Professional Documents
Culture Documents
مدى التزام مكاتب التدقيق في دولة الكويت بالإجراءات التحليلية المنصوص عليها في معيار التدقيق الدولي - محمد عايش عيد المطيري
مدى التزام مكاتب التدقيق في دولة الكويت بالإجراءات التحليلية المنصوص عليها في معيار التدقيق الدولي - محمد عايش عيد المطيري
مدى التزام مكاتب التدقيق في دولة الكويت بالإجراءات التحليلية المنصوص عليها في معيار التدقيق الدولي - محمد عايش عيد المطيري
()$
(%
*
+!
+ 1 0! % /+ + ,-.
03 2+! +
%+3 )
2011 /4
67
!
"
# "$ "%& '"( '")* +
) +,
*
*&.
:+/
:9
2011/5/28 ::
; )
3* /
.+
+
6 51* 2* / 3*4 +
! # . /
.7* 1( 7& 89 : )
;
7*! ' =<
6( 1 * >
*
?
)
8?@ !
A . !
) 8 1
A
'
E
& 2. '
C.6 3* B
D 2*?@.B*
A
) 8) 2*! '2* 6 ) "
3
C.6
E 8 2, 2*
.1
F
, , G? 8?! =
* !
8
) 1
A )
.8 *) /
! 8?! . 7.)
1)I
3*
I 8) + / 1)
.
*
89I 1& J =
! "* *%
C.6
6
'* # *4 3* +%
& ? " #9K 89I
8) .... ", 8)
A '
A ,
1)E
1
8) ....
G %,
4 I IE 3E
.6 L? *
6 + 1&
!
L
! <
=*
!7
@
,
,
A
)
6
G 6D
9 %,
:*
OI*
A 151
&*%
*) 251
6 351
B
6 451
"?
! 551
651
"
751
%
D "@
851
> 07
;+ + &? %
11
(
D 152
37
A "
252
46
A "
35252
@> 07
;%
49
P& 153
49
L 253
49
353
49
=
453
50
= "K 4 553
51
53
154
53
P% 254
53
=
"K
I 354
54
O%4I 454
61
"
I 554
72
"?
@
I 654
BC 07
A< )
109
P% 155
113
114
L
119
9
D
0
54
154
54
@( )
L
254
55
354
56
454
56
554
57
=
I
L
654
58
754
58
"
&
L
854
59
954
60
,
) )
,
) 1E R
1054
& 2
8 ! ** "G
D O4I
60
"
&
L
1154
62
1254
, 8
I S) ,
G
8, 1 8
6 &
1
65
1354
, *4@ "
IF S) ,
* 89I 1 K
6 &
1
68
1454
1554
71
1654
&
1
, " ,
** "G
D %
.(A!
) 6
73
1754
520
74
1854
** "G
V ,
) R
(")
I P%
1954
2054
2154
2254
1&%
X F Y Q ,9
I
2354
79
1&%
X F Y @( )
,9
I
2454
84
1&%
X F Y =
I
!
R
I
2554
88
2654
1&%
X
89
1&%
X F Y "
&
!
R
I
2754
91
,
"G
E ,
) !
!
R
I
2854
(
I ,
) )
F) R **
93
"G
E ,
) %4E F
".
!
R
2954
"G
D
I ,
) 1D) R ** ,
(**
96
3054
100
3154
3254
3354
!E <
!7
119
D
!
F
(1) *
!
(520)
% $
&% ' !
()$
(%
*
C
"* ")
! " A,
1 R
3E
"!
6
!
I
3* B
"!
6 ) '** "G
D OI 520
! ** "G
D 1
I ",
3* '") ! A,
8, ** "G
D
.")
P% "
.") ! " A,
3* F *
1
,
*
,
* I *
! 8) ** "G
D 1
I 1 2 3E
"
) .,
G&E *
! L@
8) &
I 1 '*4@ "
IF
1
I ",
'** "G
D ! !
K) 1
I 1 2
.6
1&, 1
/ & A,
"F % G
X %4E F
".
!
3E
P% "
)
=
I @( )
&6 4I "
:
By
Mohammed Ayesh Al-Mutairi
Supervisor
Dr. Modar Ali Abdullatif
03 07
+ %
. ; 121
.<+G + ) 221
.+ .G 321
.+ ( .G 4121
.+ * 521
.+ ! 621
.+ ! 721
.< 7 821
03 07
+ %
; 121
". ) 2*K
( =
I =
@ !
) 16 ,
& "(
2
Q) .
I " ,
=
4
A 1%A K
! &*
F 1 ')
* AA L? 1%A 9 4 !
! &*
F 1 # ': 9 "*
" ,
)Z
.AF " !
F =
A )
)
"$ G
E
,
4 AK
A! =
I " ! ,
& "&
,
8$ 3E R
. 8) ' * R 3*
4,F "
K)
& Q9!E
1 I
=
I 86Z 3*
. 4I 1) * +9?! '
F 8* CF
.,
'
A
E ! 6.@ ,
* I ! ** "G
D 1
I[ )
7. 'R
I ,
"G
E R
", I !
\
.(1997 '4,),
* E ! ** "G
D 1
I 6
=
D 4I I 8 ** "* 1
I E
'
"A K
"
16
G
3* ,
$ 8 2 B*I
A
L R 3*
R 3* G
! 6
1* "F 8I
6 (9 '* "A &A 8 # '&.
!
OI 8) ** 1 8) "
@ # '@*I
'
4,F "
( J4 8K '"
( "A R
I 1* ! 84
'=&)* '4
& '"* # '"?
'G4D "A
.(2008 '
4) (=
I ( "
:<+G + ) 122
8K ' ,
< 1 ,
"$ L? S
) *
E
F )! '!
:
1
,
"$ L ! 3* =
A !
! 8
.6 ) L ) &@
"$ C.6 1A
A ,
1
I 1%A* 2A,
! ,
*
F 'SA .6 !
1)\* L?I F & ) ,
* 1
D 8K[
C.6 &* B
\
=
,
8;,
I\ "
** "G
D
] ',
* 4I
7. '+ & * 8) OI
! C
[ &) 7. =G@) ,
'4,) ,
* G
! =G@) A ,
L B) 8,Z
"G
D !) ")
! " A,
1 R
8 8$ 6
K .(2007
.520
! =
**
: /H+
+ ) D
^2!
! 1&%
X F % *F :* "
& ,9 76 86 5
^2!
! 1&%
X F % "
& ,9 76 86 5C
! 1&%
X F %
I ) ,
)
,9 76 86 5
^2!
%
) & ) ,
) 1E ,9 76 86 5
^2!
! 1&%
X F
^2!
! 1&%
X F %
,9 76 86 5N
^2!
! 1&%
X F % * 86$ ,9 76 86 5
! 1&%
X F % 8, & =
& 8 ,9 76 86 5
^2!
F % &
8 ,
) ! *
,9 76 86 57
^2!
! 1&%
X
:+ .G 123
! ,
) 1 R
S? 8 & !
6 )
.& (520) 1,
,
! &* O4 ** "G
D ")
1
,.2*! =G@) @*I &
I 1
A ) 7* 1, ! >
K S?
,
) 8A
! +
*
, 8 16 3* )
"
( O4
7. '** "G
D OI 520
G
X 6 3E !?D ',
@(
& .I
! & 8
8 ) "
:K
) 3 .
S? .6 OI ! A,
! *
=
8
< R &@(
Z ,
) 1,
6
) .&* ! ** "G
D OI 520
1
I OI
S? ! "?I # 1*
3*
"
=
!
.1 8) R
I
8
")
! 520
+ ( .G 124
5: B
6 A 3E
C.6 3
520
"* ")
! " A,
1 R
51
.** "G
D OI
A,
8, ** "G
D !
I
3* B
52
.** "G
D ", 16 3* B
") !
:+ * 125
:
"?
@ J4 1
*) 3* G`
:13 *7
"G
D OI 520
"* ")
! ,
) F :H01
:
@ "?
@ 3 ?
@ S
@.**
:13 7 *7
* I *
! ** ,
")
! ,
) F :H0
.,
%
I ) ,
)
,9
F :
@ ?
@
.1&%
X F
) & ) ,
) 1E ,9
F :
@ ?
@
.1&%
X F %
.1&%
X F %
,9
F :K
@ ?
@
.1&%
X F % * 86$ ,9
F :
@ ?
@
% 8, & =
& 8 ,9
F :=
@ ?
@
.1&%
X F
,
) ! *
,9
F :=
@ ?
@
.1&%
X F % &
8
:+ ! 126
.")
! ,
) ! 520 ,
!
,
* ")
! ,
) !) 8 : ! 51
.+ 4I ** "G
D
'+
.2011/5/152010/10/1 , =
@ !
E 1 : ! 52
:+ ! 127
.=
J =
,
) A*
"
*,
.,
) A,
", ?
(
" L 4
:!
