P R OT E C T I O N

KBCH 120, 130, 140

Differential Protection for Transformers
and Generators

Type KBCH relays offer biased differential current,

restricted earth fault and overfluxing protection
primarily for the protection of two or three winding
power transformers, auto transformers or
generator-transformer units. The KBCH provides
these features in a very compact and space
efficient case size, for ease of installation.
All models are three phase units with internal
vector group compensation and line current
transformer ratio correction, thus eliminating the
need for interposing transformers.
Figure 1
KBCH relay

Up to four biased current inputs per phase can

be provided to cater for power transformers with
more than two windings and/or more than one
circuit breaker controlling each winding, as in
mesh or one-and-a-half circuit-breaker busbar
arrangements. Versions are available that can
accommodate a mixture of 1A (HV) and 5A (LV)
CTs, as well as standard models having all 1A or
all 5A CTs.
MODELS AVAILABLE
> KBCH120
offers 2 bias inputs per phase for the protection of a two-winding power
transformer.

Customer Benefits
Biased differential
protection
Restricted earth fault
protection
Overfluxing protection
Integral CT ratio and
vector group
compensation
Measurement of phase,
differential and bias
currents

AREVA T&D

> KBCH130
offers 3 bias inputs per phase for the protection of a three-winding power
transformer or a two-winding power transformer with 2 sets of CTs on one
winding.

> KBCH140
offers 4 bias inputs per phase.

All models are available with either 1A or 5A inputs on

the primary and secondary side. Alternatively the
KBCH 120 and 140 can be provided with 1A CTs on
the high voltage windings and 5A CTs on the low
voltage windings.

Operate

Differential current (xIn)=

pe

I1 + I1 + I3 + I4

In addition to the biased differential protection,

restricted earth fault protection has been included to
cover a larger percentage of the transformer windings.
Figure 7 shows some typical restricted earth fault
applications. The differential protection has been
designed to restrain when the transformer is overfluxed
so that an instantaneous trip is not issued for transient
overfluxing. Since a transformer cannot withstand a
severe overfluxing condition indefinitely, time delayed
overfluxing protection and an alarm stage has been
incorporated.
Contacts that monitor the status of external plant, such
as Buchholz protection and temperature measuring
devices, can be connected to any of the eight control
inputs that are available. Each input can be routed to
any number of the output relays via a variable time
delay if required.

0%

Restrain

8
1

Setting range
0.1 - 0.5In

slo

able
Allow tio error
ra
20%
20%

slope

Figure 2

Biased differential characteristic

A
B
C

FUNCTIONS
> Biased differential element
Figure 3
Each relay, contains a biased differential element per
phase with a characteristic as shown in Figure 2. The
KBCH has a dual slope bias characteristic.
The initial slope of 20%, from zero to rated current,
ensures sensitivity to faults whilst allowing for up to
15% mismatch when the power transformer is at the
limit of its tap range, in addition to current transformer
ratio errors. At currents above rated, extra errors may
be gradually introduced as a result of CT saturation.
The bias slope is therefore increased to 80% to
compensate for this.
The current waveform associated with magnetising
inrush is characterised by a period of each cycle where
its magnitude is very small, as shown in Figure 3. By
measuring the time of this period of low current, an
inrush condition can be identified.
Overfluxing restraint is conditioned by the percentage
of fifth harmonic current present.

> High set differential element

An additional high set instantaneous differential
element is provided to ensure rapid clearance of heavy
faults.
This element is essentially peak measuring to ensure
fast operation for internal faults with saturated CTs.

2>3

| I1 | + | I2 | + | I3 | + | I4 |
Effective Bias (xIn)=
2

Typical magnetising inrush waveforms

> Restricted earth fault protection

Greater sensitivity for earth faults is obtained by
including restricted earth fault protection. A separate
element per winding is provided. An externally
mounted stabilising resistor will be necessary for
optimum performance.
In applications where heavy internal earth fault levels
can occur and where a high stabilising resistor setting
is used, a voltage limiting, non-linear resistor may be
required.

> Overfluxing Alarm and Tripping Protection

A single phase-phase connected voltage input is
provided to enable overfluxing detection. Alarm and
tripping characteristics, which are based on a
measurement of the voltage/frequency ratio, are
provided.
The alarm is definite time delayed whilst the trip
characteristic may be selected as either definite time,
or an IDMT curve (Figure 4).

Integrated transformer protection

in a small package, for ease
of fitting / retrofitting.

CONFIGURATION

Operating time as a function of the actual excitation and the set

starting value for different time multiplier settings (K)

time (s)

The setting of logic function links, together with the

input and output masks, define the way the relay will
operate. This allows:

1000

100

Selection of features
K=6

Implementation of user defined logic using

auxiliary timers (8 available)
Control of the integral disturbance recorder.

K=4
K=2

10

K=5

> Inputs and outputs

K=1

1
1

KBCH has 8 optically isolated inputs which may be

reassigned by the user with any of the available
functions from the setting menu.
There are 8 programmable outputs, each comprising a
relay with 1 normally open contact.
A dedicated watchdog contact with 1 normally open
and 1 normally closed contact is also available.

