh

Extend; lnh Lengthen; lnh Ltscale
Nhm lnh phn chia i tng: Lnh Explode; Divide
Nhm lnh quan st i tng: Lnh Scale; lnh Zoom;

lnh Viewres; thanh cng c 3D Orbit
Trang: 36
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
I.
NHM LNH XA I TNG

1. Lnh Erase
a. Chc nng
Lnh Erase cho php chng ta xo mt hoc nhiu
i tng.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Erase chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Modify, chn Erase
Hay chn chc nng Erase trn thanh cng

c Modify.
Hay Command: G E (Enter).
Bc 2:
Select Objects: Kch chut chn i tng

cn xo, chn xong g Enter.
Mun xo ht g All ri Enter.
Bc 3:
Enter thc hin xo i tng.

2. Xo i Tng Bng Phm Delete
a. Chc nng
Phm Delete cho php chng ta xo nhanh cc i
tng c chn.
b. Cch thc hin
thc hin xa cc i tng bng phm Delete,
chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Nhp chut chn i tng cn xo.
Bc 2:
Nhn phm Delete.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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II.

NHM LNH NHN BN I TNG
1. Lnh Copy
a. Chc nng
Lnh Copy cho php chng ta sao chp mt hoc
nhiu i tng.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Copy, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Modify, chn Copy.
Hoc chn chc nng Copy trn thanh Draw.
Hoc Command: G CP (Enter).
Bc 2:
Select Objects: kch chut chn i tng

cn sao chp. Chn xong g Enter.
Bc 3:
Specify base point or [Multiple]: Nhp chut

chn im c s.
Bc 4:
Specify second point or distance: Nhp chut

chn im t.
Ch :
im c s lm c s t i tng ti
im t.
Khi thc hin sao chp nhiu hn mt hnh

th ti dng nhc: Specify base point or
[Multiple]: chng ta nhp M g Enter ri mi
chn im c s v tip tc bc 4.
2. Lnh Move
a. Chc nng
Lnh Move cho php chng ta di chuyn mt hoc
nhiu i tng.
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
b.
3.
Cch thc hin

s dng lnh Move, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Modify, chn Move.
Hoc chn chc nng Move trn thanh Draw.
Hoc Command: G M (Enter).
Bc 2:
Select Objects: kch chut chn i tng

cn di chuyn. Chn xong g Enter.
Bc 3:
Specify base point or distance: Nhp chut

chn im c s.
Bc 4:
Specify second point or distance: Nhp chut

chn im t.
Lnh Offset
a. Chc nng
Lnh Offset cho php chng ta sao chp mt i
tng song song vi i tng gc theo mt khong
cch hoc theo im t.
b. Cch thc hin
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Modify, chn Offset.
Hoc chn chc nng Offset trn thanh cng

c Draw.
Hoc Command: G O (Enter).
Bc 2:
Specify offset distance or [Throught]

<1.000>: C 2 trng hp:
TH1: Sao chp hnh mi cch hnh gc mt on x
Bc 3a:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 39
4.
Trang: 40

<1.000>: Nhp khong cch sao chp.
Bc 4a:
Select object to offset or [Exit]: nhp chut

chn i tng cn sao chp.
Bc 5a: Specify point on side to offset: nhp

chut chn mt im bt k nm pha bn t i
tng sao chp.
TH2: Sao chp hnh mi t ti mt im
Bc 3b:

<1.000>: G T (Enter).
Bc 4b:
Select object to offset or [Exit]: nhp chut

chn i tng cn sao chp.
Bc 5b:
Specify throught point: Nhp chut chn

im t i tng.
Lnh Mirror
a. Chc nng
Lnh Mirror cho php chng ta ly i xng hoc
sao chp i xng mt i tng hay mt nhm i
tng qua mt trc.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Mirror, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: MI (Enter).
Bc 2: Select objects: Chn di tng chn,

xong Enter.
Bc 3: Specify first point of mirror line: Chn

im th nht trn trc i xng.
Bc 4: Specify second point of mirror line: Chn

in th hai trn trc i xng.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bc 5: Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>:

Chn Y Hoc N nu mun Xo (Ly i xng)
hoc gi nguyn (Sao chp i xng) i tng
ngun.
Lnh Rotate
a. Chc nng
Lnh Rotate cho php chng ta quay mt hay
nhiu i tng quanh tm quay mt gc bt k.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Rotate, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G RO (Enter).
Bc 2: Select Objects: Nhp chut chn i

tng, chn xong g Enter.
Bc 3: Specify base point: Nhp chut chn tm

quay.
Bc 4: Specify rotation angle or[reference]:Nhp

gc quay.
Lnh Array
a. Chc nng
Lnh Array cho php chng ta sao chp i tng
theo dy trn hay dy ch nht.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Array, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command G AR ri Enter.
Bc 2: hp thoi xut hin

Sao chp i tng theo dy ch nht
5.
6.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 41
Xc lp cc ty chn:
Bc 2.0: Chn chc nng Rectangular

Array.
Bc 2.1: Nhp chut vo nt Select objects

chn i tng sao chp.
Bc 2.2: Nhp s dng ti hp Rows.
Bc 2.3: Nhp s ct ti hp Column.
Bc 2.4: Nhp khong cch dng ti hp

Rows offset.
Bc 2.5: Nhp khong cch ct ti hp

Column offset.
Bc 3: Chn OK.
Cch thc hin sao chp dy trn
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Xc lp cc thuc tnh
Bc 2.0: Chn chc nng Polar Array.
Bc 2.1: Nhp chut vo nt Select objects

. Chn i tng sao chp.
Bc 2.2: Nhp chut vo chc nng Center

point ch ra tm ca dy trn.
Bc 2.3: Nhp s phn t ti Total

number of items.
Bc 2.4: Nhp gc t tng ti hp Angle

to fill.
Bc 3: Chn OK.
III. NHM LNH TRUY BT I TNG
1. Lnh Osnap
a. t vn
Nh chng ta bit, vic thc hin mt bn v
trong m hon ton p dng theo phng php biu din
ta l chnh. Bn v c v ra c chnh xc cao,
tuy nhin rt chm v mt nhiu thi gian. V th lm
th no chng ta c th thc hin nhanh mt bn v
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 43

trong chng trnh AutoCAD m vn m bo c
chnh xc cao cho bn v?
b. Gii php
p ng nhu cu , AutoCAD cung cp cho
chng ta mt gii php thc hin truy bt nhanh im
c bit trn i tng trong lc thc hin lnh, l
lnh OSnap.
c.
Chc nng lnh OSNAP
Lnh OSnap cho php chng ta thc hin truy bt
cc im trn i tng trong lc thc hin lnh. Vi
OSnap chng ta c th xc lp t menu chc nng hay
g lnh trc tip trn dng lnh khi dng nhc yu cu
ch ra ta im.
d. Cc loi im thng c dng:
INT Intersection : im giao nhau.
PER Perpendicular : im vung gc.
END End point

: im cui.
CEN Center Point : im tm ng trn.
QUA Quadrant
: im ng trn.
TAN Tangent
: im tip xc.
NEA Nearest
: im bt k.
NOD Node
: im/ im chia.
MID Midpoint
: im gia on thng.
e.
Cch thc hin 1: Xc lp bng hp thoi
xc lp chc nng truy bt im Osnap theo
phng php s dng hp thoi, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Nhp phi chut ln chc nng OSNAP trn

thanh trng thi chn Setting. Hay
Command: G OS (Enter).
Bc 2:
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Hp thoi xut hin nh du vo tn im

chc nng cn truy bt:
Chn OK
f.
Cch thc hin 2: Nhp tn im chc nng
xc lp chc nng truy bt im Osnap theo
phng php nhp tn im chc nng, chng ta thc
hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Trong qu trnh thc hin lnh, khi dng

nhc yu cu ch ra ta ca mt im lc
ny chng ta c th g trc tip tn im cn
truy bt vo dng nhc, ri G Enter. Tn
im chc nng l ba k t u tin trong tn
chc nng.
Bc 2:
a chut li gn im cn bt n khi xut

hin biu tng truy bt im nhp chut
tri.
g. Ch :
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2.
3.
Trang: 46

Khi thc hin chc nng truy bt im t bit trn
i tng bng cch thit lp chc nng trong hp thoi
phi ch m chc nng OSNAP trn thanh trng thi.
Lc ny chng ta c th hnh dung hnh ng ny m t
tng t nh mi quan h gia cu dao v cng tc n.
Cho d chng ta c m cng tc n m cu dao cha
m th n cng khng sng.
Sau khi thit lp chc nng xong, chn mt
im trong bn v ta a chut li gn im trn i
tng s xut hin biu tng mu vng ri nhp chut
tri chn im. Nu biu tng truy bt im khng
xut hin th hy a chut li bin ca i tng.
Lnh Ortho
a. Chc nng
Lnh Ortho cho php chng ta v nhanh mt
ng thng c phng thng ng hoc thng ngang.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng nhanh lnh Ortho, chng ta thc hin
nh sau:
Nhp chut ln nt Ortho m chc nng Ortho

trn thanh trng thi.
Hay nhn phm tt l F8.