A
J ",9 "*A # ** "G
D ? ) '
J "*
'=
A@)"1&
A , > @*I 7* R
I %9 "*
A
.(520 1,
,
(4)
> 07
;+ + &? %
:&? % 122
.
D ( 12122
.
C+ ! 22122
.! 7 32122
.! ( 42122
.! G 52122
.! C+ +G 62122
.
%C ! 72122
.! 82122
.! C+
0! 92122
.! 1
! 102122
.03 %C ! 112122
.! %C 122122
:;+ + 2 22
. + 12222
. 3 + 22222
.;+ + D ! + 32222
10
> 07
;+ + &? %
! G` '
S? 8
&(E ! 84@ .6 B
& 8K
"
C.6 "
,
, &E "*4 P% ' '
'* "
:, 3E 84@ .6 1A 'A *
)! %6 3*
.
*) * 'S? 8 ) .
(
D 21
OI 8) )
1 # '
S? *4 ". A (#) "
22
&!9I R
'&
L, '&% 16 '"
7* B
6 3*
.+
4 &?
, '"
7* 6 '&!9I
&? % 2122
'? 8) &A %
A
L & ( * 6 ,
C.6 ! R
7.
4,F #
P% *
"G
D
b? . B
3E 7. 84 =
A
P%
! &* @
B
6 3E
,
& 1A I
O '1999 '?A).16 ?
) &
G6
KZ F 6
(13
2E B? ) ' "** 84F 1( 8
3E B
& F ,
E
* 8K ,
' "*
I ,
K 84 *
9 A B
& 7. G@F 3* 1A "* O!
" Q) ?
? A! "
11
1&
B
3E
.6 84E =
? L " 7*
I
6
! & "* C.6 =
R
%&
A 3* B, 1) 3*
!
4,F "
A .I B
& " 7* 3*
F R
.(14 O '1999 '?A) . ",
=
4
A*
:(
)
4A
,
*
:(
,
)
4A '
*
*
* (OI) 8
( ' )
,
=
4
.(http://www.omandaily.com) '& N4!D 8,
:
D ( 12122
" 4
)Z :&6 ,
B
6
76
"
6
3*
!
G
E &*
F R
O
! 8*A J GI "9
!
, B)
L? 3* =
D =
=
*I
,
)Z 89I GI )
? G
!
%
=
D "
A .I "
I ,
4,F I ! R
I ) "& =
@ 34, A
4,F "
* G
1A & &!
6.@
.(15 O '1999 '?A)
4,
12
C+ ! 22122
3* 84* 9 A "
I
** "G
D *
]
! 1%A
4
A A R
A 3E B
& 6 '"KD %
,
.
4 Q@ ,
&, A G?
&) 7. ,
8;,
I\ "
K) ** "G
D
] )
B) 8,Z 7. '+ & * 8) OI
! C
[
.(2007 '4,),
* G
! =G@) A ,
L
'
A
E ! 6.@ ,
* I ! ** "G
D 1
I[ )
6
7. .R
I ,
"G
E R
", I !
\
6
", ! ,
"* 2 .,
* E ! ** "G
D 1
I
! L
1 % ! 8 &*
A "
1 I? *)
8! %?A R
A,
2 ) '&%
@*! 8 "(
%
A "KD
L !)
J ,
*
*A 8 .
,
&
#K
&* "KD
3* ,
84 . 1%A
4 A*
)
& =
4 &* B
,
)
8 G
,
:8 ) ,
"G
E G
(A *
http://almohasb1.blogspot.com Analytical):**
.=
4
"* 84@ ,
.&
J "*A O! & "6F * ** ,
13
! L? 1K '2A,
1 . S
L, L &
A =
,
"G
D "G
W) ** "G
D "
, .& A* "G
E
& ,
Q) . B
&
8I
=
F =
4
,
AICPA )
L &?
"G
D ,
3* 520
O # .IFAC *
** "G
D
, ' ,
* * =
( ' I 8
! **
.(http://www.jps-dir.comAccountants Directory JPS, )R
I 8
! ?
* 8) ! +% 8
% @
=
@ ,
"A 6 ** ,
:(http://www.acc4arab.com)* 1& .E'
14
,
=
),
"[, L
!
*\ 1A
A\ &9I 1 ) '
.(1988 '(56) 1,
15
((.,
", L
!
* 1A
A &9I 1 ....
J "
.(http://www.jps-dir.comAccountants Directory JPS )
8* :6
e\ ) 5 ** "G
D B
& E
3* )
* ,
: ",9 7* 3* B
' 1%A " ",9
.1%9 ,
P
14 ,
* I !
\ '&4!
) ,
"
I S
G ! ;I
"** G9\ 4 A
"KD
L 6$
\6
"G
D C.6 ? ."@
1
)Z =
4
:(2000 'S
)
:
A 8 R
If *! "*
A * 8K\ 6 :03 !
"
! =
@
"* L =Z* "*
A\ 51
.(A! 8*) A
, P% * "* L =Z* "*
A\ 52
."$
A "
!
&
M. L &A
: '&?
"* P% ,9
53
.=Z =
I 3* +G 2 $* 8,
16
@*)
A\ 8K G9\ R
I
J "* L "* ,9
55
. @(
L "
*@ "* ! "*A "!
F
3*
6 :
> !
B
& "[*A "!
F 7*
6 6 1A '
A 8 R
I "*
*4@ "
I G
E ! Lg R
A '"* C.6 ! ,
AK R
.2
R
I
8*
1A* =
%! ,
"
K) =
** ,
*
I *
! &G
E 1
I ) 2 ) ' "6F "F
"
1%9 R &%D &
4,F =
"* !
#
A ! =
3E **
* 2
I ,
B
& O@ )
http://almohasb1.blogspot.com ** ,
:8 )
:(Analytical
.C
I 1A 8 1&! *
51
.*4@ "
IF *
52
.
A
8, %& "G
D *
53
:! G 52122
' 8* 8K ?
%4E "
1
I ! ** "G
D 8K
:"
C.& B
* ! "
$ 8*
F 8* 3E !?D CF 8*
17
: + 0!
4 '&6 8* "
1
, 8*
] "
"FF
G@?E B
&
A 1%A ! =
6(
4 1,
3*
&Z B
) '1%A C.& =
" 3* 6 R: ".
4 ,9
1A 8K
Ih 8K 6
: ,9
.(52O '2005 '
8
) "R
I
4 =
IX
4
4 =
:,/ 0!
8* =
6 + ** "G
D 8I
K) CF 8*
"
1 2 8* )
A =
! 89I
4
4
! "
:
.(2007 ' ) " =
4
Z A =
4
A 3*
:
<! +3
* ** ,
* !
I %4D
K)
.
7.
4
A 1A 1
I .
F
.(8A
:) R
I "
'(L
:) 2A 3* 1)
=
%
: $ &! 1 %4E A
=
6
+%
'R
I % "
: ", 1, 3* +
% "
:
!
:* +%
+ 8A
: !
: ) 3 ,9 3*
*@
4
2
A L
: A $ ) 7. .L
:
!9I & Z A "@*I .W! .F 1 FA ) .E 3* 1) L
F
+ 76 B
.%
' 1%A
!
=
6( *@ A
)
18
L
)
& O4I 1A 7. .6 !
6 GI
+
)
. .6 O! !
L 6
: ,9
F
F
E
1K '? "
@ ! & 8) 6.IZ 1A ! # .8A
Ih
.6 89I L '&
F ,9
?
M. L?
0;+ J
4 B
4
"Fh
"
=
J
=
L
"
)
RA B
4
"Fh
"
&! L
: A $ ,
L
4
F
89I
.W! AA A L C.6 2$
A 1K '8A
:* , F
L?I
4 A* R
I "
IF
19
.
4 .6 8 ,
! &
J +
) +!9I
.E ',
*
.(56O '2008 '
, '?A)2E & 2G
E
:)H 0!
' 1%A &? " ",9
A "
$ 8* 8K"
Q@ ! 8 "& ",9
A
J " "
A
8K (1 1 8* + 2E
.) "
$ 8* 3*
I 8K '4
% 84 E 3E % =
4 ! E " =
4
!)
!
,9 )
G9
K) "
D 8*
'"
D E 3E
.(2007') "
A b? 8) $* *A 1 "
: ! C+ +G 62122
:(1999 '2) ** "G
D 1
I 16
:I! K%C % ! 0 0G %
K + 51
,
* ! 2\
I ,
I
A ,
L 3
,
9
+ K! '8 8 F
+ 1d&@ 2
F ',
"G
E ",
. ! ! =
3* 7. 8
, b
8 ! +
+?@I 7\6
.I 1A ,
1& 2* ',
8 )
2! 8
& Dun 8K ")
1A # " 3* 84 @) O4I
"* L
IX
Bradstreet, Robert Morris Associates
C.6 G
"k
1A .8 "%! ! &@4 ")
BFh
20
21
8K ')
3* G
(
1%
A =
4
,
.(Accountants Directory JPS, http://www.jps- dir.com2007)
: M C+
9 0 ; 2
" C.6 ,
R
!
