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Tel No. 480-2232 / 09202881110

DEFINITION OF TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

sin A =

opposite
=
Hypotenuse

a
b

csc

A=

b
a

cos A =

adjacent
=
Hypotenuse

b
c

sec

A=

c
b

tan A =

opposite
adjacent

a
b

cot

A=

b
a

QUADRANTAL ANGLES

0o
90 o
180 o
270 o
360 o

sin
0
1
0
-1
0

cos
1
0
-1
0
1

II

tan
0
Undefined
0
Undefined
0

cot
Undefined
0
Undefined
0
Undefined

sec
1
Undefined
-1
Undefined
1

csc
Undefined
1
Undefined
-1
Undefined

cot

sec

csc

sine and cosecant

all functions

positive

positive

III

IV

tangent and cotangent

cosine and secant

positive

positive

SPECIAL ANGLES

sin

cos

tan

30o
45o
60o

1/2
2/2
3/2

3/2
2/2
1/2

3/3
1
3

3
1
3/3

2
2
3/3

23/3
2
2

45
60

__
2

1
2

1
90

30

90

__
3

45

FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITIES
RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES
cot

QOUTIENT IDENTITIES

_1__
tan

tan =

sin
cos

csc =

_1__
sin

cot =

cos
sin

sec =

_1__
cos

PHYTAGOREAN IDENTITIES
(sin2 ) + cos2 = 1
sin 2 = 1 cos2 or cos2 = 1- sin 2
tan2 + 1 = sec 2
sin2 + cos2 = _1_
cos2
cos2 cos
may also be written as:

tan2 = sec 2 - 1
1 + cot 2 = csc2
sin2 + cos2 = _ 1_
sin2
sin2
sin2
IDENTITIES FOR NEGATIVE ANGLES
sin (-) = - sin

cos (-)

SUM AND DIFFERENCE

cos (A B) =
cos (A + B) =

cos A cos B + sin A sin B

cos A cos B - sin A sin B

- cos

tan (-) =

sin (A B)
sin (A + B)

=
=

sin A cos B - cos A sin B

sin A cos B + cos A sin B

tan (A B)

_tan A tan B_

tan (A+ B)

- tan

_tan A + tan

B_
1 + tan A tan B
DOUBLE ANGLES
cos 2A = cos2 A - sin2 A
sin 2A
= 2 sin A cos A

1 - tan A tan B

tan 2A

HALF ANGLE
cos A
2
sin

A
2

Tan A
2
Tan A
2

=
2 tan A__
1 tan2 A
____________
_1 + cos A
2
___________
=
+
_1 - cos A
2
___________
=
+
_1 - cos A
or
1 + cos A
=
_sin A_
or Tan A
1 + cos A

PRODUCT
sin A cos B = [ sin (A + B) + sin (A B)]
cos A sin B
= [ sin (A + B) - sin (A B)]
cos A cos B = [ cos (A + B) + cos (A B)]
sin A
sin B
= [ cos (A - B) - cos (A + B)]

+
2

_1 - cos A
sin A