Chc nng From to
a. Chc nng
Chc nng From to cho php chng ta ch ra
ta tng i ca mt im khi bit ta ca mt
im khc cch n mt khong cch x, trong qu trnh
thc hin lnh.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng chc nng From to, chng ta thc
hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Khi dng nhc yu cu ch ra ta mt

im: G From (Enter).
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bc 2: Base point: Nhp chut chn im lm

im mc.
Bc 3: Base point: <Offset>: Nhp ta tng

i tnh t im lm mc ti v tr ca im cn
xc nh.
IV. NHM LNH QUN L I TNG
1. Lnh Layer
a. Chc nng
Khi quan st mt bn v c thit k bao gi
chng ta cng thy c rng mi bn v l tp hp ca
nhiu i tng c to thng qua cc php bin i
c bn to nn sn phm cui cng. Mi i tng s
c cc thuc tnh ca n nh kiu ng nt, dy
ng nt, mu sc ng nt
T nhu cu qun l chung cc i tng c
cng thuc tnh l rt cn thit nu qun l ring l tng
i tng s mt rt nhiu thi gian.
V d khi in bn v ta thy tt c cc nt mnh c
dy nt hi nh cn tng thm dy, lc ny chng
ta phi chn tng i tng ri tng dn n mt nhiu
nhiu thi gian c khi chn khng chnh xc. Do
AutoCAD h tr cho ta mt i tng qun l cc
i tng c cng thuc tnh l layer.
Layer rt n gin thun li v hiu qu.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Layer, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Format, chn Layer,
Command: G LA (Enter).
Bc 2: Hp thoi xut hin, xc lp cc thuc

tnh sau:
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Delete: Xo mt Layer ang c chn trong

hp thoi nhng khng l Layer hin hnh
ngy bn v.
Current: Xc lp mt Layer c chn ch

hin hnh.
Hide Detail hay Show Detail: Cho php hin

hoc n cc chi tit thuc tnh ca mt Layer.
Chng ta quan tm n Nt New:
New cho php chng ta to mi Mt Layer:
Nhp thng tin trc tip ln ca s quan st

bng cc nhp chn tn chc nng ti ct
tng ng torng hp thoi hoc chn ch
Show Detail ri nhp ti nhp.
Nam: Nhp tn Lp. Ngn gn gi nh.

Khng b du.
Color: Chn mu sc.
Line Type: Chn kiu ng nt. Nu l

ng tm thng chn kiu nt t v cc
chn nh sau:
Chn thuc tnh Line Type. Hp
thoi xut hin, chn Load, cun
ca s quan st chn Kiu Center/
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2.
Center2, chn OK. Click chn

ng kiu va chn chn Ok.
LineWeight: dy ng Nt. Thay i

tu thuc nhu cu s dng v tng ng vi
tng loi ng.
On/Off: Bt tt Lp:
Frezee: ng tan lp. Lp trng thi n.
Clock: Kho Lp. Lp vn hin nhng mi

bin i khng th tc ng c ln i
tng trn lp.
Bc 3: Chn OK.
Qun L i Tng Bng Thanh Layer, Properties
V.
hp Layer, dng chn lp trc khi v i

tng thuc lp.
Thanh Properties cho php quan st mu nt, kiu nt

v dy nt ca lp c chn.
NHM LNH LIN KT I TNG
1. Lnh Block
a. Chc nng
Lnh Block cho php chng ta ng khi cc i
tng ri rc thnh mt khi duy nht ging nh lnh
Group trong cc chng trnh khc.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Insert, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Command: G vo B (Enter).
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Nhp tn khi to Name

Nhp chut vo chc nng Select Object
chn i tng to khi.
Nhp chut vo Pick point chn im c

s cho im t.
Chn OK.
Lnh Insert.
a. Chc nng
Lnh Insert cho php chng ta chn mt khi vo
cng mt bn v. Hay chn mt bn v t mt tp tin
khc vo tp tin hin hnh.
b. Cch thc hin
2.
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s dng lnh Insert, chng ta thc hin theo

cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Command: G vo I ri Enter.
Bc 2: Hp thoi xut hin:
Nhp tn khi vo name chn khi vo

bn v hin hnh.
Chn Browse chn mt tp tin khc vo

mt bn v hin hnh.
Bc 3:
Chn OK.
VI. NHM LNH XN I TNG
1. Lnh Trim
a. Chc nng
Lnh Trim cho php chng ta thc hin ct xn
phn tha ca i tng trong bn v.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Trim, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Modify, chn Trim hay.
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2.
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Chn Chc nng Trim trn thanh cng c

Modify.
Command: G TR (Enter).
Bc 2:
Select Objects: Kch chut chn i tng

lm ng gii hn.
Bc 3:
Select Objects to trim: Kch chut chn phn

thng trn i tng cn b.
Bc 4:
Enter kt thc lnh.

Lnh Fillet
a. Chc nng
Lnh Fillet cho php chng ta bo trn gc nhanh
cho mt gc hay bo nhanh cho mt a gic theo mt bn
knh no .
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Fillet, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Chc nng Fillet trn thanh cng c

Modify.
Hay chn chc nng Fillet trn Menu

Modify.
Hay Command: G F
Bc 2:
Select first object or [Polyline/Radius/Trim]:

G T kim tra xem c ct b ng c
khng.
Enter Trim mode option [Trim/No trim]

<Trim>: Nu l Trim g Enter ngc li l
No Trim g Trim
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bc 3:

G R nhp bn knh gc bo.
Bc 4:
Specify fillet radius <10.0000>: Nhp gi tr

Bn knh.
Bc 5:
Command: Enter.
Bc 6:

Kch chn cnh th nht.
Bc 7
Select second object: Kch chn cnh th hai.

c.
Ch : Khi mun Bo tt c cc gc ca mt a
gic, sau khi thc hin xc lp bn knh ta g ch
P ri Enter.
Select first object or[Polyline/Radius/...]: p
Select 2D polyline: Kch chn a gic.

Lnh Chamfer
a. Chc nng
Lnh Chamfer cho php chng ta vt gc nhanh
cho i tng theo hai cch
b. Cch thc hin vt gc khi bit di hai cnh
s dng lnh Chamfer vt gc cho i tng
theo di ca hai cnh, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: Command G CHA (Enter).
Bc 2: Select first line or [Polyline/ Distance/

Angle/Trim/ Method]: Nhp D ch ra cch vt
gc l nhp vo khong cch hai cnh.
Bc 3: Specify first chamfer distance <10.0000>:

Nhp gi tr di cnh th nht.
3.
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Bc 4: Specify second chamfer distance

<10.0000>:
Bc 5: Command: G Enter.

Angle/ Trim/ Method]: Kch chut chn cnh th
nht.
Bc 7: Select second line: Kch chut chn cnh

th 2.
c.
Cch thc hin vt gc khi bit di mt cnh
v gc hp bi cnh vi cnh cn li
s dng lnh Chamfer vt gc cho i tng
khi bit di mt cnh v gc hp bi cnh vi
cnh cn li, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: G CHA (Enter).