J " 1
I !
8K #
" ! 1*
E
A
J ) 9
3*
F 7. 8K
(9
x * 1*
E ) 1
I
.(http://www.jps-dir.comAccountants Directory JPS,2007 )
22
@I L '@
\ )* A 3E 8 *
.(1999 ')
F 3* )
=
[, Z
) 7
,
*
: 1%A ! ) "@
3E =
D
: <;
! 7! G %C3 1 (
K + 53
" * " ,
J "!9I ,
"*A l =
&E
\ "!9IF C.6 W! '
A * !
I\ R
I
") .E 7. "@I GI
6 "*A C.& *
.
J
#
6 2@ LA\ &
,
3* 2W! =
)
J "*A
7)
O4I
A ,
1, 9
+ K .@I ZI Q 8A
4,
&
A ! Q@ L *
E 3E &*4 !
7
K
# '
8
!
23
4
3* AP ** "G
D .@ ") .E 8K 8 3* ." =
4
1( 7. '(", ) ?
\ +
A S!
Z 8K
:4
.2! AK* 8, 8* ,
" =
4
"*A
&( &%
P F
7. ' &, ! ** "G
D .@ 1
7. R
$ ' =
) @I
) ZI
8
24
3* S9F L
* b
A C.6 " =
S
1%,
." =
89I 1%A !
:
:! 82122
,
2? . B
& 3* ** "G
D 14
I B,
&! 7)
O4I ) .E !
L 6 B
& ) .E 9K!
" ,
1
I 8 W! 'F 1 +%9
.E 1A ** "
IF 14
,
3* .G9
.(206O '
)A ",9 ")
@ ") .E
A ,
L ) ; K
9*
A
,
25
26
27
A
*
I! '8 " Q 3* =
,
1A
L &
A ,
) =
!
,
&(
8
8 "
.
!
! *
m A
,
2 . 79&F , L 79&9 +
!
* 1A
A
=
@
! 79&9 *A K 84 @*) 3*
I 79&F "F
.84 7* 3* "K
"
F "!?D & +4I &E +!?
!?D 'A " "A@ 7* L !? K "A@
A ,
1A
.
!
! * *@ A L * &
A
A 3E
: , "!
.E A ,
"
:
A 2
I ,
1A
8A
: " :8K)
F 8* 2
I 89I 7. 8A
.(L
: " 8A B
4 "
28
@I 3*
J 6
=
4
OI & 1, "KD
@) R
#
.,
* 2I *
!
1%A ! "@I '
: ",9 " =
4
3E 84
.6
2 1
& AA &! N4!D @) 8)) 1%A 9 3* 1)
6)
AA 3* 1) 3E !?D ',
8 =
@ 89I P% 2
&(
.
F 3* & )E
)Z =
@ & !
3E 84* ** "G
D "
@*I "
,
1
I *
C.6 !
:(2008 '
4) ? "
C.6 'A B
6
&* 1%A ! & =
( 1,
1%A !
=
4
A 51
.A OI ,
8
29
. 8* 52
."6F 8* 53
84 84 8) , ,
# % 3E 1,
8 54
7.) '14I* +? '84 E , 3E 8K 8 3*
..)6 .." 3E
8) # 8I
%,
:! 1
! 102122
3* @*I ,
"* 8
! ** "G
D 3*
F R
B,
%4D "9* "
A !
I " 7* AK
Z ,
A
:(19O '2008 '
4) 8
KZ AK
'@*I
*A
4 ,
&* 84 " ! AK
E : 51
30
)
I 8
! ** "G
D ,
3* 2 **
.(1999 ' '520
,
!
!
& * ,
I 1
8 ) .W!
8 8 ! =
I 1&
. '
@ G? C
J 8$
3E
R *
D .@ ",
1K '2A,
* S
QI L
& ! ,
! 1 M .6 W! '84@
1
I
.6 '2*)Z 1 " 6 1
Z
K ',
1
3* 8*
3* '1
4 1
A '9
+ K 8 L
*
A
** "G
E 3E L?I '%& 1%A 1K #K 1K K L
A Q
1A ,
G& Q 3* ) & 4I A "G
D 6
K)
%& ** "G
D 8 '
"G
D 6
J *I
,
1(
,
A ! 4 =
+
KX & ! 8 =
6 "G
D ! 4
.(2008 '
, ?A),
8 I *4 8K .
:EC L + A< 0! ! %
C.6
] '& !
@ 7* L 1A
6 ",
@* ,
B) 4
@ ,
* b L .6 7. ** "G
D "I 16 =I
31
32
"G
D P% AK J
R
! 3* +: +
K ,
", ,
E
2* !) ) # ", ,
6 ,
3*! '**
R ", ,
=
*@ =G@)
W
4
.8!
J
?
J ) 2! J
,
"
*)! '", ,
3*
K$ R
I 8 =
)
! ,
"
AK
". *4@ "
6
4 3*
.(2008 '
4) &** P% ",
:03 %C ! 112122
',
* L?I S
*
4,F )
'2A 8
I
'S
6
@*I
A 1%A 6
!
, "* 3E
F
8
I FE 'S
.& *I
,
1( 1A 89I &E 84 ,
R
I "* 3*
F
',
I 8
. & 8I
1A 89I 2. S
!
! & '
J "* & "* &
A* "*) S
M
I ' 1%A 3* S9D ',
I
& '
I *I
") G 'S
&*
F
4,F %
D 2!
6 A 3* S
=
A * & '! B
( *
1
2 ! 8
,
D 2!
6 A ! S
8! E .E '=
=
4
S
8
I
.6 2 ! 2
I S
'2008 '
, ?A) S
8
I 1 ,
8
I '=
.(60O
33
S 6
D S
B
6 A R
! 2
,
Z 7 F
=
!? , ?
.6 W!
)Z '@*I 2
E S
G
1A
@ $
1J
@) =
D L 8 3E !?D 'S
34
1A 3*
, =
4 ! 44I A,
3* "
"
,
.44I
J A,
G
,
* ?I (*
D B
6
! 8K! K A
.B
6 A
& ( =
E " R
3E ' &!
6Z
" ,
1
A "
: "6F G
8* E
"
: "!
&! "K
! C
& 2, 1( Q
) :&
%@
?
A9 ?
6
J
K) ) "F
!
) '
6
.(2001 '
&)O@ =
)
2 * 1K GIm
.! %C 122122
GI B) ! '
I ** O@ "G
E 8!
I &
4A
&!) 1
&K
! (N4!D =GE'9 'Q9I) =. "@I
. *I
,
1(
J "!
F 7
E ! L
8! "
I #
) '
:
35
36
37
"*
4
"* *4@ 8* 6 +
I **
16 ) ' 1
I
J L "*
A &* '&6
*I
,
( B? ,
! ** "G
D 8)
.4 8)
1
"
A 8 4
+!
0+ " D (1993) D + + (3)
:!
"G
V
4 ! " ,
1
I R
!
3E
C.6 "!
6
,
300
") '6
%!
I
K) !
**
. =
! ,
"G
D
I
4 ! " A,
J &!
P%
* 1K "
A * 6 +
I
K) '%70 ,
! **
"G
D '"6F
* * 1
I
.,
* !
GI B) ! ! **
0
D C+ !
$" :D (1995) + (4)
."
+!
8, K9K & ** "G
D R
: 3E
"!
6
,
",* ,
7
E R
.(=
' '@4) ! " A,
86.** "G
D 1
I
%@ ,
7
E R
.** "G
D 1
I
* 3E A,
4I ,
) ! * A,
",
! 76
.** "G
V 1&
I R
!
38
+!
+ D (1998)
<+ ! + (5)
: + !
$ % .
,
"G
W *
6 ! A,
16 R
!
C.6 "!
6
,
16 R
7.) &A L "A & 1&
I R
**
1 #
* =
Z) F
1
, '
,
F
=
"
6 ! @*I !
: 3* A,
87 3* &
. "9 D
%62 2 54
:&6 P% =
3E
"4*I
.** "G
D
I F A,
+
) +
76 .1
,
8
! ** "G
D 1
I 6Z A,
K)
A .2
@*I
.
,
Z
A,
**, 76 .3
B? 8K ** ,
"G
E 1
I
",
K) 76 .4
.,
9A 3*
KZ '*I
,
( B? ' (
39
) <; ! ; :D (2003) .% + (6)
+!
;
? D D 3
.+
A,
( & 1%A* ** "G
D 1A 3E
C.6 "!
6
I B) 'N4!D R)
! "
.(,
* B)
16
> ( %!)
! A " A,
L ) #
'1
I9 4 & (250) =
1 (280) L # 1,
, A,
(450)
: P% 3E
"4*I
7. ,
* ", I ! 8!
& ** "G
D E 51
! "
IF 8*A
6 "!9I
&(
3* ,
)
89I
.
6 "!9I
&( F
1( *I
,
1( 3*
** "G
D P% 3* ,
52
.=Z*
!
