ngha cc t kho(key words)

trong Java
- FileReader : Lung nhp k t c d liu t file.
- BufferedReader : Lung nhp k t c d liu vo mt vng m.
- Method : l phng thc, l hm.
- final : Phng thc c tin t ny khng c khai bo chng cc lp dn xut.
- instanceof : Dng xc nh chnh xc mt bin hay Data member c phi c cp pht b nh theo 1 class
c th no cha?
- Dng instanceof so snh 2 Object c phi l cng mt loi (Type) hay khng?
- public : phng thc c th truy cp c t bn ngoi lp khai bo.
- protected : c th truy cp c t lp khai bo v nhng lp dn xut t n.
- private : ch c truy cp bn trong bn thn lp khai bo.
- extends : l khi mt lp con tha k t lp cha v b sung cc nng lc m lp cha khng c.
- implements : ngha s thi hnh, s thc hin, dng, dng c, phng tin, b sung.
- implements c s dng khi bn lm vic vi interface trong java.
- sau implement l mt interface. implement l khi thc hin cc hnh ng ca mt interface.
- ngha ca interface l cung cp nhng hnh ng m lp implements n phi lm, cn lm nh th no th ty
lp .
-Modal Dialog : S kha tt c cc ca s khc ca ng dng khi dialog dng ny cn hin th.
-None-Modal Dialog : Vn c th n ca s khc ca ng dng khi dialog dng ny hin th.
- t kho new : cp pht b nh trong java ta dng t kho new khi to i tng. i vi class th s thc
hin trong hm constructor nu c.
- nh ngha constructor: l mt hm c thc hin khi i tng(object) c khi to thng qua t kho(key
word) new. constructor l s xy dng, khi to i tng lp.
- constructor ch l mt method ca mt class. N c nhim v khi to cc bin trong class(nu mun), tn ca
constructor trng vi tn ca class v khng c tr tr v.
v d: class Name objectName = new className();
v d: class Ngi objectNguyn_Vn_A = new classNgi();
- Static : phng thc lp dng chung cho tt c cc th hin ca lp, c ngha l phng thc c th c thc
hin k c khi khng c i tng ca lp cha phng thc .
- void: khng tr v g ht nhng thc hin khi lnh.
- nextToken() : phn tch chui thnh nhiu phn, ly t phn u tin. vn m t 0. Cc phn ca chui c hiu
cch nhau bi 1 k t trng.
v d: String quote1 = VIZY 3 1/16;
st1 = new StringTokenizer(quote1);
System.out.println(Token0: + st1.nextToken()); cho ra kt qu l VIZY.
- Bin this : l mt bin n tn ti trong tt c cc lp trong ngn ng java. Mt class trong java lun tn ti mt
bin this, bin this c s dng trong khi chy v tham kho n bn thn lp cha n.

-super: dng khi lp k tha ca bn, mun nh lp c s (lp cha ) lm gip mt vic g .
-tomcat: l webserver h tr java.
- webserver : l my phc v chy web. my tnh m trn ci t phn mm phc v web. i khi ngi ta
cng gi chnh phn mm l webserver.
v d : ISS ca Microsoft chy *.asp, *.aspx,
Apache chy *.php,
Sun java System chy *.jsp,
- gridx, gridy : V tr ca khung li v hnh m ta s a i tng con vo.
- gridwidth, gridheight : kch thc hay vng trnh by cho cc i tng con.
- Insets: l mt bin i tng thuc lp Insets dng qui nhkhong cch bin phn cch theo 4 chiu trn, di,
tri, phi.
- weightx, weighty : ch nh khong cch ln ra tng i ca cc i tng con vi nhau.

t kha trong java

abstract
- Nu 1 phng thc c khai bo abstract: phng thc ny khng c ci t, vic ci t c thc hin bi lp
con ca lp cha phng thc abstract.
- Khi 1 phng thc l tru tng th bn thn lp cha n cng l tru tng
Li ch ca lp tru tng:: khai bo nhng tnh nng chung m chng ta cn s dng cho tt c lp con
- Khng th to instance (new i tng)cho 1 abstract classmc ch duy nht ca abstract class l cc lp
khc tha k n
v d: P/S: theo mnh hiu: tru tng tc l cha c r rngnn cn hiu chi tit hn bng cch tch n ra nh
hn>cc lp con V d ta c 1 class Animal c 2 phng thc eat() v sleep().. eat nh th no..sleep nh th
no th cha r c (v cha bit l con animal g)nn khai bo l abstractn khi c class con ca class Animal
ny: class Cat v class Dog..th lc class con Cat s nh ngha chi tit phng thc con mo eat nh th
no..tng t cho class Dog..2 class Dog v Cat u c chung cc hnh vi l ng (sleep) v n (eat) nhng cch ng
v n ca 2 con ny khc nhau nn nh ngha hm eat v sleep ca 2 class ny s khc nhau..
vic nh ngha hm eat v sleep t 2 class con Cat v Dog cho class cha Animal gi l overriding (ghi )..ci ny
lm mnh lin tng ti khi nim chuyn bit ha..t ci root m h chung chung..tch ra thnh cy con chi tit.