Angle/ Trim/ Method]: G A ch ra cch vt
gc khi bit di mt cnh v gc hp.
Bc 3: Specify chamfer length on the first line

<20.0000>: Nhp di cnh.
Bc 4: Specify chamfer angle from the first line

<0>: Nhp gc hp bi cnh cn li vi cnh bit
di vt
Bc 5: Command: Enter li.

Angle/ Trim/ Method]: Nhp chut chn cnh th
nht.
Bc 7: Select second line: Nhp chut chn cnh

th hai.
VII. NHM LNH BIN I NG NT
1. Lnh PEdit
a. Chc nng
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2.
3.
Lnh Pedit cho php chng ta hiu chnh cc i

tng v bng PLINE hay cc i tng ng nt
khc.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Pedit, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: PE (Enter).
Bc 2: Select polyline: Chn i tng Polyline.
Bc 3: Enter an option [Open/ Join/ Width/ Edit

vertex/ Fit/ Spline/ Decurve/ Ltype gen/Undo]:
W: Enter -> Cho php thay i dy nt.
F: Fit -> Bin on thng thnh on cong.
D: Decurve -> Cho php bin on cong

thnh on thng.
Bc 4: Enter kt thc.
Lnh Extend
a. Chc nng
Lnh Extend cho php chng ta ko di mt u
i tng h ti mt ng gii hn theo phng c
sn ca i tng.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Extend, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G EX (Enter).
Bc 2: Select Objects: kch chut chn i tng

lm ng gii hn.
Bc 3: Select objects to Extend: kch chut vo

u i tng cn ko di.
Lnh Lengthen
a. Chc nng
Lnh Lengthen cho php ko di mt u i
tng h ti mt khong cch bt k theo phng c
sn ca i tng.
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b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Lengthen, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G LEN (Enter).
Bc 2: Select an object or [Delta/ Total/

Dyamic]: G DY (Enter).
Bc 3: Kch chut vo u i tng cn ko di

drag chut ti v tr cn t, sau nhp chut tri.
4. Lnh LTScale
a. Chc nng
Lnh LTScale cho php chng ta thay i tha
dy gia cc on trong nt c.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh LTScale, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G LTS ri Enter.
Bc 2: Enter new linestype scale factor: Nhp

gi tr t l cn thay i.
VIII. NHM LNH PHN CHIA I TNG
1. Lnh Explode
a. Chc nng
Lnh Explode cho php chng ta phn r cc i
tng a tuyn hay cc nhm block.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Explode, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G Explode (Enter).
Bc 2: Select Objects: Chn i tng (Enter).

2. Lnh Divide
a. Chc nng
Lnh Divide cho php chng ta nh du chia i
tng ra thnh n phn bng nhau:
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b.
Cch thc hin

s dng lnh LTScale, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G DIV (Enter).
Bc 2: Select object to divide: Chn i tng

chia.
Bc 3: Enter the number of segments or [Block]:

Nhp s on c chia.
c.
Ch :
thy c im chia, sau ki chia xong,

chng ta chn Menu Format, chn Point
Style, hp thoi xut hin chn mt kiu
im cn hin th.
truy bt im t bit l im chia, chng

ta phi xc lp chc nng Node, hay tn chc
nng im c bit l NOD.
IX. NHM LNH QUAN ST I TNG
1. Lnh Scale
a. Chc nng
Lnh Scale cho php chng ta thay i t l ca i
tng trn bn v.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Scale, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Command: G vo SCALE (Enter).
Bc 2:
Select objects: Kch chut chn i tng

cn thay i t l. Enter kt thc chn
Bc 3:
Specify base point: Chn im c s.
Bc 4:
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Trang: 57
2.
3.
Trang: 58
Specify scale factor or [Reference]: Nhp t

l cn thay i.
Lnh Zoom
a. Chc nng
Lnh Zoom cho php chng ta phng to thu nh
bn v trong lc thit k.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh zoom, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: Commang: zoom (Enter).
Bc 2: Specify corner of window, enter a scale

factor (nX or nXP), or [All/ Center/ Dynamic/
Extents/ Previous/ Scale/Window] <real time>:
Thit lp cc ty chn:
All: phng to quan st c tt c cc i

tng trong ca s thit k.
Extends: Phng to ti a c th c sao cho

cc i tng vn hin th va kht trong ca
s thit k.
Center: Phng to tt c cc i tng vn

hin th va kht trong ca s thit theo tm
c chn.
Lnh Viewres
a. Chc nng
Lnh Viewres cho php chng ta iu chnh tng
phn gii hin th hnh nh.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Scale, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G VIEWRES ri Enter
Bc 2: Do you want fast zoom? [Yes/No] <Y>:
Bc 3: Enter circle zoom percent (1-20000):

Nhp vo ga tr 20000 (Enter).
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
4.
X.
Thit lp t l bn v
a. Nhu cu thit lp t l bn v
Trong cc bn v c thit k, chng ta thy rng
khng phi bn v no cng u thc hin trn t l bn
v l 1:1. Bi l, c nhiu bn v c kch thc rt ln,
m c thit k trong nhng kh giy kch thc nh
hn nn buc phi thit lp li t l bn v cho ph hp.
b. Cch thc hin
thit lp ti l bn v, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Chn Menu Dimention, chn style, hp

thoi xut hin chn Override. Hp thoi xut
hin, chn th Primary Units. Nhp gi tr Scale
factor. Nu > 1: Phng to, ngc li l thu nh.
BI TP BNG V CHI TIT
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Bi Tp 1A:
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Bi Tp 1B:
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Bi Tp 2A:
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Bi Tp 2B:
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Bi Tp 3A:
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Bi Tp 3B:
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Bi Tp 4A:
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Bi Tp 4B:
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Bi Tp 5A:
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Bi Tp 5B:
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Bi Tp 6A:
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Bi Tp 6B:
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Bi Tp 7A:
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Bi Tp 7A:
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Bi Tp 8A:
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Bi Tp 8B:
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Bi Tp 9:
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M hnh vt th l mt th hin thc ca i tng trong

khng gian ba chiu. N ng vai tr rt quan trng trong qu trnh
thit k v pht trin sn phm.
M hnh ba chiu c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc khc
nhau,nh: C Kh, Kin trc, Xy dng, Trang tr ni tht, n c
ng dng ngay trong c cuc sng hng ngy.
Trong chng ny, chng ti mun gii thiu n cc bn
sinh vin cc m hnh vt th v cc lnh dng thit k m hnh
vt th trong khng gian ba chiu ca chng trnh AutoCAD. C
th, chng ta s tm hiu cc nhm lnh sau:
Gii thiu cc m hnh vt th:
Cc lnh thng dng trong to m hnh vt th
Quan st m hnh vt th 3D
M hnh b mt
M hnh khi rn
Cc php ton Boolean trong khi rn
To khi rn 3D t cc hnh 2D
Cc lnh hiu chnh khi rn
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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I.
GII THIU M HNH VT TH

Bn v chi tit l tp hp cc on thng v ng cong
(ng trn, cung trn, ellipse,) nm trong khng gian hai chiu
2D - mt phng XOY. Hay ni cch khc y chnh l cc th hin
hnh chiu ca vt th.
Trong chng ny chng ta s tm hiu mt cch tng qut
hn, l xem xt v thit k m hnh vt th ca i tng .
II. M HNH VT TH
1. M Hnh Khung Dy (Wire frame):
Khi quan st vt th, vt ch c cc cnh to thnh hnh,
cnh l cc an thng hoc cong, cn cc mt khng c
to nn m ch c ng bin.
M hnh ny ch c kch thc cc cnh nhng khng
c th tch v khng c khi lng. Ton b i tng ca
m hnh u c nhn thy.
2.
M Hnh Mt(Surface):
Khi quan st vt th, vt cng c cc cnh to thnh
hnh, nhng b mt c ph kn nn m hnh ny c th che
nhng ng khut hoc t bng b mt.
Trong m hnh ny vt th c th tch. Bn trong m
hnh mt hon ton trng rng nn khng c khi lng.
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3.
M Hnh Khi Rn(Solid):