: 76 ) .E !
&( 1%A ,
! ** "G
D 1
I 53
1%A ! =
"* =
3* 6
KZ R
A "
.
* B)
@*I " =
4
L, 3* =
A
** "G
D 1
I 55
40
G
3*
K @( )
* Q ** "G
D G
3* ,
=
I
K 76 56
.** "G
D
! C+ :D Q(2009) %
+ (7)
8, ** ,
"G
E 1
I R
3* B
3E
"!
6 '+
8
89I "G
D 7* &!
I 8
!
'
A,
3E ** ,
"G
E 6 R
3* B
7.) '@*I ,
,
"** 1&)
E
O! 9
+ ?! '
A,
.** "G
D OI (520) 1,
8, ,
! ** "G
D 1
I R
3E
"*4
,
1J
3* 7. '"G
D 7* 1
I ! +@ 76 '
A,
1
I 6 N? )
F
A,
',
8
L ! &
I
@I R 1&
7.) '& A ,
* .@ ! ** "G
D
.(520) 1,
,
"* 7
E
"
,E &6 "4
"
I )
.
! " A,
** ,
"G
W 4I "
8
: 3 + 22222
D (Elsie & Jerry, 1994) + 21
Investigating the Use of Analytical Procedures An Update and
Extensions
** "G
D 1
IF R
!
b G
D
"!
6
:6 A,
8, ,
!
41
.A
4
4
A .1
(Comparison of The Current Balance to The Previous Years Balance)
(Scanning) b .2
( (Ratio Analysis 8* .3
(Judgmental Trend Analysis) "6F 8* .4
(Time Series Analysis) 89 8* .5
(Regression Analysis )
F 8* .6
:
I L 3E !?D
.,
! ** "G
D 1
I 5
" '** "G
D 1
I 3* =
K$ 8 B*I 6 5
')
! R
:4 A ,
")
(Big Six) R
) ,
")
3*
:3E
"4*I
"G
D F
+
** "G
V L 1
IF
51
.(=
A) **
! "K =
K) I
"* M (=
A) ** "G
D 52
.&J4 M. !
"6F
"G
D 1
I AA
%@ Z
R
%
AF 53
."G
D C.6 1
IF !? @*)
F =
A **
"
** "G
D 1
I 3* =
K$ 8 * ! 54
:
** "G
D 1
I =
3E
42
43
"G
V 2)
E R
7.) ,
B4 ** "G
D R
KZ .3
! ** "G
D 3*
,
B4 L@
*) '**
.,
F
+
8* A "
IF " P) P6 ! ,
8?@ .4
.** "G
D ! (=
A) =
%4D 1
I
:D (Glover, Jiambalvo, And Kennedy, 2000)+ 23
Analytical Procedures and Audit-Planning Decision
8
,
I 8
A,
"
,
I 3E
"!
6
"
I 7.) ',
J & "*A "@)
IF =
! 8*I" ** "G
D
:6 8
, 3*
:
KZ
. 1%A B
2 =
KD R
L!
J .1
8A 8) ,
&K & "*A*
@
J GIm =
D b? R
.2
."
: 8@
,F L "=
D"
:3E
"4*I
**, =
44
@IF 3E
45
3E !?E ',
"
I ! "G
D C.6
KE R
"G
D C.6 &
A
1
I
, .
4 ! " ,
! ** "G
D R
!
,
6
4 ")
" A,
4 ,
)14 "J
!
.
47
@> 07
;%
+ A 123
+ 9 223
+ 323
+ K G 423
K 3 > 523
48
@> 07
;%
: ! 1 C+ S* 07 -. 0
:+ A 123
:** @4 P& #
. *A
"
: B4 ! @4 P&
1 # .1
. "
: ! *A "
:*
K ",9 8*
: ** P& .2
:+ 9 223
>* # ")
! ,
) ! * . A,
!)
L 8
'"
) " ,
1100 & 8 ',
) 55 ) 7*
.(2010 ') A,
:+ 323
>*
L .I 1 #
% *
1
+A,
550 ) # ")
! ,
) !) ! * %50
'* '@() A "
B*I ' =
) ) ! *
.(=
I
:+ K G 423
:
A* "* L
4 3*
F 1
'"
F L, "
'A "
3*
F 7. :K
4 51
.
( : 7. (520)
** "G
D S? * !
49
7. A,
=
I
b 3*
F 1 2! :
4 52
.&* B
* # "I A!
A "
"9 3* +
(F)
=
14 # 1,
:* =
8K 8 .6 !
.!
J
8 ! 8K 8 8 .1
! (L
:) 520
! ** "G
D R
8K K 8 .2
* G&F *4@ ,
"
I .@ ,
* I 8
.(4151) Q .,
542) Q .** "G
D ! 1
I
6 #K 8 .3
.(54
.")
! ** "G
D "* 2 ", ! 6 L
8 .4
.(58555) Q
:K 3 > 523
) 3* &?
89I
=
4 A # 1, (1
.QA G ! 1&%
k .Im ' ,
"F ! 44I
8 ! 8K
IF .6 1
I (Reliability Test):"K
I 1 (2
"F *I
F A B
& (Cronbach- Alpha) @ p
)
.8)) 2F
50
:
<! 0! +G 623
L B4 7. :Descriptive Statistic Measures @4 G4D QA
"
:
'"
) % 3*
F '24%4I
&(E
.
"!
F " 3*
F &6
6 1
I I "
) QA B
:@4 8*
'A! 1
A! 84@
6 QA 8K A C.6 '"3"
*) '7. QA GE =
A@ S? C * F "6F 84@
.b4 Q) '
I "
A@ L (F) A!
"@
, "
.A!
8, 8K "1" A 'A!
34, 8K "5" A W! .6 3*
:*7 C
:6
"?
!
IF "
IF 3*
F 1
.(3)
G
X B9I R
IF T-test
I .1
! G
X
@* %4D 6 !
Kruskal-Wallis
I .2
.1& !
J
@*I
1K !
J
"
:
G 8) G 3E "D B* 1A 1 6
&
@ ) ! 'F ! 8$ 8) G 8)
A
.&* * P% ! 7.
). 1 %4E
51
9 07
+ A<
+ A< 6 124
A< 224
+ K G > C 324
+ <C 424
+ C 524
*7 C 624
52
9 07
+ A<
+ A< 6124
")
! ,
) 1 R
3* B
3E
"!
6
1 # (520) 1,
,
! &* O4 ** "G
D
86E 1 ,
254
1
! 3* 550 L
&** &A 1 "F
>* "D 8) 1
"4
.
! S %45.5 F " ":* '2 250
:A< 224
3E 1& " '
! " " '
=
*I
F
I 1
I ) '% "
) "
1K '1I "
(Kruskal-Wallis Test)
I
"!
F " @ p
)
! &* O4 ** "G
D ")
! ,
) 1 R
D
.(0.05 ) %4D F
R 3* 7. (520) 1,
,
:+ K G > C 324
, ":* # QA =
"K R
QA (@ p
))
I 1
I 1
A
A 3* &)
4 3E
= 6 %95.9=@
(Zikmund, Babin, Carr & Griffin, 2010) .
"F !) 7. '%60
53
236
B
5.6
14
3K
%100.0
250
S
).
6
A (236) 16
>* #
).
! 1( (9
3E 7. R '%5.6 ":* 14 16
>*
A! #D %67.6
.OI 8) ) *I 1 8)
L
V +! + G 9 (224)
0 T* :
7? (2
7?
(224)
0
30
7?
48.4
121
=
I ,
26.4
66
=
I . ,
13.2
33
,
@4
@4
7
@4
@4
250
! ) 7
%100.0
,
S
54
16
>* # =
I A,
! 1( (9
":* 66 16
>*
A! =
I . %48.4 6
A (121)
,
") +
I '(%13.2) ":* ,
69 '%26.4
.
S (%12) ":*
V %9 =
I . 1 8)
! )
3* 8
.6
** "G
D &? ,
"G
E ! 1&)
# F "
A!
= +! + G 9 (324)
0 T* : (3
(324)
0
+! + 9
% +
57.2
143
26.4
66
16.4
41
(50540)
%100.0
250
S
55
(424) 0
0.H
77.6
194
Q
)
15.2
38
7.2
18
R
I "
&
%100
250
S
23.6
59
) = &
14.4
36
62.0
155
) = &
%100
250
S
=
&
((..AICPA, CIA, IIA))
56
KC
12.4
31
66.4
166
21.2
53
%100
250
S
57
(724)
0
/ J +! + 9
% +
16.00
40
26.80
67
57.2
143
%+
%100
250
S
+!
9.6
24
74.4
186
16.0
40
%+
%100
250
S
58
34.8
87
big4 M
I 1
9.2
23
big4 1
56.0
140
%100
250
=
":* big4 M
I ) L
,
) (9
'(%9.2) big4 ) L
,
) ":* '%34.8
.(%56) & ":* ) L
J )
VC
V V %
$ (10
7. (1054) 1,
8
b? : W% 0!
