Nguyen Quang Minh PDF

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013
Chng 7:
7.1. Vn tc truyn ca sng b mt c bin nh c cho bi cng thc
c2 =
g
2 h
tanh
2
Vi h l su cht lng, l bc sng. S dng L v V0 tm cc i lng v th nguyn

lin h cc i lng ny
Gii:
Phng trnh :
c2 =
g
2 h
(1)
tanh
2
v th nguyn phng trnh trn ta chia tt c chiu di cho L v vn tc cho V0. Ta k hiu :
h
c
= , h = , c =
L
V0
Thay vo phng trnh (1), ta c :
c =
LV0
gL
V02 2
2 h
tanh
Vy ta c 2 s v th nguyn :
LV
2
0
gL
V02
7.6. Nghin cu chuyn ng ca bu kh quyn, ngi ta m hnh theo cng thc

DV
1
+ 2V = p
Dt

Vi V l vn tc lt trn b mt kh quyn, p l gradient p sut kh hu, l vn tc quay

ca tri t. ngha ca V ? S dng p v L tm cc i lng v th nguyn
Gii:
Ta c :

DV
1
+ 2V = p
Dt

Ta v th nguyn ha cc i lng trong phng trnh :
V
p
x
V
V = , p =
, = , x = , t = t
V
p
L
L
Vi
DV V
=
+ V .V
Dt
t
Suy ra :
+ V .V + 2
L
p
V =
p
2
V
V
Do c 2 s v th nguyn :
L
p
v
V
V 2
7.8. vn tc cao, lc cn ph thuc vo nht ca cht lng. Lc cn F i vi 1 t ch ph
thuc vo vn tc V, khi lng ring , kch thc xe c trng bi din tch mt trc A. Tm
biu thc lin h F v V
Gii:
Chn 3 i lng c th nguyn c lp l
V, , A
Ta c
V A
( LT ) ( ML ) ( L )
Suy ra
= 2 , = 1 , = 1.
Vy
=
Do F ph thuc vo V2.
V A
2
MLT 2
MLT 2
M L 3 + 2 T

7.9. Thc nghim cho thy chnh lch p sut ca dng chy khi i qua 1 ng hnh tr c
ng knh l d v D c biu din: p = p1 p 2 = f ( , , V, d,D ) Tm biu thc ca p
Gii:
Ta c mi quan h
p = p1 p2 = f ( , ,V , d , D)
D, V, .
Ta c :
1 =
Suy ra :
p
M L 1T 2
M L 1T 2
=
=
D aV b c La ( L T 1 )b ( M L 3 )c M c La + b 3 c T b
a = 0, b = 2, c = 1
Vy
1 =
p
V 2
Tng t :
2 =
D aV b c
Suy ra :
a = 1, b = 1, c = 1.
Vy
2 =
Suy ra :
3 =
La ( L T
) (M L )
b
M L 1T 1
M c La + b 3 cT
DV
d
=
D V b c
La ( L T
a
a = 1 , b = c = 0.
Vy
3 =
Cui cng ta c:
M L 1T
d
D
) (M L )
b
L
c
M L
a +b3c

p
d
=f
,
2
V
DV D
7.12. Vn tc trung bnh u ca dng chy ri hoc lp bin ph thuc vo lc ma st trn thnh
ng w , khong cch ti thnh y, khi lng ring v nht . Tm biu din ca u theo cc
thng s trn
Ta c
f (u, w , y, , ) = 0 .
y, , w .
Ta c :
1 =
u
y a w b c
L T 1
L a M L 1T 2
) (M L )
b
L T 1
M c + b La b 3 c T 2 b
Suy ra :
a = 0, b = 1/2, c = -1/2.
Nn
1 =
w /
u
u0
Tng t :
2 =
y a wb c
ML1T 1
La ML1T 2
) ( ML )
b
ML1T 1
M c+b Lab3cT 2b
Suy ra :
a = 1, b = 1/2, c = 1/2.
Nn
2 =
Vy ta c :
y w
y w /
yu0

u
yu
= f 0
u0

7.38. Mt my bay bay vi vn tc 20m/s trong khng kh iu kin tiu chun. Mt m hnh
vi t l 1:20 c th nghim trong hm gi vi cng nhit xc nh lc cn. M hnh
ng dng y l g? Nu m hnh c test vn tc 75m/s th p sut trong hm gi l bao
nhiu. Nu lc cn ln m hnh l 250N th lc cn ln my bay tht l bao nhiu
Gii:
ng dng ng lc hc ta ng dng s Reynolds :
VL VL
t m
Trong
t = m
V xt cng nhit v Lt = 20 Lm v Vt = 20 m/s, Vm = 75 m/s
Suy ra :
m = Vt Lt m = 5.33
t V m Lm t
Xt kh l tng ta c : p = RT suy ra :
Ta c :
m pm
=
t
pt
=> pm = pt
m
= 5.33 105 Pa
t
Ta cng c :
F F
=
2 2
2 2
V L t V L m
( V L )
( V L )
2 2
Suy ra
Ft = Fm
2 2
= 1334 N
7.41. Th nghim o lc cn ln m hnh t trong 1 thng nc sch. M hnh c t l 1:5 so

vi tht. iu kin m bo ng dng ng hc. Xc nh tc ca t trong khng kh. Vn
tc ca m hnh Vm = 4m / s , lc cn ln m hnh l 182N. Xc nh lc cn ln t vn tc
92km/h trong khng kh

Gii:
Tng t nh bi 7.38 ta cng ng dng ng lc hc theo s Reynolds
Ta cho
T = 200.
Ta c :
V t Lm t 1 15.13 10 6
=
=
= 3.03
V m Lt m 5
10 6
V
FD FD
=
2 2
2 2