Khi quan st m hnh ny, vt th trng cng rt ging
nh vt th trong m hnh b mt.
Trong m hnh ny, vt th cng c cc cnh, mt v
cc c im bn trong ca hnh. M hnh ny c cnh, c th
tch v c cc c tnh v khi lng.
III. TA IM TRONG KHNG GIAN BA CHIU

1. Ta Tuyt i:
Trong khng gian hai
chiu, chng ta ch xem xt vt
th vi hai kch thc di v
rng. Cn trong khng gian ba
chiu vt th c xem xt trn
trn ba kch thc chiu di,
chiu rng v chiu cao, bi c
thm s tham gia ca chiu cao
trc oz
Lc ny ta tuyt i ca mt im trong khng gian ba
chiu c k hiu nh sau: x, y, z.
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2. Ta Tng i:
Tng t nh trong khng gian hai chiu, trong khng
gian ba chiu, ngoi ta tuyt i ca mt im, cn c
thm ta tng i ca mt im.
c k hiu: @x, y, z
Chiu dng ca hai trc ox v oy th d dng c xc
nh. Cn chiu dng trc oz th sau? Chng ta s s dng
Quy tc bn tay phi xc nh chiu dng ca trc z da
trn chiu ca trc x v y.
Chiu ngn tay ci cha ra l chiu ca trc ox +
Chiu ngn tay tr cha ra l chiu ca trc oy+
Chiu ngn tay gia cha ra l chiu ca trc oz+
V d: p dng h trc to v hnh hp
Command: l
LINE Specify first point: 1,1,1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @10,0,0
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,6,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @10,0,0
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,-6,0
Sau khi dng h trc ta chuyn sang

khng gian 3D th hnh hp cn thiu 3 cnh
ng, ta tip tc dng lnh v 3 an cn li.
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IV. H TA TRONG KHNG GIAN BA CHIU

Trong khng gian ba chiu, mt bn v AutoCAD lun lun
tn ti hai h ta WCS v UCS, gip cho qu trnh thit k c
thun li v d dng hn.
1. H Ta WCS:
H ta WCS World Coodinate System l h ta
chun c nh ngha bi h thng. H ta ny tn ti
trong bt k bn v AutoCad, l h trc ta mc nh c
th gi l h trc ta gc.
Biu tng ca WCS lun nm gc tri di bn v
v c ch W xut hin trong biu tng ny.
2. H Ta UCS:
H trc ta UCS User Coodinate System l h toa
do ngi dng t nh ngha gii quyt cc kh khn
khi s dng mt s lnh hai chiu trong khng gian ba chiu.
H trc ny c th t v tr bt k v ty thuc vo im
nhn Vpoint, m chng s hin ln khc nhau.
Trong mt bn v chng ta c th thay i h trc ta
nhiu ln.
Mc nh h ta WCS lun lun nm trong mt
phng xoy, nh c h ta UCS, chng ta d dng hon
chuyn tm thi mt phng xoy sang cc mt phng khc.
chuyn i h ta UCS, ta thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Command: G ucs (Enter)
Bc 2: Enter an option [new/ move/

orthographic/ prev/ restore/ save/ del/ apply/ ?/
world] <world>: g 3p (Enter)
Bc 3: Chn ln lc 3 im ca h trc ta
Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: Chn im

th nht - Gc ta
Specify point on positive portion of x-axis :

im th hai: Mt im nm trn trc ox
Specify point on positive-y portion of the ucs

xy plane: im th ba: Mt im nm trn
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V.

trc oy (hoc mt im bt k thuc mt
phng to ).
tr v h ta WCS, ta thc hin nh sau:
Command: G UCS (Enter 2 ln)

QUAN ST VT TH TRONG KHNG GIAN 3D
1. S Dng Lnh VPoint
a. Chc nng
Lnh Vpoint cho php chng ta thit lp im nhn
dng quan st vt th trong khng gian ba chiu.
ng thi n cn l lnh dng chuyn i khng
gian nhn t hai chiu sang ba chiu.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Vpoint, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: G Vpoint (Enter).
Bc 2: Specify a view point or [Rotate] <display

compass and tripod>: Nhp ta im nhn.
Thng thng chng ta nhp: 1, -1, 1.
2. S Dng Thanh Cng C View
Su biu tng hnh hp t tri sang trn thanh

cng c View cho ta xem su mt hnh chiu ca
hnh v.
Bn biu tng hnh hp tip theo cho ta xem cc

hnh trong 3D theo bn hng nhn.
S Dng Thanh Cng C 3D Orbit
3.
T tri sang phi:
Pan: Di bn v
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Zoom: Phng to thu nh bn v

3D Orbit: Quay th cng quan st vt th.
3D Continue Orbit: T ng quay xung quanh vt
th khi c s tc ng ban u.
S Dng Lnh Viewports
a. Chc nng
Lnh Viewports cho php chng ta to cc khung
nhn tnh, bng cch chia mn hnh thnh nhiu khung
nhn, cc khung nhn ny c kch thc c nh. Lnh
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Vports, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Dng Menu View, chn Viewports
hoc Command: vports (Enter)
Bc 2: Xut hin ca s viewports
4.
Chn cch chia ti khung Standard viewports
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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Ti Setup chn 3D, cc khung nhn chuyn

qua khung nhn hnh chiu v 3D.
Ta c th thay i hng nhn ca tng

khung nhn khc nhau bng cch kch chut
vo khung nhn cn thay i chn hng
nhn Change view to.
Bc 3: Sau khi thc hin bc 2, ta c hnh sau:
Bc 4: Chn OK kt thc bc 3, th hnh v

s t ng b tr vo cc ca s v thch ng tng
hng nhn trong tng khung nhn.
VI. S DNG LNH TRONG KHNG GIAN 3D
Tt c cc lnh hc trong khng gian hai chiu u dng
c trong khng gian ba chiu, nhng ch mt s lnh phi
thay i h trc ta mi dng c.
Nhng lnh phi thay i h trc ta mi dng c nh:
Circle, Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon Bi v cc lnh ny lun
lun phi c v trong mt phng xoy hoc cc mt song song
vi mt xoy.
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Do tnh c th ring nn ngoi nhng lnh trong khng gian

hai chiu c k tha, cn c cc lnh dng ring trong khng
gian ba chiu to v bin i cc i tng ba chiu cng nh
chuyn i i tng hai chiu sang i tng ba chiu, chng ta
s xem xt phn sau.
Chc nng truy bt im: Trong qu trnh thc hin lnh
trong khng gian ba chiu, chng ta vn s dng c bnh thng
cc chc nng truy bt im c bit.
Ghi kch thc: ghi kch thc cho cc thnh phn trn b
mt no th trc khi ghi kch thc, chng ta phi chuyn h ta
UCS ln trn b mt mt phng xoy trng vi mt phng
cha i tng cn ghi kch thc.
VII. NHM LNH HIU CHNH I TNG
1. Lnh Rotate3D:
a. Chc nng
Lnh Rotate3D cho php chng ta quay mt hay
nhiu i tng quanh mt trc.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Rotate3D, chng ta thc hin
theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu modify, chn 3D Operation,

chn Roteted3D
Hay Command: G ROTATE 3D (Enter)
Bc 2: Select objects: Chn i tng cn quay.
Bc 3: Specify first point on axis or define axis

by [object/ last/ view/ xaxis/ yaxis/ zaxis/ 2points]:
Chn im th nht ca trc quay.
Bc 4: Specify second point on axis: Chn im

th hai ca trc quay.
Bc 5: Specify rotation angle or [reference]:

Nhp gc quay.
c.
Quy c:
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2.
Trang: 86
xc nh chiu ca gc quay, chng ta thc

hin nh sau: t mt ti im th hai (im chn
sau) ca trc quay nhn v im th nht (im
chn trc ca trc quay). Nu gc quay i tng
ngc chiu kim ng h l gc quay dng,
ngc li l gc quay m.
Lnh Mirror3D:
a. Chc nng
Lnh Mirror3D cho php chng ta ly i xng
hay sao chp i xng mt hoc nhiu i tng qua
mt mt phng.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Mirror3D, chng ta thc hin
theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Modify, chn 3D Operation,

chn Mirror3D.
Hay Command: G Mirror3d (Enter)
Bc 2: Select objects: Chn i tng sao chp.
Bc 3: Select objects: Chn tip cc i tng

khc cn sao chp (Enter).
Bc 4: Specify first point of mirror plane (3

points) or [object/last/zaxis/view/xy/yz/zx/3points]
<3points>: Chn im th nht ca mt i xng.
Bc 5: Specify second point on mirror plane:

Chn im th hai ca mt phng i xng.
Bc 6: Specify third point on mirror plane: Chn

im th 3 ca mt phng i xng.
Bc 7: Delete source objects? [yes/no] <n>: C

xo hnh gc khng?
Nu chn Yes (g Y) th hnh gc b mt i

ch li hnh mi sao chp i xng.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Nu cho No( g N) th hnh gc c gi li

v c thm hnh mi sao chp i xng.
Lnh 3Darray:
a. Chc nng
Lnh 3Darray cho php chng ta sao chp cc i
tng thnh dy trong khng gian ba chiu.
Chng ta c th sao chp i tng thnh dy
dng hnh ch nht - Rectangular hay theo ct columns, lp - levels, hoc nm chung quanh mt
ng tm Polar, cc i tng ny nm trong khng
gian 3 chiu.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Mirror3D, chng ta thc hin
theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Modify/3D Operation/3Darray

hoc dng lnh 3Darray ti ca s lnh nh
sau:
Command: G 3darray (Enter)
Bc 2: Initializing... 3DARRAY loaded.
Bc 3: Select objects: Chn i tng sao chp.
Bc 4: Select objects: Chn cc i tng khc
Bc 5: Enter the type of array [Rectangular/

Polar] <R>: Chn chc nng sao chp thnh dy
hay sao chp quanh mt ng tm.
Chn Rectangular: Sao chp dy: G R
Enter the number of rows (---) <1>: Nhp s

dng cn sao chp.
Enter the number of columns (|||) <1>: Nhp

s ct cn sao chp.
Enter the number of levels (...) <1>: Nhp s

tng cn sao chp.
3.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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4.
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Specify the distance between rows (---):

Nhp khong cch gia 2 dng.
Specify the distance between columns (|||):

Nhp khong cch gia 2 ct
Specify the distance between levels (...):

Khong cch gia 2 tn.
Chn Polar: Sao chp cc i tng quanh mt

trc - g P
.
Enter the number of items in the array: Nhp

s lng phn t cn sao chp.
Specify the angle to fill (+=ccw, -=cw)

<360>: Nhp gc cha tc c cc i tng
Rotate arrayed objects? [Yes/No] <Y>: C

quay i tng hng tm khi sao chp
khng?
Specify center point of array: Chn im th

nht ca trc quay
Specify second point on axis of rotation:

Chn im th hai ca trc quay.
Lnh thickness:
a. Chc nng
Lnh Thickness, cho php chng ta to dy
ng bin cc i tng 2D. Bng cch nh cao ta
c th ko i tng 2D theo trc Z thnh mt 3D.
b. Cch thc hin
s dng lnh Thickness, chng ta thc hin
theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Format, chn Thickness
Hoc Command: Thickness (Enter)
Bc 2: Enter new value for thickness <0.0000>:

Nhp con s th hin cao.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Ch : Khi nhp Thickness khc 0, nu dng cc

Lnh line, polyline, arc, polygon, circle v ta s
c cc mt c chiu cao l gi tr ca thickness
va nhp.
VIII. M HNH B MT
1. Nguyn L Hnh Thnh Cc Mt
Trong khng gian ba chiu, cc mt 3D c to thnh
bi 2 h ng sinh ang nhau:
Surftab1: ng sinh kinh tuyn, mc nhin l 6,

thng nhp li gi tr 20.
Surftab2: ng sinh v tuyn, mc nhin l 6,

thng nhp li gi tr l 20.
Khi gi tr ng sinh kinh tuyn v v tuyn cc ln th
b mt cn mn, bi khong cc cc ng sinh ny cng gn
nhau hn.
2. Mt Phng
a. Cu to mt phng
Mt phng c to ra t 3 im khng thng
hng. C khi mt phng cng uc to ra t 4 im.
b. Cch to mt phng
to mt phng, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Surface, chn chc

nng 3D face.
Hoc Command: 3DFace (Enter).
Bc 2: Specify first point or [Invisible]: Nhp

chut chn im th nht.
Bc 3: Specify second point or [Invisible]: Nhp

chut chn im th hai.
Bc 4: Specify third point or [Invisible] <exit>:

Nhp chut chn im th 3. Nu chng ta Enter,
lnh s to cho chng ta mt phng qua 3 im.
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3.
4.
Trang: 90
Bc 5: Specify fourth point or [Invisible] <create

three-sided face>: Nhp chut chn im th t,
lnh s to cho chng ta mt phng qua 4 im
Bc 6: Specify third point or [Invisible] <exit>:

G Enter kt thc lnh.
Mt Trn Xoay Revolved Surface:
a. Cu to mt trn xoay
Mt trn xoay c ta ra do 1 ng cong chuyn
ng trn quanh mt ng thng.
b. Cch to mt trn xoay
to mt trn xoay, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1:
V ng cong.
V ng thng.
Bc 2:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Surfaces, chn

Revolved Surface
Hay Command: revsurf (Enter)
Bc 3: Select object to revolve: Kch chut chn

ng cong.
Bc 4: Select object that defines the axis of

revolution: Kch chut chn ng thng lm trc.
Bc 5: Specify start angle <0>: Nhp gc quay

ban u . (Thng chn Enter)
Bc 6: Specify included angle (+=ccw, -=cw)

<360>: Nhp gc quay (Enter).
c.
Ch :
Nu ng cong c nhiu hn mt on cong, ta

phi v ng cong bng lnh Pline, lnh SPLine.
Mt Tr Tabulated Surface:
a. Cu to mt tr
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
5.
6.
Mt tr c to ra do mt ng thng c
phng v di khng i chuyn ng, mt u lun
t vo mt ng cong.
b. Cch to mt tr
to mt tr, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc:
Bc 1: V 1 ng thng. V mt ng cong.
Bc 2:
Chn Menu Draw, chn surfaces, chn

Tabulated Surfaces
Hoc Command: Tabsurf (Enter)
Bc 3: Select object for path curve: Nhp chut

chn ng cong.
Bc 4: Select object for direction vector: Nhp

chut chn ng thng.
Mt K Ruled Surface:
a. Cu to mt k
Mt k c to ra, do mt ng thng chuyn
ng mt u lun t vo hai ng cong h.
b. Cch to mt k
to mt k, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc:
Bc 1: V hai ng cong h.
Bc 2:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Surfaces, chn

Ruled Surface
Hoc Command: Rulesurf (Enter)
Bc 3: Select first defining curve: Nhp chut

chn ng cong th nht.
Bc 4: Select second defining curve: Nhp chut

chn ng cong th hai.
Mt Ghnh Phc Edge Surface
a. Cu to mt ghnh phc
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Mt ghnh phc c to, bi gii hn ca bn
ng cong, cui ng ny l u ng kia.
b. Cch to mt ghnh phc
to mt ghnh phc, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: V bn ng cong.
Bc 2:
Chn Draw, chn Surfaces, Edge Surface
Hoc Command: Edgesurf (Enter)
Bc 3: Select object 1 for surface edge: Nhp

chut chn ng cong th nht.

chut chn ng cong th hai.

chut chn ng cong th ba.

chut chn ng cong th t.
IX. M HNH KHI RN
1. Quy Trnh To Khi Rn
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
2.
Cc Khi Rn C S
L mt tp hp cc khi rn c bn nht, bao gm khi
rn ch nht (Box), khi rn nn (Cone), khi rn tr
(Cylinder), khi rn cu (Sphere), khi rn xuyn (Torus),
khi rn nm(Wedge). Khi to khi rn c s ta c th gi
lnh hoc dng menu Draw/Solids/cc tn khi rn.
a. Khi hp ch nht - Box
Khi hp c to trn nn tng l mt min hnh
ch nht lm mt y, mt y ny t trong mt phng
xoy, ngi ta dng theo trc oz mt cao l h.
to khi hp, chng ta thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Command: box (Enter)
Bc 2: Specify corner of box or [center] <0,0,0>:

