SREENATH K.

S
BSc ELECTRONICS
E6
CAS,MALLAPPALLY

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION

SPINTRONICS
CANCER CELLS
PROPERTIES OF SPIN
DETECTION OF CANCER CELLS
POLARIZED ELECTRON SOURCE
SPIN DETECTORS
EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD
APPLICATION OF SPINTRONICS IN MEDICAL FIELD
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
An emerging research field in physics focused on spin-

dependent phenomena applied to electronic devices.

It is based on manipulation not only of the charge of
electrons, but also their spin, which enables them to
perform new functions.
brings out an innovative idea of extending the hands of
spintronics in MEDICAL FIELD, in the detection of cancer
cells even when they are very few in number in the
human body.

SPINTRONICS
Study of the role played by electron spin in solid state

physics, and possible devices that specifically exploit

spin properties instead of or in addition to charge
degrees of freedom.
An electron is just like a spinning sphere of charge.
It has a quantity of angular momentum (its "spin") and
an associated magnetism.
In an ambient magnetic field its energy depends on how
its spin vector is oriented.

SPINTRONICS
Every electron exists in one of two states;spin-up and

spin-down.
An electron can rotate either clockwise or
counterclockwise around its own axis with constant
frequency.
Two spins can be "entangled" with each other, so that
neither is distinctly up nor down, but a combination of
the two possibilities.

CANCER CELLS
somatic cells which are grown into abnormal size,have

different electromagnetic pattern when compared to

normal cells.
most cancers begin with abnormal cells growing out of
control, forming a lump that's called a tumor.
the longer the tumor goes unnoticed, the greater the
chance that the cancer has spread. This makes
treatment more difficult.

CANCER CELLS
Tumor developed in human body, is removed by

performing a surgery. Even if a single cell is present after

the surgery, it would again develop into a tumor. In
order to prevent this, an efficient method for detecting
the cancer cells is required.
With Spintronics we introduce a new method for
detecting the cancer cells after a surgery. This accurate
detection of the existence of cancer cells at the
beginning stage itself ensures the prevention of further
development of the tumor.

PROPERTIES OF SPIN
The spin of an electron has a great dependence over an

external magnetic field.

Polarization of spin of electrons is possible so that the
spin of all electrons orient in a particular direction.
The electron spin can be detected by using devices like
polarimeters.
The electron spin can be controlled electrically just with
the application of few volts.

DETECTION OF CANCER CELLS

The following setup is used for the

detection of cancer cells in a human body:

Polarized electron source
Magnetic field
Spin detector

Polarized electron source

A beam of electrons is said to be polarized if their

spins point on average in a specific direction.

requirement:
Photoemission from negative electron affinity GaAs
Chemi -ionization of optically pumped meta stable
Helium
An optically pumped electron spin filter

Polarized electron source

A spin filter is more efficient electron polarizer which uses an

ordinary electron source along with a gaseous layer of Rb.

Free electrons diffuse under the action of an electric field

through Rb vapour that has been spin polarized in optical

pumping.
Through spin exchange collisions with the Rb, the free

electrons become polarized and are extracted to form a

beam.

SPIN DETECTORS
The spin polarization of the electron beam can be

analyzed by using:

Mott polarimeter
Compton polarimeter
Moller type polarimeter

SPIN DETECTORS
Typical Mott polarimeters require electron energies of

~100 keV.
Mini Mott polarimeter uses energies of ~25 keV,

requiring a smaller overall design.

The Mini Mott polarimeter has three major sections: the

electron transport system, the target chamber, and the

detectors.

EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELD

The magnetic field is applied after the surgery has

undergone.
First, it is applied to an unaffected part of the body and

then to the surgery undergone part of the body.

The magnetic field could easily alter the polarization of

electrons.

APPLICATION OF SPINTRONICS IN
MEDICAL FIELD.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
MOTTPOLARIMETER

HUMAN BODY

OPTICALSPINFILTER

PROCEDURE
After surgery and the removal of the tumor, the patient is

exposed to a strong magnetic field.

Now the polarized electron beam is applied over the

unaffected part and spin orientation of electrons are

determined using polarimeter.
Then the same polarized beam is targeted over the affected

part of the body and from the reflected beam, change in spin
is determined.

SPIN ORIENTATION OF THE UNAFFECTED PART OF THE BODY:

APPLYING MAGNETIC FIELD

When the magnetic field is applied to the unaffected

part of the human body, the normal somatic cells

absorbs the magnetic energy and retains it.

DETERMINING THE SPIN

ORIENTATION
When the electrons get incident on the cells the

magnetic energy absorbed by the cells alters the spin

orientation of the electrons.
These electrons get reflected and it is detected by the
Mott polarimeter.
The change in spin orientation of the electrons is
measured as Sx.

SPIN ORIENTATION OF SURGERY UNDERGONE PART OF THE BODY:

APPLYING MAGNETIC FIELD

The cancer cells which are present, if any, will absorb

more magnetic energy than the normal cells since they

differ in their electromagnetic pattern

DETERMINING THE SPIN

ORIENTATION
Now an electron beam which is polarized is incident on

the surgery undergone part of the body.

The magnetic energy absorbed by the cancer cell alter
the spin orientation of the electron beam.

DETERMINING THE SPIN

ORIENTATION
Since cancer cells absorb more magnetic energy, the

change in orientation caused by them are also more.

If no cancer cells are present the amount of change is

equal to the previous case.

The change in spin is measured by the polarimeter as Sy.

INFERENCE
If Sx=Sy
If Sx not equals Sy

CONCLUSION
The usage of electron spin in the cancer cell detection

provides way for the entry of spintronics in medical

field. The approach suggested in this paper acts as an
efficient way of cancer cell detection after surgery
thereby preventing the further growth of tumor cells.

REFERENCES
WWW.PHYSICSWEB.COM
WWW.QUINON.COM
WWW.JLAB.ORG
WWW.EBAY.COM

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