V L t V L m
Nn ta c :
( V L )
( V L )
2 2
FDt = FDm
2 2
1.2 25
= 182
5 = 214 N
998.2 4
7.45. Mt cnh my bay c chiu di chore 5ft v span l 30ft c thit k bay trong khng
kh chun vi vn tc 230ft/s. Mt m hnh t l 1:10 c test trong 1 hm gi. Tc cn thit
trong hm gi m bo ng dng ng lc hc. Tnh t l ca lc o c trn m hnh vi
mu tht
Gii:
Trc tin ta c quan h :
F = f (l , s,V , , )
Nh vy s c nhng s v th nguyn sau :
s
F
,
2 2 = f
V l
Vl l
Chn T = 150 , ta c :
Vm = Vt
V :
lt m
1.141
= 230 10
= 179 ft/s
lm t
14.65
Nguyn
n Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013
(
(
)
)
2 2
Fm = V l m = 999.1 179 1 2 = 4.94
Ft
1.223 230 10
V 2l 2
t
7.62.
Ta c :
1
Fm = SmCLVm2 = kmVm2
2
Vm(m/s)
Fm (N)
10
2.2
15
4.8
20
8.7
25
13.3
30
19.6
35
26.5
40
34.5
45
43.8
50
54.0
Lift and Speed for Airplane model

1600
1400
y = 0.021x1.995
1200
Fm (N)
1000
800
Fm
600
Power (Fm)
400
200
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Vm (m/s)
Trn th ta thy km = 0.021

ng dng ng lc hc, h s lc nng khng i, do ta c :
2
kt
S c
= t = t = 1111
km Sm cm
=> kt = 1111 km = 23.33
Ta c bng sau cho vn tcc v lc
l nng thc t :
Vt(m/s)
Ft (kN)
75
131.2
100
233.3
125
364.5
150
524.9
175
714.5
200
933.2
225
1181.1
250
1458.1

Ta c th :
Lift and Speed for Airplane Prototype

1600
1400
1200
Ft (kN)
1000
800
600
Ft
400
200
0
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
Vt (m/s)
7.64
Ta c quan h :
Q = f (p, , D, )

D, , .
Ta lp c quan h 2 s v th nguyn :
p
Q
=f
2 2
3
D
D
Q(m3/hr)
p (kPa)
0
361
100
349
150
328
200
293
250
230
300
145
325
114
350
59
Da trn bng s liu ta nhn xt quan h 2 s v th nguyn c th l bc 2

Q
Q
p
= a
+ b
+c
2 2
3
3
D
D
D
2
Vi = 999 kg/m3 , = 750 rpm = 78.53 rad/s = 282700 rad/hr, D = 1m

Ta c bng
Q/(D3)x10-4
2
p/( D )x10
-2
3.54
5.31
7.07
8.84
10.61
11.5
12.38
5.86
5.66
5.32
4.76
3.73
2.35
1.85
0.96
Ta v biu :
Pump Data and Trendline

0,07
0,06
p/(2D2)
0,05
0,04
Pump Data
0,03
Poly. (Pump Data)

0,02
y = -42268x2 + 13.28x + 0.058

0,01
0
0
0,0002
0,0004
0,0006
0,0008
0,001
0,0012
0,0014
Q/(D3)
T th suy ra : a = -42268, b = 13.28, c = 0.058

2
Vy
Vi = 500 rpm = 52.35 rad/s = 188460 rad/hr

Ta c bng :
Q(m3/hr)
p (kPa)
Q
Q
p
= 44268
+ 13.28
+ 0.058
2 2
3
3
D
0
159
25
161
50
160
75
154
100
144
150
111
200
61
250
1
300
444
350
353
Vi = 1000 rpm = 104.7 rad/s = 376920 rad/hr

Ta c bng :
Q(m3/hr)
p (kPa)
0
635
25
642
50
646
100
640
150
616
250
518

Ta c th :
Pump Curves
700
600
p (kPa)
500
400
= 750 rpm
300
= 500 rpm
= 1000 rpm
200
100
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Q (m3/hr)
7.65
Ta c mi quan h : Q = f ( P, , h, , D, )
S dng ng dng th nguyn ta c :
h
P
Q

= f 2 2,
,
3 5
3
2
D
D D D
Do :
Qm m Dm3
Dm3
Q Q
=
=>
=
=
2
3
3
Qt t Dt3
Dt3
D t D m
h h
hm m2 Dm2
Dm2
=
=>
=
=
4
2 2 2 2
ht t2 Dt2
Dt2
D t D m
Pm m m3 Dm5
Dm5
P P
3 5
3 5
=
=> P = 3 D 5 = 8 D5
t
t
t
t
t
D m D t
M :
Pt = Qh = 13.2 hp

Nn
Dm
1 Pm
=5
= 0.491
Dt
8 Pt
Suy ra :
Dm = 0.491 ft ; Qm = 5.92 ft 3 / s ; hm = 145 ft.lbf/slug

Chng 8:
8.14. Tm m thy tnh (hydrostatic bearing) chu mt ti phn b u 3600 lbf/ft-chiu-di
(tm m hnh ch nht t vung gc vi mt phng t giy). Du s dng l SEA 30, 100F
v 100 psig.
Tm : (a) b rng cn thit ca tm m chu ti,
(b) phn b p sut dc tm m
(c) b dy k h nu Q/l
0,6 10 ft /min/ft chiu di.
Gii:
Coi l dng lu cht chuyn ng gia 2 tm phng t song song l pht trin ha ton, chy
tng (1), ta c
P d yx
=
= cte
x
dx
Suy ra phn b p sut l tuyn tnh theo phng x
Mt khc, ta c iu kin bin P(0) = Pi ;
w
P = 0 , do :
2
2x
P(x) = Pi 1
= Pi 1
w
w /2
Gi q l phn b ti, q
3600 lbf/ft-chiu-di, b l chiu su tm m (tnh vo mt phng t
giy).
p lc sinh ra trn tm m (bearing) :
F = 2 P(x)dx = 2
w /2
w /2
P(x)bdx = 2
2x
P 1 w bdx
i