Nhp ta nh th nht ca mt phng y.
Bc 3: Specify corner or [cube/length]: Nhp ta

im i din ca mt phng y.
Bc 4: Specify height: Nhp chiu cao ca khi.

b. Khi cu - Sphere
Khi cu c to ra bng cch cho mt min rn
l na ng trng quay quanh ng knh trc mt
gc 3600. Khi cu c c im, l bt k im no nm
trn b mt ca khi cu u cch tm I bn knh R.
to khi cu, chng ta thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Command: Sphere
Bc 2: Specify center of sphere <0,0,0>: Nhp

ta tm khi cu.
Bc 3: Specify radius of sphere or [diameter]:

nhp bn knh khi cu.
c.
Khi tr - Cylinder
Khi tr c to trn nn tng l mt min hnh
trn t trong mt phng xoy, ngi ta dng theo trc
oz mt cao l h.
to khi tr, chng ta thc hin nh sau:
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Bc 1: Command: Cylinder (Enter)
Bc 2: Specify center point for base of cylinder

or [elliptical] <0,0,0>: Nhp ta tm mt y
khi tr.
Bc 3: Specify radius for base of cylinder or

[diameter]: Nhp bn knh mt y ca khi tr.
Bc 4: Specify height of cylinder or [center of

other end]: Nhp chiu cao khi tr.
d. Khi nn - Cone:
Khi nn c mt y l mt min rn v nh l
mt im gia.
to khi nn, chng ta thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Command: cone (Enter)
Bc 2: Specify center point for base of cone or

[elliptical] <0,0,0>: Nhp ta tm mt y.
Bc 3: Specify radius for base of cone or

[diameter]: Nhp bn knh mt y khi nn.
Bc 4: Specify height of cone or [apex]: Nhp

chiu cao khi nn.
e.
Khi nm - Wedge:
Khi nm c xem nh l khi hp ct theo
ng cho v quay n li mt gc 900 .
to khi nm, chng ta thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Command: wedge
Bc 2: Specify first corner of wedge or [center]

<0,0,0>: nhp ta nh th nht ca mt y.
Bc 3: Specify corner or [cube/length]: Nhp ta

im i din ca mt y.
Bc 4: Specify height: Nhp chiu cao khi nm.

f.
Khi xuyn - Torus:
Khi xuyn c hnh dng nh mt chic phao bi
hay hnh mt ci rut xe. N c to ra t mt min
rn trn quay quanh tm I mt gc 3600.
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
3.
to khi xuyn, chng ta thc hin nh sau:
Bc 1: Command: torus
Bc 2: Specify center of torus <0,0,0>: Nhp ta

tm khi xuyn.
Bc 3: Specify radius of torus or [diameter]:

Nhp bn knh khi xuyn.
Bc 4: Specify radius of tube or [diameter]:

Nhp bn knh thit din.
g. Ch :
Khi v khi nn, khi nm, khi hp, khi tr phi
lu mt y ca cc khi lun nm trong mt phng
Oxy v chiu cao ca cc khi ny c to ra theo
chiu ca trc Oz.
To Khi Rn 3D T Cc Hnh 2D
a. Min - Region
Min l mt khi rn, phng, tuy nhin khi rn
ny khng c b dy, khng c khi lng v c to
t hnh 2D kn.
to min, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1: To hnh 2D kn bng cc lnh: circle,

rectang, PL, hay mt vng kn giao gia cc
ng thng, hoc cong.
Bc 2: Command: Region (Enter)
Bc 3: Select objects: Chn cc i tng, chn

xong g Enter.
b. Lnh Extrude
Lnh Extrude cho php chng ta to chiu su hay
chiu cao cho cc hnh 2D hay cc min rn thnh cc
khi rn 3D theo chiu trc Oz hoc theo ng dn.
s dng lnh Extrude, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Solids, chn Extrude
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Hoc Command: Extrude (Enter)
Bc 2: Select objects: Chn i tng 2d
Bc 3: Specify height of extrusion or [Path]: Lc

ny c 2 trng hp:
TH1: Extrude theo cao h.
Bc 3a: Ti Bc 3, nhp chiu cao cn Extrude.

Nu nhp gi tr >0 th phn dy s nm pha oz
dng. Ngc li dy s nm pha trc oz m
Bc 4a: Specify angle of taper for extrusion <0>:

Nhp gc vt, thng hay chn 0.
Ch : Chiu m dng ca gc vt ph thuc vo

chiu ca trc Oz. Khi nhp gc vt dng th
thit din trn ca khi nh hn thit din di ca
khi. Khi nhp gc vt bng 00 th hai thit din
trn di u bng nhau (vut thng).
TH2: Extrude theo ng dn
Bc 3b: Specify height of extrusion or [Path]:

G P (Enter).
Bc 4b: Select extrusion path or [Taper angle]:

Kch chn ng dn.
Ch :
Hnh dng 2D c to su lun lun

vung gc vi ng dn (Path ). Nu mt
trong hai nh ca ng dn khng nm
trong mt phng cha hnh dng 2D th
AutoCad tm di ng dn v tm ca hnh
dng 2D c ko vung gc vi ng dn.
Dng lnh Extrude ta c th to cc khi rn

c s nh: Box, Wedge, Cylinder bng cch
v hnh ch nht, hnh tam gic, hnh trn
sau dng lnh Extrude ln vi chiu cao
bng chiu cao ca cc khi v c gc vt 00.
c.
Lnh Revolve
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Lnh Revole cho php chng ta to nn nhng

khi rn 3D trn xoay t nhng min rn 2D, bng cch
xoay min rn 2D quanh mt trc.
to khi rn trn xoay t lnh Revolve, chng
ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Solid, chn Revolve
Hoc Command: Revolve (Enter)
Bc 2: Select objects: Chn i tng (Enter)
Bc 3: Specify start point for axis of revolution

or define axis by [Object/X (axis)/Y (axis)]: Nhp
ta im th nht trn trc quay.
Bc 4: Specify endpoint of axis: Nhp ta

im th hai trn trc quay.
Bc 5: Specify angle of revolution <360>: Nhp

gc quay.
Ch : Gc quay dng l gc quay ngc chiu

kim ng h nhn t u v hng cui trc quay.
Dng lnh Revolved ta c th to cc khi rn c
s nh khi cu (Shere) bng cch quay na
ng trn quanh mt trc l hai im ng knh
ca na ng trn vi gc quay l 3600, khi
xuyn (Torus) bng cch quay mt ng trn
quanh mt an thng (khang cch t tm ng
trn n an thng l bn knh R ca khi xuyn,
bn knh ng trn l bn knh thit din ca
khi xuyn) v nhp gc quay l 3600, khi
nn(Cone) bng cch quay hnh tam gic vung
kn quanh cnh gc vung 3600.
4. Cc Php Ton Boolean
M hnh khi rn c kt hp t nhiu khi rn c s
cng nh cc min rn khc nhau, gi l khi rn a hp.
kt hp cc khi rn c s ny ta dng cc php ton i s
Boolean: Cng(Union), Tr(Subtract), Giao(Intersect). Cc
php ton Boolean ny ch p dng cho khi rn.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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a. Php cng - Union
Php cng cho php chng ta cng hai hay nhiu
khi rn li vi nhau.
s dng lnh Union cng cc khi rn li vi
nhau, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1 :
Chn Menu Modify, chn Solid Editting
Hay Command: UNI (Enter).
Bc 2: Select Objescts : Kch chut chn i

tng th nht. Tip tc kch chut chn cc i
tng cn li, ri sau Enter thc hin lnh.
b. Php tr - Subtract
Php tr cho php chng ta tr mt khi rn (Khi
rn b tr) cho nhiu khi rn (khi rn tr) c giao
nhau.
s dng lnh Subtract tr cc khi rn vi
nhau, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1 :
Hay Command: SU (Enter).
Bc 2: Select Object: Kch chut chn i tng

b tr ri Enter.
Bc 3: Select Objects: Kch chut chn cc i

tng tr, ri g Enter thc hin lnh.
c.
Php giao - Intersect
Php giao cho php chng ta ly phn giao gia
cc khi rn c giao nhau.
s dng lnh Intersect ly phn giao ca cc
khi rn vi nhau, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc sau:
Bc 1 :
Hay Command: IN (Enter).