!
59
(1024)
0
C
%
$
W% 0!
!
% +
13.6
34
1
32.4
81
%100
115
=
&
,
) 1* F ,
) %70 (9
,
) 1* ,
) %30 '** "G
D
A,
* A! +& ) 8$ .6 Z + * '** "G
D &
. ,
) L
& )
! L (1154) 1,
8
b? :
D;
211
D;
(1124)
0
+! +! + 9
% +
D;
%29.2
73
551
%14
35
1056
%50
125
20511
%6.8
17
50521
%100
250
S
60
61
(1224)
0
0
03 ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+
.3 +!
0 + %%C D =
.3 (! / %+
K;7
&
+!
0.827 4.368
l
0.947 4.208
1
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
13
,
P
14 ** "G
D 1
I 1
1.014
GI
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
7. 3* G ,
I 1%A ! =
4A
J
9
8
A 1
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
&AA 8 C$E 1 * 2!
6 8
12
1.09 3.9552
63
** "G
D 1
I '(9K ") A =
8 ", L 8
"G
D 1
I 1 '
( 8A ! 8 ! 8
1
I
A
16 *4@ ,
"G
E ", ) S
,
P
14 **
,
J 1,
> 8 =
E 8$ '6.@ A .
!
/ =
4
A '8 =
E "E 1A
L ** "G
D
&(
8 Q@ ? 8 ! &9K L 8 1%, A
3* "*4 "
A!
K) 6 6 3* 7. 3*
"
A@ "*4
A! '
. 6 3E
(4.00) 3* & >* 'A!
8F
I
A 8K
6 3* A!
A,
(9
.8 % 1&! 2!
6 8 A 1
I
1&! 2!
6 8 A 1
I 8F
I
A # R
1& '&6 A,
: ,
* I 8
& 8 %
.
I 7* 8*A !
V> V ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+ : >
V V
7
C !
! C+
:
+! %+ 1 / .3 +!
64
(1324)
0
> ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+
.3 +!
7 C/ D =
0EC
.3 (! /
%+
&
+!
K;7
1.016
4.144
1.079
4.108
27
1.069
4.08
l
1.126
4.076
1.147
3.976
1.131
3.956
28
3.944
,9 ".
J " L 8 1%, 25
2* ) 1,
C.& L,
A / =
4
A 1
1.137
3.94
65
20
3.936
( ,
", L 8 1%,
"* =
I 1)) 1,
C.6 2* )
23
(,
&*
"* ,K R
1A 1
1.084
3.928
/ =
4
8 2, G ! ,
17
8*
J 1,
> 8 =
E 8$ 1
1.232
3.892
L ** "G
D
&( , 30
8 =
E "E 1A
A / =
4
A 1
1.224
3.876
24
1,
7. )
) ** "G
D 1
I 1
1.179
3.872
=
4
m *4@ "
IF 8*A () 26
"4!D "*
/ =
4
8 ", G 1
1.213
3.848
1.267
3.688
** "G
D 1
I ) R
1
&A
"**
16
66
2 (3.9509) >*
,
* 8* P% "
&(
,
.
2
! A! R A
=
4
A 1) 2 3* O "
A@ 3E C9 8
89I
") A =
8 ", L 8 1%, A /
,
) 8*A () 7. )
) ** "G
D 1
I 1 '(9K
&9K L 8 1%, A / =
4
A 1 '& 1
,
** "G
D 1
I 1 '
8 Q@ ? 8 !
"*4 (@? 8 R
*I
,
"* 1( ) 3 *4@
'(4.00) 3* >* 3* "*4 "
A@ , 3* 6
3*
,
) ! "G
D 7*
3*
R
) ! 3E
.
*4@ ,
! ** "G
D 1
I 8K +
(* "@* .6
1( B? 84 # '8 3* 84 *I
,
1( B? L 3
"G
D 1
I =
F 8*A 3E
$ "* 1( *I
,
.**
*4@ "
IF 8*A ** "G
D 1
I 8K
# R
"** ** "G
D 1
I ) R
) 7. )
3* "*4 1%A ! ZI
)E 3* 1)* ** "G
D 1
I
&6Z A,
67
I & 4I *4@ ** "G
D 6 *A 1&, 3E
.
,
V @> ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+ :>>
. 0
<;
D / W
:
+! %+ 1 / .3 +!
(1424)
0
C+ @> ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+
; 0
;
<; <
!
!
.3 +!
.3 (! / %+
K;7
&
+!
1%, A / =
4
A 1
0.896
4.336 "
", L 8 35
1,
C.6 2* )
(
4,F
1%, A / =
4
A 1
0.936
J 1,
** "G
D 1
I 1
0.827
0.911
4.232
39
0.883
4.228 8
! 7 8 ,
A ! =
A! 37
( 8A !
68
,
J 1,
> 8 =
E 8$ 1
0.982
0.903
4.208
38
0.954
0.997
1.031
4.036 2* )
( ,
", L 8 34
(,
"* =
I 1)) 1,
C.6
1.211
3.908
0.957
4.184
31
69
V + ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+ :
:
+! %+ 1 / .3 +!
C+
(1524)
0
+ ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+
(; ) .3 +!
C+
.3
(! /
%+
&
+!
0.999
4.22
1.079
4.164
1.079
4.14
1.051
4.092
1.101
4.088
2
3E
1&
54
1.078
4.084
1.097
4.068
N
" 4I 51
1.117
4.044
N
1& 4 53
1.184
3.908
1.145
3.796
43
@?
1.236
3.344
1.288
3.328
@?
1.220
3.248
1.105
3.943111
@?
K;7
1 8
)
1.
8
(
1. 84 9
9 1 8
) ?
8
(? L
44
45
70
** "G
D 89I 1( 1
I 1 2 8* P% "
&(
,
)
1.
8
)* A 3E 8 3*
Z * '
L 9 1 8
) ?
8
(
1. 84 9 1 8
4A 8 ! 8 8* ! 1&6 L 8*, 1&
I
(?
(Gibson, 2007) 9K 6
)E 8 8
% < ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+ :S+C
+V! V V V
+!
!
:
+! %+ 1 / .3
(1624)
0
% < ; D+/ ;7 ! / +! %+
) .3 +!
+!
!
(;
.3
(! / %+
K;7
&
+!
0.969
4.212
0.996
4.144
0.999
4.120
1.082
56
58
@I
59
4.032
** "G
D R
A 1
55
1.160
3.944
57
1.041
4.0904
71
@I E
@I9 =
&* '8 8, !) "*
.R
I
P%
@
A Z) &
I ) ") ! **
G ")
! K
!AK ! B?
# R
.L 8) &
I 1
3E R
G9 1 A,
8,
:*7 C 624
:13 +< *7
"G
D OI 520
"* ")
! ,
) F :HO
.**
72
E !
(3.00) ?
@ * (T)
I 1
I 1
A! ?
@
IF
"G
D ! OI 520
"* ")
! ,
) ")
.7. (1754) 1,
8
'(=0.05) %4D F
R 3* **
.* * & 29 1,
41 3E 1 F ! 8 L C
IF
(1724)
0
520 %
% () C A<
?
@
F R
T
T
0.000
4.0135
1.96
24.211
!
(T)
IF , ":* # '%4E F
C9 8
(0.00) %4D F
R 3* (1.96)
&, 3* 6 '24.211
!
*
?
! 8A W! 7. '(0.05) =
A 8, 6
! OI 520
"* ")
! ,
) " 2
."** "G
D
:13 7 *7
*
! ** "G
V ,
")
! ,
) F
.,
* I
F ! 15 51 "
3* 6
IF
73
(1824)
0
%%C !
! Y
% () C A<
?
@
F R
T
T
0.000
3.9552
1.96
19.993
!
(T)
IF , ":* # '%4E F
C9 8
F
R 3* (1.96)
&, 3* 6 '19.993
8A W! 7. '(0.05) =
A 8, 6 (0.00) %4D
")
! ,
)
!
*
?
!
F R
T
T
0.000
3.942
1.96
18.544
!
74
(T)
IF , ":* # '%4E F
C9 8
(0.00) %4D F
R 3* (1.96)
&, 3* 6 '18.544
!
*
?
! 8A W! 7. '(0.05) =
A 8, 6
")
! ,
) 2
?
!
!
.*4@ "
IF *
! ** "G
D
:>> 7 *7
1%A* * ,
! ** "G
D ")
! ,
) F
.,
* G&F *
89I
F ! 41 531 "
3* 6
IF
(2024)
0
<; )
! Y
% () C A<
D / ! 0EC
?
@
F R
T
T
0.000
4.1840
1.96
31.110
!
(T)
IF , ":* # '%4E F
C9 8
F
R 3* (1.96)
&, 3* 6 '31.110
8A W! 7. '(0.05) =
A 8, 6 (0.00) %4D
! ,
) '
!
*
?
!
75
F R
T
T
0.000
3.8865
1.96
19.110
!