W
x2 2
w
2x
Pi 1
dx = 2Pi x = 2Pi
W 0
4
W
W /2
F = qb q = 2
2
1
1 in
100 lbf psig

3600 in 2
3600 ft 2
= 2.
=
2.
= 0,5ft
100 ft
100.144 ft
W=
2q
lbf
= 2.3600
Pi
ft
P
P
P
2.100
=
=
=
= 400psig / ft
W
x
x
0, 5
2
p dng cng thc cho dng chy loi (1) (cng thc 8.6b trang 315) ta c :
1/3
Q
12
Q
1 P 3
l
=
h h = P
l
12 x
Tra bng ta c
0,11 N s/m = 2,3 10 lbf s/ft .
s
s
= 2,3lbf 2
2
m
ft
3
ft
ft 2
Q / l = 0, 6.103
= 105
min .ft
s
P
psig
lbf
= 400
= 400 2
x
ft
in .ft
= 0,11N
Vy
1/3
12.2,3.103.105
h=
in 2 .ft )
(
400
Kim tra li gi tr s Reynolds :

Re =

!
!
Tra bng = 1,29 10 ft /s. Q/l = 10$ ft /s

Re =
1/3
12.2, 3.103.105
=
.12 ( in 3 )
400
10$
= 7,75 10 2300
1,29 10
= 2, 02 ( in )

Vy hon ton ph hp vi gi thit chy tng.
8.15. Thnh phn c bn ca thit b kim tra p sut d (pressure gage tester)
bao gm h thng piston-cylinder nh hnh v. Piston - ng kinh 6mm,
chiu di 25mm - c t ti to ra p sut theo gi tr cho trc.
Tnh khi lng M to ra p sut 1,5MPa (p sut d) trong cylinder. Xc
nh vn tc dng r theo hm ca bn knh h a, vi ti nh trn trong mi
trng lu cht l du SAE 30 200C. Xc nh gi tr ti a cho php ca
bn knh h chuyn ng dc trc ca piston do dng r hn 1mm/min
Gii:
a) Tnh khi lng M:
Phng trnh nh lut II Newton cho piston:
F* = ma
T , khi lng ca vt
D
p 0 Mg
0
4
D
0,006
M=
p = 3,14.
. 1,5.105
4,32kg
4g
4.9,81
b) Biu thc xc nh lu lng dng r theo a:
Gi s khong h rt nh so vi ng knh piston, b qua chuyn ng ca piston, ta c th
xem dng r chy qua khong h nh l dng lu cht chy qua 2 tm phng, do lu lng
dng r c tnh theo cng thc:
Q a p
l 12L
Trong l l chiu di ca 2 thnh phng nn l

D, cng thc lu lng dng r c vit li:
a p
Q
D ~ a
12L

c) Khong h a ln nht vn tc theo phng thng ng ca piston do c dng r nh hn
1mm/pht:
Khi piston i xung vi vn tc v, lu lng ca dng r:
Q=
Do Q ~ a nn a max khi Q max:

Q;<=
D
v
4
D
0,001
=
v;<= = >0,006 ?.
= 4,71.10@A >m /s?
4
4
60
T khong h ln nht (vi du SAE30 20 c = 0,42 Nm/s ):

CDEF

12HIJ
12
0,025
O = G 0,42. 4,71.10@A .
O
=G
KLMN
M
0,006.1,5.105
CDEF = 1,28.10$ >P?

Kim tra li gi thit:
Vn tc trung bnh ca dng r:
J
J
4,71.10@A
Q= =
=
= 1,95 >PP/S? Q = 0,001 >PP/PUV?
R MNC M. 0,006.1,28.10$
= 1,67.10W >PP/S?
Do c th xem piston ng yn
Tnh s Reynolds:
XY =
Z
Z[\ A > 4?
nht ng hc thng qua nht ng lc hc

^=
Ta c:
H
H
0,42
=
=
= 4,57.10W >P /S?
Z Z[\_ XY 1000.0,92

à =
QC
1,28.10$
= 1,95.10 .
5,46.10$ 1
^
4,57.10W
Nn dng r l dng chy tng.

8.16. Lu cht nht chy trong khe hp gia hai a song song nh
hnh v. Lu lng chy J, gia tc khng ng k. Profile vn tc

coi nh pht trin hon chnh.
(b) Tm biu thc bc >d?
(c) TmkL/kd trong khe hp
(d) Tm biu thc L>d?
(a) Chng t rng net force cn gi cho a bn trn (lc cn bng vi p lc tc dng ln a bn
trn) nm cn bng l
3HJ`
À
w1 0 g i x
v
e
`
Gii:
(a) Ta c J
bc 2Mde suy ra
bc
J
2Mde
(b) Coi dng chy trong khe l chy tng, pht trin y , phng ca dng chy l phng ly
tm (p sut thay i theo hng knh)
J
1 hL
0
g ie
f
12H hd
Vif
2Md (tng ng, J l lu lng qua mt tr bn knh j), t
kL
6HJ
0
kd
Me d
(c) Tch phn t d l À n ` :

o>p?
LEmD 0 L>d?
n
o>q?
kL
n
p
kL
6HJ
kd
n 0 kd
kd
Me d
q
p
6HJ
LEmD 0 L>d?
t0 fV>d ?u
Me
q