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Bc 2: Select Objects: kch chut chn i tng

th nht.
Bc 3: Select Objects: Kch chut chn i

tng th hai ri Enter thc hin lnh.
Cc Lnh Hiu Chnh Khi Rn
a. Lnh Fillet
Lnh Fillet cho php chng ta to gc ln cho
giao tuyn lm, v bo trn cnh cho gia tuyn li. Khi
thc hin lnh Fillet AutoCad t ng to thm khi rn
c s ph v s cng hoc tr khi rn c s ny vi
khi rn m ta chn giao tuyn to gc ln hay bo
trn. Bn knh cn bo phi nh hn di ca cnh.
s dng lnh Fillet, chng ta thc hin theo cc
bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: F (Enter)
Bc 2: Select first object or [Polyline/ Radius/

Trim/ mUltiple]: Kch chut chn giao tuyn cn
bo th nht.
Bc 3: Enter fillet radius: Nhp bn knh gc bo.
Bc 4: Select an edge or [Chain/Radius]:Nhp

chut chn giao tuyn cn bo tip theo, nu c.
b. Lnh Chamfer
Lnh Chamfer c dng vt mp cc giao
tuyn ca khi rn. Lnh ny s t ng to mt khi
rn ph v sau s cng hoc tr vi khi rn m ta
chn cnh vt. N s tr gip cho chng ta trong qu
trnh to m hnh khi rn, thay th cho cc lnh to
khi rn hnh nm, to khi nn ct. Khong cch cn
vt phi nh hn di ca cnh.
s dng lnh Chamfer, chng ta thc hin theo
cc bc sau:
Bc 1: Command: CHA (Enter).
5.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 99

Angle/ Trim/ Method/ mUltiple]: Nhp chut chn
mt cnh trn mt c s.
Bc 3: Base surface selection...Enter surface

selection option [Next/OK (current)] <OK>:
Enter ng chn mt c s.
Bc 4: Specify base surface chamfer distance:

Nhp di cn vt trn mt c s.
Bc 5: Specify other surface chamfer distance

<>: Nhp li di vt trn mt cn li.
Bc 6: Select an edge or [Loop]: Kch chut

chn li cnh ban u.
c.
Lnh Slice
Lnh Slice cho php chng ta ct ri khi rn
thnh hai khi rn ring bit theo mt phng ct. Lnh
ny dng to m hnh 3D c hnh dng c bit.
D s dng lnh Slice, ct khi rn ra thnh hai
khi rn ring bit, chng ta thc hin theo cc bc:
Bc 1:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Solids, chn Slice
Hoc Command: Slice (Enter).
Bc 2: Select objects: Kch chut chn i tng
Bc 3: Specify first point on slicing plane by

object/ zaxis/ view/ xy/ yz/ zx/<3points>: Chn
im th nht ca mt phng ct.
Bc 4: Specify second point on plane: Chn

im th hai ca mt phng ct.
Bc 5: Specify third point on plane: Chn im

th ba ca mt phng ct.
Bc 6: Specify a point on desired side of the

plane or [keep Both sides]: mun chn c 2 th g
B, mun gi li mt khi th dng tr chut kch
chut vo khi cn gi li.
Trang: 100
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
6.
Thit lp hnh chiu vt th trong khng gian 3D
Bc 1: V vt th trong khng gian 3 chiu:

V vt th gm:
Hnh Box: 100 x 60 x 80
Khi tr: Mid 20 80
Cng hai khi li
Ghi kch thc
Bc 2: Thm kiu nt Hidden vo lp v

vt th ti thanh Objects Properties:
Chn hp Linstyle, chn Other
Hp thoi xut hin chn Load
Hp thoi xut hin nhp vo thanh cun, cun
xung di chn kiu nt Hidden.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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Nhp chut xo ng bao quanh i tng.

i tng s bin mt
Bc 4: Thit lp ca s Viewports quan st

hnh chiu vt th:
Command: G Viewports ri Enter.
Chn kiu hin th. Chn Ok.
Trang: 102
Bc 3: Chuyn sang ch Mode trn thanh

trng thi:
Nhp chut chn chc nng Mode trn thanh trng
thi.
Hp thoi xut hin. Thit lp cc thng s cho
trang in. Chn Ok.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Command: Specify first corner or [Fit] <Fit>: G

Enter.
Bc 5: Chuyn sang ch Mode:
Chn chc nng Paper trn thanh trng thi.
Bc 6: Thit lp Profile cho ca s Viewports:
Chn Menu Draw, chn Solid, chn Setup, chn
Profile.
Nhp chut chn i tng trong mt ca s.
G Enter 4 ln.
Bc 7: Thit lp Profile cho ca s Viewports:
Thit lp tng t Bc 6 cho 3 ca s cn li.
Bc 8: ng tan bng Layer v vt th:
Kch chn Layer trn thanh Objects Properties.
Chn chc nng Freeze.
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 103
X.
Bc 9: Thc hin in n:
Chn Menu File, chn Plot.
Hoc nhn Ctrl + P.
Ra lnh in.
BI TP CHNG 4
Trang: 104
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tp 3D 1A:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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Bi Tp 3D 1B:
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tp 3D 2A:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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Bi Tp 3D 2B:
Trang: 108
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tp 3D 3A:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 109

Bi Tap 3D 3B
Bi Tap 3D 4A
Trang: 110
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tap 3D 4A
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 111

Bi Tap 3D 4B
Trang: 112
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tap 3D 5A
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Bi Tp 3D 5B:
Trang: 114
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tp 3D 6A:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Trang: 115