(T)
IF , ":* # '%4E F
C9 8
F
R 3* (1.96)
&, 3* 6 '19.110
8A W! 7. '(0.05) =
A 8, 6 (0.00) %4D
")
,
) '
!
*
?
!
76
(2224) 0
+ ! %
() C A<
.
?
@
F R
T
T
0.000
4.0904
1.96
27.755
!
(T)
IF , ":* # '%4E F
C9 8
F
R 3* (1.96)
&, 3* 6 '27.755
8A W! 7. '(0.05) =
A 8, 6 (0.00) %4D
"G
D
!
*
?
!
77
(2324) 0
<4 D+/ [ B D
E C
R
:
F
4.237
Q
).
3.714
3K
0.017
=
A@
( & ! %4E F
".
!
3E (2354) 8
L!
! 1& L, ** "G
D 1
I " 3* O =
A@ 8
F
R >* # '(Q)
: R ",
) ! =
A R
'(4.2373)
).* >* '(0.05) =
A 8, 6 (0.017)
'(3.7140) #V >* '=
A@ 7* 3*
A! 3E
.#V & 3*
). =
A@ 7* 3* A!
!
F A! =
%4E 1&
! &!
&( 8
# 3* G`
.** 1&G
E F Y Q ,9
F 2
?
@
<4 D+/ [
7? D
E / : > 7 *7
:
7? (2
%4E F
".
!
R
IF (Kruskal-Wallis Test)
I 1
I 1
'(@( )
) R ** ,
"G
E ")
! ,
)
!) W! '+%4E
J P% 86E 1
, '7. (2454) 1,
8
F
".
! &! 0.05 8, F
R 3* ") (19) 8
! "
A@
:%4E
78
(2424) 0
<4 D+/ [
7? D
E C
R
-
KC
F
KC
%+
=
A@
4.121
4.3939
4.5289
3.9333
8 Q@
/ =
4
A 1
0.000
3.909
4.1212
4.5207
3.6333
3.333
3.9697
4.4050
3.3000
8 Q@ ?
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
0.000
3.485
4.03030
4.21488
3.23333
( ,
", L
1)) 1,
C.6 2* )
(,
"* =
I
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
0.000
3.424
3.6818
4.1157
3.1667
", L
(
4,F "
1,
C.6 2* )
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
0.000
3.091
3.5000
4.1405
2.6333
".
J " L
1,
C.& L, ,9
2* )
79
** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
2.939
3.5758
4.0992
2.7000
7.
** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.667
3.7273
4.4380
2.9667
!
J "*A B)F
3* G ,
I 1,
7.
** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
4.030
3.7424
3.2000
3.2000
J GI
I
A
I 1%A ! =
4A
3.061
3.2273
4.0413
2.5333
10
3.667
3.8939
4.1818
3.0667
11
3.667
3.8333
4.1570
2.9667
12
3.909
4.1515
4.3884
3.3667
8
1
I
A
14
3.849
4.1515
4.3223
3.2333
,
"G
E ", )
.
! 16 *4@
6.@ A
80
15
3.121
3.5606
4.1157
2.8667
16
&A
"**
"* ,K R
1A 1
0.015
3.849
3.9545
4.0909
3.3000
17
8*
/ =
4
8 ", G 1
0.00
3.606
3.6970
4.1818
3.1000
18
3.849
3.7727
4.3223
3.1667
=
4
(!?E 4! M
", 8* /
19
/ =
4
C.&
/ =
4
A 1
0.001
3.758
3.6667
4.2397
3.5333
20
8 Q@
/ =
4
A 1
0.000
3.636
3.9091
4.2149
3.2000
23
3.333
3.7879
4.2810
3.0333
24
8 Q@ ?
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
0.000
3.667
3.7879
4.2479
3.3667
( ,
", L
1)) 1,
C.6 2* )
(,
"* =
I
81
25
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
0.000
3.333
3.8333
4.1901
3.2667
", L
26
(
4,F "
1,
C.6 2* )
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
0.016
3.879
3.9848
4.3554
3.6333
".
J " L
27
1,
C.& L, ,9
2* )
** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.667
3.8485
4.2810
3.2000
28
4.000
4.0000
4.2727
3.5333
29
3.576
3.7424
4.2810
3.0000
30
3.758
3.8788
4.2562
2.7333
31
8 Q@
/ =
4
A 1
0.043
4.182
4.0758
4.2810
3.6333
32
3.788
3.8485
4.2810
3.7333
( ,
", L
1)) 1,
C.6 2* )
(,
"* =
I
82
34
0.016
3.849
3.5000
3.1736
3.0000
0.004
3.636
3.5000
2.9917
3.3000
0.016
4.182
4.0909
4.3884
3.8667
47
0.002
3.939
3.8182
4.3554
3.7333
49
0.001
3.818
3.9697
4.1322
2.9667
50
0.042
3.909
4.0455
4.2562
3.5333
N
" 4I
51
0.001
4.182
4.2424
4.3058
3.2000
52
0.001
3.969
3.9242
4.3140
3.3000
N
1& 4
53
0.000
3.969
3.9242
4.3967
3.3333
2
3E
1&
54
44
45
+!
! % < 3 D
0.000
4.152
3.8485
4.2727
3.3333
0.007
4.455
3.8788
4.2397
4.5667
0.004
4.515
3.6212
3.9917
3.8333
"G
D R
A 1
**
** "G
D 1D 1
.,
8,
8, !) "*
! 1
.8
55
56
57
!
)
) R ** ,
"G
E ")
! ,
)
.(@(
83
F
".
! &! 0.05 8, F
R 3* +%4E
(2554) 8
:%4E
(2524) 0
<4 D+/ [ KC D C
R
511
1055
8,
F
15
"
"5
=
A@
0.023
14.15
4.4699
4.1935
0.004
94.01
4.2711
3.8710
0.000
3.453
4.1446
3.6129
8 Q@ ? 8 !
/ =
4
A 1
", L 8 1%, A
0.001
3.547
3.9518
3.6129
1,
C.6 2* )
( ,
(,
"* =
I 1))
84
/ =
4
A 1
0.028
43.43
3.8735
3.5806
1,
C.6 2* )
/ =
4
A 1
0.000
3.169
3.8976
3.2903
2* )
! =
* ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.132
4.1988
3.1290
7. 3*
B)F ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
33.62
4.0843
3.3548
I 1,
!
J "*A
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.005
3.208
4.0542
2.9677
0.004
63.73
4.0241
3.3871
11
7. 3*
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.010
3.641
4.2892
3.3871
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.007
3.849
4.247
3.7742
(
0.004
3.869
3.8735
3.5807
E
F ?
!
A ,
. 1%A
85
15
0.003
3.226
3.9759
3.4839
"G
D 1
I ) R
1
&A
"** **
16
/ =
4
A 1
0.005
3.584
4.0843
3.6129
0.001
3.452
4.0482
3.4839
0.004
3.452
4.1928
3.6451
26
1,
C.6 2* )
0.010
3.679
4.1688
3.9032
*4@ "
IF 8*A () 7. 28
"4!D "* =
4
m
0.010
3.547
4.1084
3.6129
0.001
3.641
4.2048
3.2903
/ =
4
A 1
! &9K L 8 1%, A 31
8 Q@ A "
0.042
3.679
4.1868
3.4516
R L!
** "G
D 1
I
.,
)
50
0.011
3.754
4.1205
3.871
2
3E
1&
54
"E !
@ R 3E (2554) 8
.=
I =
A! 8) 3*
F 7. =
I
86
!
."5
87
(2624) 0
<4 D+/ [ / J D C
R
F
=
A@
W
%C 0! 0 + !
! C+
** "G
D 1
I 1
0.009
3.601
3.552
3.7164 3.0500
10
7. 3*
V + C+ G 1$
! Y -7 0EC
\
0.018
3.706
3.7015 4.2750
0.019
3.307
3.1045 3.7750
0.005
3.153
3.1194 3.8000
0.002
3.251
3.1791 3.9500
8
)
1.
8
(
1. 84 9 1
1 8
) ?
8
(? L 9
A 3E 8 3*
)*
43
44
45
46
"E !
@ R 3E (2654) 8
=
A! 8) 3*
F 7. *F :* "
&
+%
! &! +
**, 9
+ 76
.*F :* "
&
!
3E
!
F 2
@ ?
@ 8A 7. F G 3*
.*F :*
88
F
=
A@
4.325
3.9839 4.4583
&( ,
J 1,
1A
L ** "G
D
15
8 =
E "E
.7
C !
! C+
"* ,K R
1A 1
0.012
4.300
0.012
3.9250
89
"E !
@ R 3E (2754) 8
"
& =
A! 8) 3*
F 7. "
&
G 3* +%
! &! +
**, 9
+ 76
'
. "
& 3E
!
F 2
@ ?
@ 8A 7. F
VC V
V V %V D
E / :+ + 7 *7
<4 D+/ [
:
C
% (6
F
".
!