L>d? = LEmD +
6HJ `
fV
M d
Ta c iu kin bin ca trng p sut : L>d À ? = LA , L>d = ` ? = LEmD (LA l p sut u

vo).
(d) Ta s dng p sut d tnh ton. p sut d ti bin L>` ? = 0, ti vng trung tm
L>d À ? = LA =
5{|
}~
fV
p lc trong vng trung tmd À l LA MÀ . Vi phn p lc tc dng ln a trn vng
d > À l :
kv = >L>d? LEmD ?2Mdkd =

=
12HJ
`
d fV kd

6HJ `
fV 2Mdkd
M d
Ly tch phn trn ton b a, ta c p lc tng cng :

12HJ
`
d fV kd >1?

d
qp
p
v = LA MÀ + n
i bin :
d
kd = ` k
`
d
d=`
`
(1) tr thnh :
v = LA MÀ
12HJ @ d d
d
` n fV k

p `
` `
p
6HJ `
12HJ d 1
d
1@

= g fV i MÀ ` G fV O q
M
À
`
2
`
4
=
6HJÀ

fV
` 12HJ`
1
1
À
1
À
1

>
?
>1?
G
O
G
O
fV
1
g
i
fV
g
i
À

2
4
`
2
`
4

6HJ` À
` 6HJ`
1
À À 1 À
fV
g
i fV + g i

`
À

2
`
` 2 `

À
3HJ`
w1 g i x
=

`
8.18. S dng profile vn tc t bi 8.17:
@
L V
=g
i
1
I V+1
Chng t rng lu lng ca dng chy tng theo hm ly tha gia hai tm phng ng yn
song song c th vit di dng sau:
@
L
i
J=g
I
2V
2V + 1
W l b dy tm phng. Vi nhng d liu thc nghim cho bn di ng vi L v Q c xc

nh:
L
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Q
0.451 0.759 1.01
1.15
1.41
1.57
1.66
1.85
2.05
2.25
Xc nh rng nu lu cht l pseudoplatic or dialarant v tin hnh thc nghim vi gi tr n.
Gii:
p dng cng thc profile vn tc chng minh c cu 8.17, ta c:
@
L V
=g
i
1
I V+1
Lu lng ca dng chy:
M bc =
A k ~
~
@
J = bc R = bc >2? = n k = 2 n k
~
A
~ o ~ @
=
w1

@ A
@
~ o ~
xd =
w
~

@ ~
L V
1
L V V + 1
L V
bc = g
i
1
=g
i
=g
i
V+1
I
V+1
I
V + 1 2V + 1
I 2V + 1
V
@
L V
L 2V
J = bc R = bc >2? = g
i
2 = g
i
I
2V + 1
2V + 1
I

8.22. Nc 600C chy gia 2 tm phng rt ln. Tm pha di di chuyn sang tri vi vn tc
0.3 m/s, tm trn ng yn. Khong cch gia 2 tm l 3 mm, dng chy tng. Xc nh
gradient p sut to ra lu lng bng 0 ti mt ct.
Gii
p dng phng trnh momentum
v + v =
h
. kR
n Zk + n Zb
h
= F = H
Gi s:
k
k
(1) v = 0
(2) Dng dng (Steady flow)
(3) Dng pht trin y (Fully-developed flow)
(4) Lu cht Newton
T cc gi s trn, ta c :
v = 0
do (1)
Zk
m
=0
do (2)
. kR = 0
Zb
do (3)
Vy v = 0
T cng thc (8.3) (2.10), ta c

o
F
Hay
\
\
@ o
=H
{ F
Ly nguyn hm biu thc trn 2 ln, ta c

=
iu kin bin :
1 hL
+ @ +
2H h
= 0, = >5?t
= , = 0
>6?
T iu kin (5), ta c =
T iu kin (6),
0=
Hay
1 hL
+ @
2H h
@ =
Vy
=
1 hL
2H h
1 hL
> ? + 1
2H h
tnh lu lng Q, ta c
1 hL
1 hL
J
> ? + 1O k =
= n k = n G

12H h
2
A
A 2H h
Vi H = 4.63 10W
Q = 0
.
D\
hL
6H
1
= = 6 0.3 4.63 10W

=
92.6
>0.003?
h
P
Vy p sut gim theo phng x lu lng bng 0.
8.25. u c ca a my tnh t trn 1 a quay v cch mt lp mng khng kh (coi

dy ca lp khng kh l 0,5m). V tr ca u c cch tm a quay 150mm, vn tc quay ca
a l 3600rpm. u c l c kch thc 10mm mi chiu. Cho khng kh ti khong h gia
u c v a iu kin chun, tnh:
a) S Reynolds ca dng khng kh;
b) ng sut nht dc;

c) Cng sut yu cu thng lc nht
Gii:
Ta c:
= 3600 dLP
60 dLS
377 dCk/S
b
`
0,15.377
56,55 P/S
Ti
15B, ta c ^
1,46.10$ P /S
à
ZbC bC 56,55.0,5.105
1,94
H
^
1,46.10$
Gi thit khng kh iu kin chun H

1,79.10$ /PS
Vi khong h nh
k
b
56,55
H
1,79.10$ .
2,02 /P
k
C
0,5.105
Lc cn thit: v
R v moment xon l:
v`
R`
Cng sut tiu tn

R`
2,02.10 . >0,01 0.01?. 0,15.377
11,4
8.32. Mt cng dy nt c ko ln trong mt bn ha hc
vi vn tc U0, ko theo mt lp cht lng dy h, khi lng
ring Z, nht ng lc hc H. Trng lc c xu hng ko
cht
Gii:lng xung nhng s di chuyn ca cng dy lm cht
lng b trt ra. Dng l pht trin hon ton, chy tng v
gradient p sut bng 0 v ng sut trt ti b mt cht lng
l 0. Lp biu thc profile vn tc.