> Alternative setting group

Two setting groups are provided.
This allows the user to set one group to normal
operating conditions while a second group may be set
to cover alternative operating conditions.

ANCILLARY FUNCTIONS
> Measurements
The relay can display the magnitude of phase currents
for each input, differential current and average bias
current.
The power system frequency is also displayed.

> Fault records

The fault flags for the last five faults are recorded by
the relay. Additional records of the magnitude of the
fault currents are also stored for the last fault.

1.1

1.2

1.3
M=

Figure 4

1.4

1.5

(V/f)
(V/f) setting

Inverse time characteristic for overfluxing protection

> Event records

Fifty events can be stored in a buffer. Software is
available to allow the events to be accessed remotely
by a PC via the communications system.

> Disturbance records (Oscillography)

The analogue channels record up to nine phase
currents (three per transformer winding) three
differential currents, three average bias currents and
the voltage.
The digital channels record the status of the output
relays and control inputs.

> Power-on diagnostics and self monitoring

Power-on diagnostic tests are carried out by the relay
when it is energised. Continuous self-monitoring, in the
form of watchdog circuitry and memory checks are also
performed. In the event of a failure, the relay will either
lock out or attempt a recovery, depending on the type
of failure detected.
Figure 5

Basic communication system

Relay 32

Relay 4

Desktop
computer
PC

Relay 3

Relay 2

Relay 1

Protocol
converter
KITZ
IEC870-5
RS232

K-Bus
RS485

1.6

USER INTERFACE

> Relay interconnection

The relays can be interconnected via a shielded,
twisted wire pair known as K-Bus.
The K-Bus is connected through a protocol converter
known as KITZ, either directly or via a modem, to the
RS-232 port of the PC.
This system allows up to 32 relays to be accessed
through one RS-232 communications port (Figure 5).

> Front panel user interface

The features of the relay can be accessed through a
menu-driven system.
The user can move around the menu by means of the
keys on the relay frontplate. This can be done with the
cover in place, but any change to the settings requires
the cover to be removed.

> Password protection

> Remote access user interface

The menu table can also be accessed via the remote
communications facility. This allows all of the menu
cells in a column to be displayed simultaneously on the
screen of a PC.

Password protection is provided on settings which alter

the configuration of the relay, any accidental change to
which could seriously affect the ability of the relay to
perform its intended function.

Figure 6

P1

Typical application diagram KBCH120

P2
S1

P2

S2

HV

P1
S2

LV

S1

A
B
C

63

69

64
65

70
71

66
67

72
73

68

74
75
KBCH 120

21

76
77

22
23

78
79

24
25

80
81

26
27

82
83

28

84
4

HV lo> (see Figure 10)

A
B

C
A

C
B
Phase rotation

AC/DC
supply

Vx

LV1 lo> (see Figure 10)

WD

13

RL2

18
4

29

RL4

31

32

33

34

10

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

Logic input common (1)

47

48

Initiate aux. timer 3 L3

49

50

51

52

53

54

55

56

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

21

22

79

80

23

24

81

82

25

26

83

84

27

28

13

14

17

18

19

20

SCN

36

Trip

Id > A,B,C Id >> A,B,C

Io > HV,LV1,LV2 V/f trip

Initiate aux. timer 1 L1

46
48

RL5

Initiate aux. timer 4 L4

Initiate aux. timer 5 L5
See Note 4
Initiate aux. timer 6 L6
Initiate aux. timer 7 L7
Logic input common (2)

44

Trip

Id > A,B,C Id >> A,B,C

Io > HV,LV1,LV2 V/f trip

Trip

31

Id > A,B,C Id >> A,B,C

Io > HV,LV1,LV2 V/f trip

Tap up

35

Tap down

37
RL6

Initiate aux. timer 2 L2

40

33

Initiate aux. timer 0 L0

Module terminal blocks

viewed from rear

Id > A,B,C Id >> A,B,C

Io > HV,LV1,LV2 V/f trip

29

30

65

Trip

42
RL3

1
5

Relay failed

38

17
3

32
34

RL1
a

64

Relay healthy

30
RL0

63

WD

57

6
3

14

50

39

Alarm = V/f alarm

41
RL7

52

43

Trip

Id > A,B,C Id >> A,B,C

Io > HV,LV1,LV2 V/f trip

57
45
47

1
Case earth connection

49

54

51
53

56
See Note 4

K-Bus communications port

SCN
7

55

+48V field voltage

Notes:
1. (a)

4>5

CT shorting links make

before (b) and (c) disconnect.

2. VT input must be supplied with phase - phase voltage.

Connections are typical only.

(b)

Short terminals break before (c).

3. Earth connections are typical only.

(c)

Long terminals.

4. SCN = Screen connection for K-Bus.

(d)

Pin terminal (PCB type)

KBCH : Quick to configure, simple to test

A
B

P1

P2
S1

P2

S2

P1
S2

S1

A
B
C

P2

P1

S2

Figure 7

S1
See
Note 2

See Note 1

63

69

64
65

70
71

RS

See
Note 2

66
67

72
73

68

RS
See
Note 1

74
75
KBCH 120

21

76
77

22
23

78
79

24
25

80
81

26
27

82
83

Notes:
1. See Service Manual R8530 for the setting of
the external stabilising resistor.