R
IF (Kruskal-Wallis)
I 1
I 1
R ** ,
"G
E ")
! ,
) %4E
1
, '7. (2854) 1,
8
'(
I ,
) )
F)
(2854) 8
! "
A@ !) W! '+%4E
J P% 86E
:%4E F
".
! &! 0.05 8, F
R 3* ")
90
(2824) 0
%/ !
$
%
C
F
D B
D
93
93
Big 4
Big 4
=
A@
4.192
3.5652
4.2069
1
I
A
8A ! 8 ! 8
14
(
V 0V
;
<; <
!
! C+
;
/ =
4
A 1
0.013
4.2786
3.8261
3.9885
32
4.0643
3.3913
4.2529
N
" 4I 51
0.005
4.1357
3.4783
4.3218
0.17
4.0214
3.4783
4.2299
N
1& 4 53
"E !
@ R 3E (3154) 8
.
I ,
)
F
91
92
(2924) 0
!
$
% D <!$ / -
(! %
C
)
R
=
A@
F
W
%C 0! 0 + !
! C+
1%, A / =
4
A 1
0.007
4.161
8
1%, A / =
4
A 1
0.022
3.815
2* ) 1,
C.&
0.025
3.765
3.2059
0.000
4.185
3.5000
7
8
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.014
3.593
0.040
4.049
0.021
3.901
3.3824
93
12
0.021
4.309
3.7941
1
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
14
,
J 1,
> 8 =
E 8$ 1
0.007
4.333
0.030
4.111
0.046
4.025
3.5588
0.006 4.0123
0.35
4.099
0.29 3.9506
3.4706
30
4.049
3.3529
31
0.021
3.691
4.2647
+ C+
43
0.007
3.124
3.7941
94
"E !
@ R 3E (2954) 8
.** "G
D ,
) 1E
"G
D R
%4E
! &! 8
":*
& ) ) ,
) 1E R
R **
.F "
A! 3* =
A! 18 ** "G
D O4I =
) ,
) 1E 3* A! b4 ")
@ C
.** "G
D O4I =
& )
1& ,
) & & 3E 7.
.&A &
) 1* ** "G
D
1* ,
) &
@ ?
@
!
.** "G
D O4I =
& ) )
<4 D+/ [ D
E / : > 7 *7
(8
F
".
!
R
IF (Kruskal-Wallis)
I 1
I 1
R ** ,
"G
E ")
! ,
) %4E
'+%4E
J P% 86E 1
, '7. (3054) 1,
8
'(
*)
8, F
R 3* +%4E
(3054) 8
! "
A@ !) W!
:%4E F
".
! &! 0.05
95
(3024) 0
!
$
%
C
()
R
F
50540
40530
30520
=
A@
4.1220
4.1515
4.5385
3.9268
3.8182
4.5035
3.3902
3.6818
4.3497
8 Q@ ? 8 !
/ =
4
A 1
0.000
3.48780
3.66667
4.21678
3.4390
3.5455
4.0140
1,
C.6 2* )
/ =
4
A 1
0.000
3.0244
3.1667
4.0559
2* )
! =
* ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.0000
3.0758
4.0839
3.5610
3.3939
4.3566
I 1,
!
J "*A
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.9756
3.5000
4.2168
1%A ! =
4A
J GI
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
2.9512
2.9242
3.9510
10
3.5854
3.5606
4.1538
1
(
*I
,
3
*
F
I 8 R
"*
11
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.5366
3.4697
4.1399
12
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.8049
3.8636
4.3636
14
(
1,
> 8 =
E 8$ 1
0.001
3.7805
3.7879
4.3077
"G
D
&( ,
J
=
E "E 1A
L **
15
8
7
C !
! C+
0.000
3.0244
3.3939
4.0140
"G
D 1
I ) R
1
&A
"** **
16
/ =
4
8 ", G 1
0.001
3.4878
3.4848
4.1189
97
18
3.7073
3.5758
4.2378
/ =
4
(!?E 4!
/ =
4
C.& ", 8*
19
/ =
4
A 1
0.001
3.6829
3.6061
4.1678
20
3.6341
3.6515
4.1538
23
3.3171
3.5455
4.1888
24
8 Q@ ? 8 !
/ =
4
A 1
0.001
3.7805
3.5606
4.1678
25
2* )
)
) ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.4634
3.5455
4.1399
*4@ "
IF 8*A () 7.
26
3.9024
3.8636
4.2797
27
&
)
) ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.000
3.6585
3.5909
4.2098
28
&
,
** "G
D 1
I 1
"* 1( ) 3 *4@
0.015
4.0000
3.7879
4.2308
98
29
3.4878
3.5152
4.1818
30
&
; 0
;
<; <
!
! C+
/ =
4
A 1
0.001
3.5854
3.4697
4.2028
31
0.005
4.2195
3.9394
3.6084
0.23
3.8049
3.3636
3.1748
0.000
3.6829
3.5152
3.0000
0.002
3.7561
3.5758
3.1189
46
0.000
4.0244
3.6364
4.3147
2
3E
1&
54
43
44
45
<
0.049
4.0976
3.7879
4.1259
0.023
4.5610
4.0758
4.1748
0.002
4.4634
3.6818
3.9161
** "G
D R
A 1
8, ** "G
D 1D 1
.,
.8 8, !) "*
! 1
55
56
57
"E !
@ R 3E (3054) 8
"G
D R
%4E
! &! 8
":* .
"%@ (9 .F "
A! 3* =
A! 35
* R **
"
A@ ! F !
3* A!
K) 1 8) ")
:4
8) A ** "G
D R
:4
"%@ '&E
'
!
&W!
@
?
@* .
)
"%@ R
)
99
0.H (9
F
".
!
R
IF (Kruskal-Wallis)
I 1
I 1
R ** ,
"G
E ")
! ,
) %4E
J P% 86E 1
, '7. (3154) 1,
8
'(* 86$*)
R 3* +%4E
(3154) 8
! "
A@ !) W! '+%4E
:%4E F
".
! &! 0.05 8, F
(3124) 0
$
% D <!$ / -
(
0.H) !
R
F
=
A@
Q
)
3.9211 4.3247
1%, A / =
4
A 1
0.013
100
0.02
3.1053 3.8041
0.015
3.5000 4.0052
0.02
3.8158 4.2732
7
12
14
,
J 1,
> 8 =
E 8$ 1
0.006
0.017
3.2632 3.8196
0.025
3.6316 4.0979 =
4
C.& ", 8* / =
4
/
1%, A / =
4
A 1
0.002
0.012
4.2368 3.7371
43
0.034
3.6579 3.2010
0.027
3.5526 4.0361
0.050
3.8421 4.2526
0.035
+!
! % <
4.5000 4.1340
.,
8, ** "G
D 1D 1
56
4.3947 3.8763
.8 8, !) "*
! 1
57
0.022
101
"E !
@ R 3E (3154) 8
R
%4E
! &! 8
":* .* 86$
.F "
A! 3* =
A! 18 * 86$* R ** "G
D
3* A!
K) 1 8) ") Q
) * %! (9
R
8, * 86$ ". "%@ '&E
"
A@ ! F !
.
)
"%@ R
) 8) A ** "G
D
& ",
!
2 '
!
&W!
@
?
@*
102
(3224) 0
$
% D <!$ / - C
(K )) !
R
)
F
)
=
A@
8 Q@
A / =
4
A 1
0.004
8 Q@ ?
A / =
4
A 1
0.000
2* ) 1,
C.& L,
0.000
7.
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.042
10
103
11
1
I
A ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.025
3.9097 3.3611 4.0508 8 C$E 1 * 2! 6 8 A
12
&AA
7
C !
! C+
0.002
** "G
D 1
I ) R
1
&A
"**
16
/ =
4
8 ", G 1
0.050
3.8258 3.4722 4.2881 1)* ", C.6 ) R 1A 8*
18
19
/ =
4
C.& ",
A / =
4
A 1
0.042
22
0.028
24
8 Q@ ?
7. )
) ** "G
D 1
I 1
0.002
26
0.000
28
30
31
8 Q@
J 1,
> 8 =
E 8$ 1
0.005
41
+ C+
9 1 8
)
1.
8
44
0.035
0.014
0.019
0.016
N
" 4I
51
0.002
52
0.004
N
1& 4
53
0.002
2
3E
1&
54
45
50
<
0.001
** "G
D R
A 1
55
"E !
@ R 3E (3254) 8
"G
D R
%4E
! &! 8
":* .
.F "
A! 3* =
A! 26 =
&* R **
3* A!
K) 1 8) ") A! ) =
& * %! (9
) =
& ". "%@ '&E
"
A@ ! F !
"%@ R
) 8) A ** "G
D R
=
&
3*
3E "
& * (@ 3E 7. R
, '
)
.")
! ** "G
D
& ",
!
2 '
!
&W!
@
?
@*
105
D;
(11
F
".
!