FS x + FBx =
CV
CS

udV
uV
+
dA
FS x ch c lc trt
Dng n nh
udV = 0
t CV
Dng pht trin u
uVdA = 0
CS
d dy
d yx dy
FSx + FBx = F1 F2 + FBx = yx + yx

dxdz yx
dxdz gdxdyd = 0
dy 2
dy 2
d yx
= g
dy
du
yx = gy + C1 =
dy
u =
gy 2 C1 y
+
+ C2
2
iu kin bin :
= 0, = A = A ;
= , F = 0 @ = Z
Vy:
\
{
~
{
+ A
8.34. Profile vn tc ca dng pht trinn y (fully developed flow) ca nc gia 2 tm

phng song song vi tm trn di chuyn c cho trong phng trnh 8.8. Gi s U = 2 m/s v a
= 2.5 mm. Xc nh lu lng th tch trn mi n v m ti gradient p sut bng 0. Tnh
shear stress ti tm di v v phn b phn b shear stress dc theo tm. Lu lng th tch
tng hay gim di tc dng nh ca gradient p sut ? Tnh gradient p sut vi shear stress
bng 0 ti y/a =0.25, v phn b shear stress cho trng hp ny.
Gii:
Ta c phng trnh 8.8

u=
2
Uy a 2 p y y
+

a 2 x a a
V phng trnh 8.9b

Q Ua
1 p 3
=
a
l
2 12 x
Ta c,
o
F
= 0. Do ,
Q Ua 1
m2
=
= 3 2,5 103 = 3, 75 103
l
2 2
s
Shear stress
F = H
Vi H = 1.14 10
.
D\
ti 150C
Vy F = 1.14 10 3
.$@A
= 1.37 /P
Shear stress khng i dc theo khe

T phng trnh 8.9b cho ta thy, vi
= 0 ti y/a = 0.25
F = 0 = H
Vy
o
F
> 0, Q s gim.
hL 1 1
+ Cg iG O
C
h 4 2

hL
H
1
= 4 = 4 1.14 10 3 g
i
= 2.19

h
C
2.5 10
P
Gradient p sut
F = 1.14 10
3
1

G
+
2.5
10
2.19
O
2.5 10
C 2
1
F = 1.37 + 5.48 g i
C 2

line 2
40
y/a
30
20
10
0
-10 0
4
Tau xy
8.38. Mt bm du hot ng theo nguyn l ca lc nht nh hnh v. Trc ca bm quay vi

vn tc gc , trc quay ca bm c bn knh l R, khe hp gia trc v thnh bm l a <<R.
Bm c b dy b (theo phng vung gc vi hnh v). lch p ca u ra v u vo bm l
P . Tm
a. Chnh lch p sut
b. Cng thc hin u vo
c. Hiu sut theo lu lng th tch Q
Gii:
V a<<R nn ta xem nh y l dng chuyn ng gia 2 tm
phng song song
p p
Q Ua
1 p 3
=
a vi U = R v x = L
b
2 12 x
p =
12 L Ra Q 6 LR
2Q
=
1
3
2
a 2
b
a
abR
Moment T = yx R ( bL ) v cng thc hin P = T

Trong
yx =
P = RLb yx
U
p a 1 U a p
p y 1 U
+ a =
+a
=
+
a
a
L a 2
a
2 L
x a 2
R 6 LR
2Q a
R p a
P = RLb
+
+
= RLb
1

2
L 2
a
a
abR 2 L
a
R
6Q Lb ( R )
6Q
= RLb
4
=
4
abR
a
abR
a
2

Cng sut hu ch l QP , nn hiu sut l
2Q
1
Qp 6 QLR
a
2Q
1
6Q
abR
=
=
=
1
2
6
Q
6Q
p
a2
abR
abR
Lb ( R ) 4
4
abR
abR
8.43. Trong thit k xe hi, xu hng truyn ng tt c cc bnh xe ang pht trin nhm tng
hiu sut hot ng v an ton khi xe mt ma st. Nhng xe ny c b vi sai c th hot ng
trn ng kh. Trong qu trnh phn tch v thit k cn phi xc nh truyn ng xon bi b
vi sai vi tc khc nhau. Xc nh kch thc ca b truyn ng vi sai vi monen xon
150Nm ti tc quay 125 vng/pht th s dng du bi trn loi SAE 30.
Gii:
Ta c:
dT = rdP = rdA
du
u
r
= =
, dA = 2dr
dy
h
h
r
2 4
2rdr =
dT = r
R0 Ri4 )
(
h
2h
t =
p
p
Ri
4
=> T =
R (1 4 )
R
2h
n 4
R (1 4 )
2h
Vi n khe h:
T=
Vi H = 0.18
, = 1 W = 1
@

@5
2J n
(150 )( 60 ) = 40.528
nR 4
2
=
=
h
( 0.18 )(125 )( 2 )
R4 =
40.528h
r
h = 0.2mm, n = 100 R = 0.09488

