Chapter 1 How did Chemistry begin?

1.1

The foundations of chemistry

What is the difference between an alchemist and a chemist? _________________

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

1.2

Who discovered the elements?

Write a brief paragraph about each of the following explaining the legacy they left
to chemistry:

Boyle: ______________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Priestly _____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________

Lavoisier ____________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
KQ 7a & b

1.3

Elements: names and symbols

Explain the three ways the names and symbols of many of the earliest elements
were developed.
1. (a) _____________________________________________________________

(b) ____________________________________________________
2.________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Include 2 examples from p 385

1.4

Dalton: recognizing invisible elements

List the ideas in Daltons atomic theory. Simplify them to fit from p 9

1. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
2. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
3. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
4. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
5. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
6. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
7. ____________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
8. ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Dalton estimated the weight of an ___________, relative to the mass
of a ____________________atom which gave rise to the concept of
________________ atomic ___________? (Chem fact p 9).

1.5

The Periodic table: the elements organizer (p 11- 13)

What was Berzelius main contribution to the development of the modern Periodic
table?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Mendeleev: The two rules he followed when developing his version of the Periodic
table were to ______________________________________________________ &
___________________________________________________________________
As the chemical properties of the elements ________ as you move across the Period.
He included only ___ elements and left gaps in the table to _________ .
He was able to predict the properties of unknown elements based on their Relative
Atomic weights. As is so often happens other scientist were working along
similar ideas at about the same time as Mendeleev but he is the one who has
gain the recognition.
Periodicity refers to _______
Key questions: In your workbook.
CR: 16 & 21 p 14

9,10,11,12. Page 9

Ions and their valences & Acids and Bases

Cations (+)

Formula

Anions (-)

Formula

Ammonium

Sulfate
ion

Calcium ion

Carbonate
ion

Potassium
ion

Phosphate
ion

Hydrogen ion

Chloride
ion

Magnesium
ion

Fluoride
ion

Sodium ion

Nitrate
ion

Zinc ion

Hydroxide
ion
Acids

&

Base

Sulfuric
acid

Hydrochloric
acid

Nitric
acid

Acetic
acid

Sodium
hydroxide

Calcium
hydroxide