Sn tin ni n overloading (np chng ) lun nh. Theo mnh hiu overloading tc nhiu hm cng tn
nhng khc tham s truyn vo (s lng tham s, kiu d liu). Li ch ca np chng: th hin tnh a
hnh..1 hm c nhiu cch nh ngha..nm na l hnh x khc nhau ty tnh ung
V d: cng theo mnh hiu thi
..trong 1 class game_danh_nhau c hm tan_cong() nhng tn cng th no cn
ty tnh hung, nu ch th nh tay khng ta gi hm tan_cong() nu ch th nh kim ta cng gi hm tn cng
nhng cch tn cng khc i..ta cng phi cm kim..gi tan_cong(kiem)

Phn bit:: Override nhn mnh class chalp con ghi lp cha (cng tn hm, cng tham s, cng
kiu d liu) trng hp c th lp cha nh ngha ri (khng phi hm astract) nhng class con tn
tin hn..thm tha vo..ghi lp cha..>tnh m rng cn trng hp 2 l lp cha cha nh ngha..(hm

abstract)..nh v d class Animal pha trn.(bn C# ko c ghi thai mi vy..buc phng thc c ghi
phi l virtual)
overload: ko dnh liu g n lp chatnh hung no th gi hm ng vi tham s, kiu d liu ph hp

Interface: l 1 class ch gm thuc tnh v cc hm abstract c khai bo trc

- Mt lp thi hnh cc hm trong interface thng qua t kho implements.
- Mt lp c th implements nhiu interface.
- D khng khai bo t kho abstract, nhng mi hm trong 1 interface u c coi l abstract (tru tng)
- Cc bin trong Interface th phi l public, static hay final.
- Khng c khai bo private hay protected i vi cc bin v cc hm trong Interface v cc hm ny s c
vit li (overriden) trong lp thc thi n.
Mc ch: theo mnh l do tnh a tha k1 class con ko th c nhiu class cha nhng c th implements nhiu
interface..cc bn lm nhiu vi UI th s thy..1 class con k tha class TextBox n s c tt c thuc tnh chc
nng ca TextBox nhng n li c mi lin h vi 1 class khc..class nhn s kin xy ra trn giao din chng
hn..khi bn nh text vo TextBox ri nhn enter..thao tc nhn enter s do 1 class Listener no chu trch
nhim.. lm c nh vy bn s cn 1 class con ca class TextBox implements interface Listener (gi s vy)

final
S dng t kho final cm s k tha v ghi (tc khng c tnh k tha vi class khai bo final)..vi 1 class final
tt c fng thc ca n u l final. Mc ch: mun 1 class c nh khng mun c s m rng..bo tr sa cha
vo class
khai bo bin final: n l 1 hng

static
Nh bn bit mi khi mun thao tc vi mt i tng ta phi instance n t mt class m t n. Khi creat mt
i tng t mt lp th s phi mt vng nh dnh i tng . Mt i tng c th c rt nhiu fiels, method.
C khi no bn ngh rng ti sao phi khi to rt nhiu th khi m thc t t ch dng mt phn ca n (trch li 1
member trong JavaVietNam.org). Vi t kha static
ta dng ngay tn class.thuc tnh hoc tn hm m khng cn to instance.

Vi bin khai bo static c tc dng l bin ton cc cho tt c cc i tng ca lp , cn bin bnh thng l
bin cc b ca tng i tng. Mt i tng no thay i gi tr ca bin static th thay i cng nh hng
ti nhng i tng khc.
Vi hm khai bo static: ch c quyn truy cp n nhng bin thnh vin static v ch c th gi nhng hm thnh
vin static
Class khai bo static: Static class th ch cha cc hm v cc bin static
Lp static khc vi lp bnh thng l mi khi bn chy chng trnh l lp static c cp lun b nh Ram v tn
ti t sut lc chy chng trnh. Cn lp bnh thng l khi no bn s dng th chng trnh mi cp pht b nh
trn Ram
Bn bit l trong mt lp bao gm cc thuc tnh v phng thc. Ngoi ra trong lp cng c th cha mt lp
khc >gi l lp lng nhau. Tt c cc thnh phn c th c ca mt lp gi l cc thnh vin lp (class members).
im khc nhau gia static class v non-static class l khi to ra i tng mi, vi static bn khng cn phi c sn
i tng ca lp bao ngoi (outer class). Tnh cht ny cng ging nh bn bit vi thuc tnh v phng thc
static vy.
V d:
class A {
class B {}
}
th khi mun c object B, bn phi vit:
A a = new A();
B b = a.new B();
Nu B l static, bn ch cn vit
B b = new A.B();
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