8.48 . Trong 1 nht k thng mi, lu lng dng chy c tnh bng cch xc nh thi gian
1 th tch xc nh chy xung dc qua ng capillary di tc dng ca trng trng. gim

sai s do ng h o thi gian xung cn khng ng k, c ng c la chn thi gian chy
qua l 200 s. Bit ng capillary c ng knh 0.31 mm v di 73 mm. Tnh sai s ti a ca
ng knh ng capillary nht o c c sai s khng qu 1%.
Gii
Dng cng thc: Q =
.p.D 4
128 .L
Gi s dng chy tng, n nh.
.p.D 4
nht: =
128.Q.L
C: p = gL, Q =
= gL.
t D 4 .g.t.D 4
.
=
L
2
2
2
T ph lc F: u = ( ut ) + ( 4u D ) + ( u )
Do m v khng ng k so vi , ta c:
{ >4 ? @/ = 4 =
N =
1/ 2
.N =
N = 0,075 HP
A,A@
W
. 0,31. 10
8.49. Trong khoa hc k thut, c nhng s so snh tng t gia nhng hin tng khc nhau.
V d chnh lch p sut p v lu lng dng chy Q trong ng tng ng vi hiu in th V
v cng dng in I trong i qua in tr. Tng t, hy tm biu thc ca in tr trong
ng c chiu di L, ng knh D tng ng vi i lng in tr R.
Cho ng c L=100 mm, D=0,3 mm. Tm Qmax v pmax trong trng hp lu cht l:
(a) Kerosine
(b) Castor oil
Gii
Dng cng thc: p =
128 QL
D 4
Gi s dng chy tng (Re 2300), n nh.

R=
p 128 L
=
Q
D 4
Ta c: Re =
p =
VD D Q 4 Q
DRe
. =
=
Q=
A D
4
128 QL 128 L DRe

L 2
=
.
=
32
Re
.
.
4
D 4
D 4
D3
Dng chy tng nu Re 2300 nn:

JDEF =
LDEF
3,14.0,0003.2300 H
H
. = 0,54
4
Z
Z
0,1
H
H
@W
= 32.2300.
. = 2,73. 10
0,0003 Z
Z
Tra bng A.2 (T=400C), ta c bng kt qu sau:

.
g i
1,1.10-3
0,24
Cht lng
Kerosine
Castor oil
819
968
g i
7,25.10-7
1,34.10-4
>?
4,03.105
1,62.1010
8.68. Dng nc chy qua ng dn tit din khng i nm ngang, ng knh ng 50 mm v

vn tc dng chy trung bnh l 1.5 m/s. Ti u vo (inlet) ca ng, p sut d l 588 kPa,ti
u ra (outlet) l p sut kh quyn.
a. Xc nh s mt nng trong ng.
b. Nu ng c t thng ng v u ra cao hn u vo 25 m, p sut u vo l bao nhiu
lu lng khng i.
c. Nu ng t thng ng v u ra thp hn u vo 25 m, p sut u vo l bao nhiu lu
lng khng i.
d. u ra phi thp hn u vo bao nhiu lu lng khng i nu p sut hai u ng
bng p sut kh quyn (ng dn trng trng).
Gii
Phng trnh mt nng gia mt 1 v mt 2
L@
L
b@
b
+ @ .
+ . @ + .
+ . =
Z
2
Z
2
Thay vo phng trnh (1) cc d liu ca ng nm ngang:
>1?
Nguyn
n Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013
p1 = 588 kPa
z1 = z2
p2 = 0 kPa
V1 = V2
Ta c
=
L@ L
Z
=> e
589 /
i vi ng dn thng ng
ng hng
h
ln, cng lu lng th mt nng phi ging vi trng
hp ng dn nm
m ngang, cc tham ss thay i l :
z1 = 0 m
z2 = 25 m
Thay vo phng trnh

nh (1), ta c
L@
L y Z. . > 0 @ ? y Z.
Z e
Vy p1 = 833 kPa
i vi ng dn thng ng
ng hng
h
xung, cng lu lng th mt nng
ng phi
ph ging vi trng
hp ng dn nm
m ngang, cc tham ss thay i l :
z1 = 0 m
z2 = -25 m
Thay vo phng trnh

nh (1), ta c
L@
L y Z. . > 0 @ ? y Z.
Z e
Vy p1 = 343 kPa
i vi ng dn trng trng,
ng,
lu lng khng i, mt nng ging vii cc trng
tr
hp trn,
tham s thay i l :
p1 = 0 kPa
Thay vo phng trnh
nh (1), ta c

@ y
Vy z2 = -60 m
8.77. Nc c bm t mtt b
b cha cao 20 ft so vi
bm x v mt ni cao hn
n b
bm 90 ft vi lu lng

2 /S. p sut pha uu vo bm
b
l 5 psig, p sut
u ra l 50 psig. Cc ng
ng u
l ng thp thng
mi (commercial steel) ng
ng knh 6 in. Xc nh (a)
cng sut cung cpp (head supplied) bbi bm v (b)
mt nng dc ng
ng (total head loss) gia
gi u ra
bm v ch x nc.
Gii:
(a) p dng phng trnh nng lng cho th tch kim sot quanh bm (phng trnh tng qut
8.45 trang 347) :
o
= P + + \ + \ + >1?
\

\

Gi thuyt :
(1) dng khng nn c
(2) C bc = bc (do = 1 vi dng chy trong ng (trang 335) v bo ton lu lng nn b
khng i)
(3) =
T cc gi thuyt trn ta n gin phng trnh (1). Cng sut bm (head) tnh bng nng lng
trn mt n v khi lng (energy/mass) :
hpump =
J
Win 1
50 5
= ( p3 p2 ) =
.144 = 3340, 2 ft.lbf / slug = 310,38
m
1,94
kg
(b) Tnh ton mt nng gia u ra bm v ch x nc
+ W
+ W
o
+
\
+ =
Gi thuyt :
(4) LW = LEmD
(5) bc = W bcW

T :
hlT =
p3
50.144
gz4 =
32, 2.90 = 813,3 ft.lbf / slug = 75,57 J / kg
1,94
* Tnh cho mt n v trng lng :