R
IF (Kruskal-Wallis)
I 1
I 1
R ** ,
"G
E ")
! ,
) %4E
86 1
, '7. (3354) 1,
8
'(,
) ! A,
)
(3354) 8
! "
A@ !) W! '+%4
J P%
:%4 F
".
! &! 0.05 8, F
R 3* +%4
(3324) 0
$
% D <!$ / - C
(
D;
) !
R 50521
2057
1056
551
F
,
A,
A,
,
=
A@
4.4706
3.7760
4.1143
4.1233
!
J "*A B)F
3* G ,
I 1,
7.
** "G
D 1
I 1
0.010
3.7647
3.2960
4.00
3.6027
10
4.2353
3.6320
4.1429
3.9863
R
1A 8*
1)* ", C.6 )
18
3.568
4.085733
3.9041
S
"E !
@ R 3E (3354) 8
.,
) ! A,
106
"G
F R
%4
! &! 8
":*
"
A! 3* "
A! 3 ,
) ! A,
* R **
.F
& ",
!
F 2 '8A &W!
@
?
@*
.,
) ! A,
3E R ) F % G
X %4E
107
BC 07
A<
A< 125
225
108
BC 07
A<
:A< 125
: A< 1$ @! 0 + 0EC D
:
%%C ! 0EC :/S G
.@
E 520 1,
,
** "G
D E
8) 2* % 8 L? 1&! !
@ & # ,
* I *
!
. 1%A !
6 GI
)E ! 7 3E
)
,
) 8, ** "G
D
P%
A
K) ) L 'A! 8) ,
* I *
! ")
!
A " ! &9K L =
4
m "
A G
E 6 &
8K B
6 A "G
D C.6 1
I .(9K ") 8 ", L
8 B
6 A 1
I 8F
I
A 8K &
I
A
8) 8, & 16F )! ,
* 8?! I 8 8 % 1&!
16F
K) F ") ! " A,
Z 7. .(*
.6 )
, 'A! 2*
&]
** "G
V
.&6Z 1&, 1
"G
D C.6 @) 1& 1&? !
*,
109
.2*
9 9, *I
,
1(
*
! ")
! ,
) 8, ** "G
D
G
E 6 & A
K) ) L 'A! 8) *4@ ,
"
I
8 ", L ! R
&9K L =
4
m "
A
(* "!9 .6 16 ,
B)
*I
,
1( ) 3 1
I "G
F C.6 , A,
."G
D C.6 "
1&! B? 3
.6 '@? 8*
"G
V 16F
K) F ") ! " A,
Z P%
!
*, .6 )
, '.@
I )
". **
.&6Z 1&, 1
"G
D C.6 @) 1&
.
F 3*
L 'L@
8) ,
G&F *
! ")
! ,
) 8,
110
L =
4
m "
A
G
E 6 & A
K) )
"G
D ") ! " A,
1E =
# 4 .,
**
111
112
: 225
: 1$ + A< 0EC D
& ")
! ,
) ! "G
D 1
I 1 3* 8 .1
. ,
* ,
=G@) 3*
K
) R
,
8
!) 89I ** "G
V 7
D R L!
3* 8 .2
"G
D
113
: 9
: 9
'+! B+3 (2000) '
'& '8) 8X '16
E
.
4 '
"
'2000
.
4 '
'"
> ! %" (2007) '@ '
,
8, &
I R
** ,
"G
E" : (1995) '
'
. 'Q
, '=
J '+ + '" ! "
V$
> ! ./
+ (2002) '2 '
'
4 '
.
4 ' 3 + ? G
3 '% ? D +! '(2000)
B 'S
. '
$
. '
* G@4
'+!
@ ! 0C (2000) '*
'
'54
' K Q!
3 0 A ! '(1987) '
.1645130O
! " A,
8, & R
**
" (1991)
)
'
'2
'
, '=
D
4,F *) ' '%4A
'
.2865257
! " ,
1 R
(1998) '
'%
'
)
'
DV V '
5** ,
"G
E *
6
.73
'
114
V C 520
+! C+/ ;;! + '(1986) '
I '
1, '&
:
)
) R
'+!
.
4
& '=
6A ! )
'
V V
+!
0+ '(1993) '
* '
.2
'
'! '=
*) =
!X '!
http://alphabeta.argaam.com '
V %C G; ( '(2010) ' 8 '"
Online available:
N4!D 8,
* (OI) 8
( '
'
Online available:.)http://www.omandaily.com( '&
)V <; ! ; '(2003) '
' '"6
J '
'+!
;
? D D 3
.+
.
'
@ '"58X '=
V +V!
V
! C+" (1992) '
I '
'
'=
J '
';< . < . D 3
.
$ 'V V3 0?
++G '(1999) '?A
.K
"
I*
V )V ""G
D" "
'(2008) 14 '
, ' '?A
.
4,F *) ')
115
Q
& ! **
1
I R
'(2009) '14 '
,
.8
525
* ' ;
/ )
) 3* A
'**
'(1997) '
Q 4,
.=
7* '+ + '=
Online
available:
Analytical
V
VVV!
V
VVV :8
http://almohasb1.blogspot.com/2009/04/analytical- Auditing
7
' *
F.(520) 1,
,
.2010 ') A,
'"
0C
0!" '(2005)
4
'
'8 '8
'
.2005 ' '
* 8%
'";
*
& '
! '(2001) '8)
'
&
.
: 'A
.sqarra.wordpress.com '
R
L,
'*
E 8* '
+ '(2000)
'J
.
4 '=
4 'L
*
4 )
,
8
! ** "G
D 1
I 6 '(2008) '
'
4
'
1 ,
8
L, &*
F R
,
6
.+! D %
9 + 1 + @! ;+
116
Which
Professional
Standards
117
118
V!EV
D+/ .1
119
@!
&% ' !
120
M
:^ D K 0 + 0 $(x)K)$ 9* 1
:B .1
1> G
:
7? .2
X
X)
-
KC
KC
%+
&
: .3
50
)
(50540)
8, ( 30 )
)
3E ( 20 )
( 40 )
( 30)
:
0.H .4
6
' R
I "
&
=
)
Q
)
1*
:
) X 0. .5
"
& / =
& ) =
& 1
) = & 1
(6
)
(6
)
(6
)
: KC .6
(15)
" (10)
K)Z! (25)
121
**,
:+! .8
%+
:
% W 0 &-
0. .9
/
0. Q
9 %/ 0!
.10
; 50221
; 20211
122
D; 1026
.11
D; 521
0)
0)
C+
%+
0
E%$
0H+
/ =
4
A 1
( ,
", L
1)) 1,
C.6 2* )
(,
"* =
I
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
", L
(
4,F "
1,
C.6 2* )
123
/ =
4
A 1
!
J "*A B)F
3* G ,
I 1,
7.
** "G
D 1
I 1
J GI
I
A
I 1%A ! =
4A
7. 3* G ,
** "G
D 1
I 1
10
11
,
3*
F )E
A
"* 1( *I
G ,
I 8 R
7. 3*
** "G
D 1
I 1
8 A 1
I
A
C$E 1 * 2!
6
124
12
13
8
1
I
A
14
S
,
P
14
,
"G
E ", )
.
! 16 *4@
6.@ A
> 8 =
E 8$ 1
15
0)
0)
C+
%+
0
E%$
0H+
1 I ) R 1
16
17
125
18
19
(!
?E 4
! M F
8* / =
4
/ =
4
C.& ",
/ =
4
A 1
20
21
22
23
( ,
", L
1)) 1,
C.6 2* )
(,
"* =
I
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
", L
(
4,F "
1,
C.6 2* )
126
24
/ =
4
A 1
25
26
27
28
29
127
30
0)
0)
C+
%+
0
E%$
0H+
/ =
4
A 1
31
32
33
34
( ,
", L
1)) 1,
C.6 2* )
(,
"* =
I
/ =
4
A 1
8 1%, A
", L
(
4,F "
1,
C.6 2* )
128
35
/ =
4
A 1
36
37
! =
A! !?E 3E
! 7 8 ,
A
8A ! 8
(
** "G
D 1
I 1
38
39
40
! ,
J 1,
,
J "*A 1%A
! &!) 1 1 1,
C.6 !
A ,
8
> 8 =
E 8$ 1
129
41
0)
0)
C+
%+
0
E%$
0H+
42
43
44
45
(? L 9 1
3E 8 3*
46
)* A
%@ : "
" 3*
%
48
49
50
N
" 4I
51
52
N
1& 4
53
54
2
130
47
V V% < 3 D 0! ? Z 1
+!
!
!
M
M
<
0H+
"G
D R
A 1
55
**
** "G
D 1D 1
56
.,
8,
8, !) "*
! 1
57
.8
"G
D 1
I
1
58
.**
,
@I
59
131
F ! =
"*4
132
N
" 5 %
?
b
!4) = N
1& 4513
1&
b
/ (= 1&m
1& 4 /
1&* ,
= 2
3E
1&
514
N
3E *: "
A "A!
8K :
A "A!
4I 515
.N
" 3E "F E
133