28

84

2. Optional voltage limiting non-linear resistor

(see Service Manual R8530).

> Operating time

> Technical Data

Nominal
(Vx)

Operative
Range (V)

24125V dc
or
110V
50/60Hz ac

20150V dc

48250V dc
or
220V
50/60Hz ac

33300V dc

Absolute
Maximum (V)

low set
high set
REF

typically
typically
typically

30 35ms
15ms
20 40ms

190V crest
Vector group and ratio correction
50133V ac
HV Ratio Cor (primary)
380V crest

LV1 Ratio Cor (secondary)

LV2 Ratio Cor (tertiary)

87265V ac

Field voltage supply for optically

isolated digital inputs
(current limit: 60mA)

48V dc

Yy0 (0deg), Yd1 (30deg), Yd2 (60deg),

Yd3 (90deg), Yd4 (120deg),
Yd5 (150deg), Yy6 (+180deg),
Yd7 (+150deg), Yd8 (+120deg),
Yd9 (+90deg), Yd10 (+60deg), Yd11 (+30deg),
Ydy0 (0deg), Ydy6 (+180deg),
HV Ratio Cor (primary)
0.05 to 2 in steps of 0.01
LV1 Ratio Cor (secondary)
0.05 to 2 in steps of 0.01
LV2 Ratio Cor (tertiary)
0.05 to 2 in steps of 0.01

Typical restricted
earth fault connections

> Watchdog relays

> Digital Inputs

1 make and 1 break

Optically isolated inputs
8 energised from the 48V field voltage

Make:

10A and carry for 0.2s

Carry:

> Contacts

Break:

5A continuous
DC

Output relays 8 single make

AC

> Contact ratings

Make:

30A and carry for 0.2s

Carry:

5A continuous

Break:

DC

AC

30W resistive
15W inductive
(L/R = 0.04s)
1250VA
(5A maximum)

Subject to maxima of 5A and 300V

50W resistive
25W inductive
(L/R = 0.04s)
1250VA
(5A maximum)

Subject to maxima of 5A and 300V

TRANSFORMER CONFIGURATION

Setting

No. of bias
inputs

Configuration

Applicable to:

HV

HV + LV

KBCH120/130/140
LV
HV

HV + LV1 + LV2

KBCH130/140
LV2

LV1

HV

HV (x2) + LV

KBCH130/140**
LV
HV

HV + LV (x2)

KBCH130/140
LV

HV

HV (x2) + LV1 + LV2

Only KBCH140
LV2

LV1
HV

HV + LV1 (x2) + LV2

LV1

LV2

Only KBCH140**

HV

HV (x2) + LV (x2)

Only KBCH140
LV

6>7

Transformer, generator or reactor

differential, and busbar protection
(arrangements with up to 4 feeders)

CASE
4 holes 4.4

200

The KBCH unit is housed in a size 8 Midos case as

shown in Figure 8.

155.4
24

168

Figure 8

Push button
projection 10 max

Case outline size 8

159

203
Panel cut-out:
Flush mounting fixing details

32

212

25 min.

177

157 max.

Reset
206

Flush mounting

All dimensions in mm

INFORMATION REQUIRED WITH ORDER

Unit type

KBCH1

2 bias inputs per phase

3 bias inputs per phase
4 bias inputs per phase
Configuration:
Standard
Case Size:
Size 8 Midos flush mounting
Auxiliary voltage:
24/125V
48/250V
Rating:
Vn = 100/120V In = 1A
Vn = 100/120V In = 5A
* Vn = 100/120V In = 1A/5A
Language:
English
French
German
Spanish
* Not available for KBCH 130.

0
2
3
4

2
5

L
M
P

E
F
G
S

11

AREVA TRACK RECORD TRANSFORMER DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

>> Over 34 000 predecessor MBCH

relays shipped.
>> Over 10 500 KBCH differential

relays delivered since launch in 1994.

>> MiCOM P63x series available for fully integrated transformer

protection, with extra overcurrent

protection and Programmable Logic (PSL).
>> KVGC 202 available for voltage

AUTOMATION-L3-KBCH-BR-04.05-0910-GB - 2005 AREVA - AREVA, the AREVA logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of AREVA.
MiCOM is a registered trademark of AREVA. All trade names or trademarks mentioned herein whether registered or not, are the property of their owners. - 389191982 RCS PARIS - Printed in France - SONOVISION-ITEP

regulation (tap change control).

AREVA T&D Worldwide Contact Centre:

http://www.areva-td.com/contactcentre/
Tel.: +44 (0) 1785 250 070

www.areva-td.com
www.areva-td.com/protectionrelays

Our policy is one of continuous development. Accordingly the

design of our products may change at any time. Whilst every
effort is made to produce up to date literature, this brochure
should only be regarded as a guide and is intended for
information purposes only. Its contents do not constitute an offer
for sale or advise on the application of any product referred to in
it. We cannot be held responsible for any reliance on any
decisions taken on its contents without specific advice.