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Pufer
Pufer
Pufer
pH = 7
Acetatni pufer
CH3COOH / CH3COO-
CH3COOH + H2O
kiselina
CH3COO- + H3O+
konjugovana
baza
CH3COOH + H2O
CH3COO- + Na+
CH3COONa
H3O+
dodamo kiselinu
(H3O+ jone)
CH3COO- + H3O+
CH3COOH + H2O
dodamo bazu
(OH- jone)
HO + H3O
2 H2O
H2O
HA
HA
HA
H3O+
H3O+
H2O
A
HA
HA
HO
H3O+
Amonijani pufer
NH3 / NH4+
NH3 + H2O
baza
NH4+ + OHkonjugovana
kiselina
NH4OH
NH4Cl
dodamo kiselinu
(H3O+ jone)
dodamo bazu
(OH-
jone)
NH4+ + OH+
NH4
+ Cl
OH-
2 H2O
NH4OH
(NH3 + H2O)
v1
CH3COO- + H3O+
v2
CH3COONa
CH3COO- + Na+
v1 = k1 [CH3COOH]
v2 = k2 [CH3COO-][H3O+]
v1 = v 2
k1 [CH3COOH] = k2 [CH3COO-][H3O+]
KCH3COOH =
[CH3COO-][H3O+]
[CH3COOH]
[H3O+] = KCH3COOH
[H3O
[CH3COOH]
[CH3COO-]
c(kiseline)
] = Ka
c(soli)
[H3O
c(kiseline)
] = Ka
c(soli)
- log
O+]
ca
= -log(Ka
)
cs
O+]
ca
= -logKa - log
cs
- log[H3
- log[H3
cs
pH = pKa + log
ca
Hendersonov obrazac
v1
NH4OH
+
NH4
+ OH
+
NH4
v2
NH4Cl
[NH4+][OH-]
KNH4OH =
[NH4OH]
[OH ] = KNH4OH
[NH4OH]
[NH4+]
+ Cl
[OH-]
= Kb
c(baza)
c(soli)
cs
pOH = pKb + log c
b
Kapacitet pufera
cs
pH = pKa + log
ca
[soli] = [kiseline]
ili
cs = 10ca
10
pH = pKa + log
1
pH = pKa + 1
ca = 10cs
1
pH = pKa + log
10
pH = pKa - 1
pH oblast
delovanja pufera
pH = pKa 1
pK(CH3COOH) = 4,75
pH = pK 1
pH = 4,75 1
3,75 < pH < 5,75
fosfatni pufer
H2PO4NaH2PO4
H2PO4- + H2O
OH-
HPO42Na2HPO4
HPO42- + H3O+
H3O+
HPO42- + H3O+
H2PO4- + OH-
HPO42- + H2O
H2PO4- + H2O
H2PO4- + H3O+
K1
H2PO4- + H2O
HPO42- + H3O+
K2
HPO42- + H2O
PO43- + H3O+
pKa2 = 6,2
pH = 6,2 1
K3
Bikarbonatni pufer
H2CO3
HCO3OH- + H3O+
2 H2O
OHH2CO3 + H2O
NaHCO3
HCO3- + H3O+
Na+ + HCO3H3O+
H3O+ + HCO3-
H2CO3 + H2O
Primer:
[H3O ] = Ka
ca
cs
cs
= Ka
ca
[H3
O +]
= 1,8
. 10-5
0,25
8,1
. 10-6
= 0,56 M