Bi Tp 3D 6B:
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tp 3D 7A:
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Bi Tp 3D 7B:
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tp 3D 8:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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Bi Tp 3D 9A:
Trang: 120
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
Bi Tp 3D 9B:
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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......................................................................................................... 1
I. TIU CHUN V TRNH BY BN V......................... 2
1. Kh Giy........................................................................... 2
2. Khung Bn V v Khung Tn .......................................... 2
3. T L Bn V .................................................................... 4
4. Cc Loi Nt..................................................................... 4
5. Rng Nt V ............................................................... 5
6. Qui Tc V Nt................................................................. 5
7. Ch Vit ........................................................................... 5
II.
TA ........................................................................... 6
1. Khi Nim......................................................................... 6
2. Ta Descarter.............................................................. 6
3. Ta Cc ...................................................................... 7
III. KHI NIM V CHNG TRNH AUTOCAD .......... 8
1. Khi Nim......................................................................... 8
2. Cc Yu T Hnh Thnh Nn Bn V AutoCAD ............ 9
3. c im Ca Chng Trnh AutoCAD ......................... 9
IV. CI T CHNG TRNH AUTOCAD.................... 10
1. Yu Cu Phn Cng ....................................................... 10
2. Phng Php Ci t Chng Trnh AutoCAD............ 10
V.
CCH KHI NG AUTOCAD................................. 11
1. Phng Php Khi ng Chng Trnh AutoCAD ...... 11
2. Ch .............................................................................. 12
VI. THOT KHI CHNG TRNH AUTOCAD ........... 12
VII. GIAO DIN CA S CHNG TRNH AUTOCAD 13
1. Mn Hnh Giao Din Thit K ....................................... 13
2. Cc Thnh Phn Chnh ................................................... 13
VIII.
CC THAO TC TRN TP TIN ........................... 15
1. M Mi Tp Tin ............................................................. 15
2. M Tp Tin C Sn ........................................................ 15
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TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
3.
IX.
1.
2.
3.
4.
X.
XI.
1.
2.
Lu Tp Tin.................................................................... 16
CC THAO TC TRN CA S GIAO DIN .......... 17
M Tt Cc Thanh Cng C .......................................... 17
Thay i Mu Nn ......................................................... 18
Thay i Biu Tng Con Tr ...................................... 18
Phng To Thu Nh v Di Di Bn V .......................... 19
CC BC THC HIN THIT K MT BN V 19
THIT LP TRANG IN V IN N ............................. 20
Thit Lp Trang In bng Lnh MVSETUP.................... 20
In n ............................................................................... 20
....................................................................................................... 22
I. GII THIU LNH TRONG AUTOCAD ....................... 23
1. Khi Nim....................................................................... 23
2. Cu Trc Lnh Trong AutoCAD.................................... 23
II.
NHM LNH TO HNH C BN ............................ 24
1. Lnh Line........................................................................ 24
2. Lnh Circle ..................................................................... 25
3. Lnh Rectangle ............................................................... 26
4. Lnh Ellipse.................................................................... 27
5. Lnh Polygon.................................................................. 28
6. Lnh Arc ......................................................................... 28
7. Lnh Pline....................................................................... 29
8. Lnh SPLine ................................................................... 30
III. NHM LNH TO VN BN .................................... 30
1. Lnh Text........................................................................ 30
2. Lnh MText. ................................................................... 32
IV. NHM LNH GHI K HIU VT LIU ................... 32
1. Lnh Boundary ............................................................... 32
2. Lnh BHatch................................................................... 33
V.
GHI KCH THC BN V ....................................... 34
1. Lnh Dimention.............................................................. 34
2. Mt s lnh lin quan n ghi kch thc ...................... 35
....................................................................................................... 36
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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I. NHM LNH XA I TNG ................................... 37
1. Lnh Erase ...................................................................... 37
2. Xo i Tng Bng Phm Delete ................................ 37
II.
NHM LNH NHN BN I TNG................... 38
1. Lnh Copy ...................................................................... 38
2. Lnh Move...................................................................... 38
3. Lnh Offset ..................................................................... 39
4. Lnh Mirror .................................................................... 40
5. Lnh Rotate..................................................................... 41
6. Lnh Array...................................................................... 41
III. NHM LNH TRUY BT I TNG .................... 43
1. Lnh Osnap..................................................................... 43
2. Lnh Ortho...................................................................... 46
3. Chc nng From to .................................................... 46
IV. NHM LNH QUN L I TNG ...................... 47
1. Lnh Layer...................................................................... 47
2. Qun L i Tng Bng Thanh Layer, Properties ...... 49
V.
NHM LNH LIN KT I TNG ...................... 49
1. Lnh Block ..................................................................... 49
2. Lnh Insert. ..................................................................... 50
VI. NHM LNH XN I TNG................................ 51
1. Lnh Trim ....................................................................... 51
2. Lnh Fillet....................................................................... 52
3. Lnh Chamfer ................................................................. 53
VII. NHM LNH BIN I NG NT ..................... 54
1. Lnh PEdit ...................................................................... 54
2. Lnh Extend.................................................................... 55
3. Lnh Lengthen................................................................ 55
4. Lnh LTScale ................................................................. 56
VIII.
NHM LNH PHN CHIA I TNG .............. 56
1. Lnh Explode.................................................................. 56
2. Lnh Divide .................................................................... 56
IX. NHM LNH QUAN ST I TNG.................... 57
1. Lnh Scale ...................................................................... 57
2. Lnh Zoom ..................................................................... 58
3. Lnh Viewres.................................................................. 58
4. Thit lp t l bn v ....................................................... 59
Trang: 124
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
X.
BI TP BNG V CHI TIT .................................... 59
....................................................................................................... 77
I. GII THIU M HNH VT TH .................................. 78
II.
M HNH VT TH..................................................... 78
1. M Hnh Khung Dy (Wire frame): ............................... 78
2. M Hnh Mt(Surface): .................................................. 78
3. M Hnh Khi Rn(Solid): ............................................. 79
III. TA IM TRONG KHNG GIAN BA CHIU. 79
1. Ta Tuyt i:.......................................................... 79
2. Ta Tng i: ........................................................ 80
IV. H TA TRONG KHNG GIAN BA CHIU...... 81
1. H Ta WCS:............................................................ 81
2. H Ta UCS:............................................................. 81
V.
QUAN ST VT TH TRONG KHNG GIAN 3D... 82
1. S Dng Lnh VPoint .................................................... 82
2. S Dng Thanh Cng C View...................................... 82
3. S Dng Thanh Cng C 3D Orbit ................................ 82
4. S Dng Lnh Viewports ............................................... 83
VI. S DNG LNH TRONG KHNG GIAN 3D ........... 84
VII. NHM LNH HIU CHNH I TNG................. 85
1. Lnh Rotate3D:............................................................... 85
2. Lnh Mirror3D: .............................................................. 86
3. Lnh 3Darray:................................................................. 87
4. Lnh thickness: ............................................................... 88
VIII.
M HNH B MT ................................................... 89
1. Nguyn L Hnh Thnh Cc Mt ................................... 89
2. Mt Phng....................................................................... 89
3. Mt Trn Xoay Revolved Surface:................................. 90
4. Mt Tr Tabulated Surface:............................................ 90
5. Mt K Ruled Surface: ................................................. 91
6. Mt Ghnh Phc Edge Surface ...................................... 91
IX. M HNH KHI RN .................................................. 92
1. Quy Trnh To Khi Rn................................................ 92
2. Cc Khi Rn C S ...................................................... 93
3. To Khi Rn 3D T Cc Hnh 2D................................ 95
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin
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4. Cc Php Ton Boolean ................................................. 97
5. Cc Lnh Hiu Chnh Khi Rn..................................... 99
6. Thit lp hnh chiu vt th trong khng gian 3D ........ 101
X.
BI TP CHNG 4 ................................................. 104
Trang: 126
TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Giao Trinh AutoCAD-R

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Giao Trinh AutoCAD-R

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TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TPHCM

TRUNG TM CNG NGH THNG TIN

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

Trong chng 1, chng ti mun gii thiu n cc bn sinh

Cc tiu chun v trnh by bn v

Khi nim chng trnh AutoCAD

Khi ng v thot khi chng trnh AutoCAD

Cc thao tc trn trn ca s giao din AutoCAD

Cc thao tc trn bn v AutoCAD

Cc bc thc hin thit k bn v

Thit lp trang in cho bn v

TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

TIU CHUN V TRNH BY BN V

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

Khung bn v c v bng nt lin m, cch

Kch thc v ni dung khung t ca bn v dng

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

T l nguyn hnh T l phng to

Nt lin m: Dng v ng bao thy.

Nt lin mnh: Dng v ng ging, ng

Nt t: Dng v ng bao khut.

TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

Nt lng: Dng v ng gii hn phn b ct.

Nt chm gch mnh: Dng v ng tm, trc.

TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

x, y c th l s nguyn hoc s thc. Nu l s

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

l: l khong cch t im ang xt ti

: l gc hp bi ng thng i qua hai

TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

AuotoCAD l mt phn mm trn my tnh chuyn

Cc lnh vc a truyn thng

on thng hoc ng thng.

ng trn hoc cung trn.

Cho php ghi kch thc.

Giao tip c vi cc chng trnh ha khc.

H tr lp trnh t ng ho bng cch s dng

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

Ram: 128 MB.

Hard Disk Space: 180 MB.

VGA Card: 8 MB.

Monitor: 15 -> 21 Inches.

Bc 1: Chy File Setup.exe t Source cha

Bc 2: Hp thai Setup xut hin chng trnh

Bc 3: Mn hnh Welcom xut hin chn Next.

Bc 4: Mn hnh Software license Agreement

Bc 5: Mn hnh Serial Number: Da theo

Bc 6: Mn hnh Persional Information: Nhp

Bc 7: Tip chn Next, Chn ng dn ci t,

Bc 8: Mn hnh Select Type: Chn kiu ci t

TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

Bc 9: Mn hnh Folder Name xut hin: Chn

Tuy nhin, ty thuc cc Version sau ny nh

TT Cng Ngh Thng Tin

Gio Trnh Ha K Thut - AutoCAD

Ennglish (feet and inches): n v v

Chn Menu Tool, chn Option.