KoDo =
=
KoDo 3340,2
=
= 103,73 = 31,6P
32,2
= 25,26 = 7,7 P
8.137. Mt h cha cung cp nc c h thng dn nc nh hnh v. Nc c bm t h vo

mt b cha nc trc khi c x l. H thng c thit k cung cp 1310 L/s nc
20oC
T B C h thng gm ming vo cnh vung (square-edged entrance), ng di 760m, 3 van
ca, 4 ch un 45o v 2 ch un 90o. p sut d ti C l 197kPa.
T F G h thng gm 760m chiu di ng, 2 van ca, 4 ch un 90o. Tt c ng u c ng
knh 508mm, lm bng gang.
Tnh vn tc trung bnh ca nc trong ng, p sut d ti F, cng sut cn cung cp cho bm
(hiu sut 80%) v w ti phn ng FG
Gii:
Vn tc trung bnh ca nc trong ng
bc =
J
4J
4.1,31
=
=
= 6,46 P/S

R MN
M>0,508?
xc nh p sut d ti F, ta s dng phng trnh nng lng cho dng n nh, khng nn
c gia F v G
Phng trnh nng lng c bn

ccc
ccc
L
b
L[
b[
+
+ + [
+ [ = + D
Z
2
Z
2

I bc
bc
I bc
; D =
+
N 2
2
N
2 ~Eq
Gi thit : b[ = 0 (b ln); = 1; L[ = LEmD = 0

T
ccc
L
b
= + >[ ?
Z
2

ccc
b
= + 2>D ? + 4>D ?A + >D ?Fm + >[ ?
2
ccc
I bc
bc
I
bc
I
b
x + Fm
=
+ w2 g i + 4 g i
+ >[ ?
N 2
2
N
N A
2
2
Tra bng:
= 8 ;
= 30 ; Fm = 1
S Reynolds
à =
Nbc 0,508.6,46
=
= 3,28.105
^
1.105
ng lm bng gang nn a = 0,26 PP = 0,00051
T th 8.12 vi gi tr v à tnh, ta thu c h s ma st = 0,017
Th s vo phng trnh trn

bc 760
L
= G
+ 2>8? + 4>30?O + >[ ?
Z
2 0,508
6,46
bc
>
?x
L = Z w1630.
+ [ = 999 w1630. 0,017
+ 9,8>104 91?x
2
2
L = 705 C (p sut d)

p dng phng trnh nng lng cho bm
Do =
oDo
L bc
L bc
= +
+ +
+
P
Z
2
Z
2
L L
L L
oDo = P g i = ZJ g i = >L L ?J = >705 197?10 . 1310.10
Z
Z
Z
Z
= 6,65.10$ P/S
Cng sut cn cung cp cho bm

oDo qE =
oDo 6,65.10$
=
= 8,32.10$ P/S = 832
0,8
p dng phng trnh nng lng cho on ng t F n G, ta c:

KL
I bc
=
N 2
Z
Hay
KL
Z bc
=
I
N 2
Ta c:
hL KL
Z bc 0,017.999.6,46
=
=
=
= 698>/P ?
h I
N 2
0,508.2
Vy (theo phng trnh 8.15):

=
` hL 0,254
=
. 698 = 88,6 >/P ?
2 h
2

Chng 9:
9.45. Profil vn tc ca lp bin ri khng c gradient p sut c m hnh ha thnh mt hm
m bc 1/6:
= vi =
S dng phng trnh ng lng cho lp bin hy xc nh /x v Cf ca lp bin ri ny.

Gii:
Do dng chy ri khng c gradient p sut nn:
= VS v
o
F
=0
Phng trnh ng lng cho lp bin lc ny c cho bi phng trnh (9.19)
Vi = A
= Z
1 k
T m hnh ha
k @
k
n 1 k = Z
k A
k
= , ta c
@ @
@
6 6 @
6
= n 5 g1 5 i k = G 5 5 O =
7
8
56
A
A
i vi m hnh dng chy ri, ta s dng phng trnh (9.25)

@
^ W
k
= 0,0233Z = Z
k

@
W
0,0233 ^ W
k =
k
Tch phn 2 v, ta c
@
Do = 0 khi = 0 = 0
4 $ 0,0233 ^ W
W =
+
5

Do
@
W
W
$
5 0,0233 ^
^ $ W
=
= 0,353 $
4
@
^ $
0,353
= 0,353 =
@
>àF ?$
T
@
^ W
@
@
0,0233Z
^ W W
=
=
= 0,0466
1
1
Z
Z
2
2

@
W
@
W
@
@ W
$
0,0605
^
i g i =
= 0,0466 g
@
0,353
^
>àF ?$
9.58
Cho ng phn k thnh phng. Dng chuyn
ng khng nn c. Gi s dng khng nht,
hy m t ng dng chy trong ng, phn b
vn tc v phn b p sut khi gc tng t 0
. Khi c tnh n tnh nht, hy m t li dng
chuyn ng trong ng phn k ny. Trong 2
iu kin trn (nht v khng nht), iu kin
no cho ta p sut u ra ln hn.
Gii:
Trng hp = 0
Vi lu cht l tng, vn tc khng c s thay i, do khng c gradient p sut. V vy, vi
lu cht l tng L = L@

Vi lu cht thc, lp bin s to thnh trn thnh, lm gim khu vc dng effective (effective
flow area). tha mn tnh lin tc ca dng khng nn c b > b@ . Vn tc ch tng khi p
sut gim. V vy, vi lu cht thc L < L@
Vy vi = 0, L < L
Trng hp > 0 (no separation)
Cng tng t nh trng hp trn, gradient p sut ca lu cht thc cng b gim bi s pht
trin lp bin. Lu cht l tng cho gi tr p sut ln hn L
Vy vi > 0, L < L .
9.71. Mt tu ngm ht nhn di chuyn vi vn tc 27 hi l/gi. Thn tu xem nh hnh tr trn
vi ng knh D=11m, di L=107m. c lng phn trm chiu di ca thn m lp bin chy
tng. Xc nh lu cn ma st b mt thn v cng sut tiu hao.
Gii:
Ta m hnh ha b mt tr bng mt mt phng vi kch thc
I MN = 107 34.56,
àFm = 500000,
0.455
=
>f@A à ?.$
V:
b = 27 VS = 27 0.514444 P/S
I = 107 P
^ = 1.05 105 P /S
à =
bI
= 1.42 10
^
m àFm
500000
=
=
= 3.52 10W
I
à
1.42 10
m = 0.0352% I
Gi s dng ri hon ton:

=
v =
0.455
= 0.0015
>f@A à ?.$
1
1
XZb = 107 34.56 1025 >27 0.514444? 0.0015 = 548462
2
2
9.88. Mt phong tc k o vn tc gi cu to bi bn chn hnh bn cu ng knh 50 mm,

nh trn hnh v. Tm ca mi bn cu t cch tr gia mt khong ` = 80 PP. Xc nh
hng s hiu chnh l thuyt (theoretical calibration constant) trong phng trnh hiu chnh
b = , trong b >P/? l vn tc gi v >dLP? l vn tc quay. Trong qu trnh phn
tch, tnh ton moment quay (torque), da vo lc cn sinh ra tc thi khi hai chn trc giao v
hai chn cn li t song song (vi hng gi?), b qua lc ma st tr. Trong trng hp b
qua ma st, gii thch ti sao bt k vn tc gi cho trc no i na th phong tc k cng
quay mt vn tc xc nh m khng gia tc v hn. Thc t, nu xt n ma st (khng i)
th cn mt vn tc gi cc tiu l 1 P/ th mi bt u quay c, t hy so snh tc
quay khi c v khng c ma st, khi vn tc gi b = 10 P/.
Gii:
Z = 1,23 /P
Xt moment tng cng trn trc :
Khi bt u quay, = 0, b = 1 P/ = 5/18 P/S

A = ` v ` v = 0
Trong : v l lc cn ng lc hc (drag), l moment cn xoay do ma st sinh ra.
1
A = ` > ?R Zb = 0
2
Tra Bng 9.3 trang 439, ta c = 1,42 ; = 0,38
1
= ` > ?R Zb
2
M>0,05? 1
5
= 0,08>1,42 0,38?
1,23 g i
4
2
18
= 7,75 105 >P?

Khi vn tc gi b = 10 P/e
25/9 P/S, 0, vn tc tng i ca hai chn vung gc
vi lung gi l b `. Ta c :
1
1

` R Z>b 0 `? 0 ` R Z>b y `? 0
0
2
2
>1?
>b 0 `? 0 >b y `?
1
`R Z
2
Vi b
, (1) tr thnh
> 0 ` ? 0 > y ` ?
1
`R Z
Trng hp khng c ma st,

0 ta c
0`
A
0,5173
y`
`
0,251
(Trong sch gii :
p
@
@
1 y A
0,08 3,143
1 0 A
0,3181)
Trng hp c ma st,
7,75 105 P, gii li (1a).
9.99. Mt vt ri trong khng kh xung mt ci mng
di thng ng. Vn tc l hng s 3 m/s. p sut coi
nh khng i trn tit din 1 v 2, p sut ti tit din
1 bng p sut kh quyn. Din tch dng thc
(effective flow area) ti tit din 2 bng 20% din tch
mng. nh hng ca ma st gia tit din 1 v 2 l
khng ng k. Tnh vn tc dng ti tit din 2, p
sut tnh ti v khi lng vt.
Gii:
Phng trnh lin tc:
>1C?

0Zb@ R@ y Zb R
0
b
b@
R@
R
Phng trnh Bernoulli:

1
1
L y Zb
L@ y Zb@
2
2
b
1 1 b
1
w1
L
L@ y Zb@ 0 Zb@
L@ y Zb@
0g i x
2
2
2
b@
b@
Phng trnh ng lng:

L@ R@ 0 L R@ 0
>0Zb@ R@ ?b@ y >Zb R ?b
Zb@ R@ >b 0 b@ ?
Zb@ R@ g

R@
b
GL@ 0 L 0 Zb@ g 0 1iO
b@
b
0 1i
b@
9.101. Mt bnh xe nc c t trn dng chy ca con sng to ra nng lng. Mi cnh
c din tch A v h s lc cn CD; tm ca cnh c t cch tm bnh xe mt on R. Gi
thit ti thi im bt k, ch c 1 cnh chm trong nc. Vn tc ca dng nc l V, vn tc di
ca bnh xe U = R. Xc nh lc cn, moment xon v cng sut to ra bi bnh xe; tm gi tr
ti u ca vn tc gc
Gii:

Gi thit b qua sc cn khng kh kk << n
Vn tc tng i ca cnh
bq = b = b `
Lc cn do cnh
1
1
v = R Zbq
= R Z>b ?
2
2
Moment xon
1
= v ` = R Z>b ? `
2
Cng sut
1
1
= = R >V U? R = C A >V U? U
2
2
ti u cng sut, t
dP
1
= C A 2>V U?U>1? + >V U? = 0
dU
2
2>V U?U>1? + >V U? = 0
2U + V U = 0 V 3U = 0
M
U = R =
=

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Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Vi h l su cht lng, l bc sng. S dng L v V0 tm cc i lng v th nguyn

Thay vo phng trnh (1), ta c :

7.6. Nghin cu chuyn ng ca bu kh quyn, ngi ta m hnh theo cng thc

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

7.41. Th nghim o lc cn ln m hnh t trong 1 thng nc sch. M hnh c t l 1:5 so

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Nh vy s c nhng s v th nguyn sau :

Lift and Speed for Airplane model

Trn th ta thy km = 0.021

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Lift and Speed for Airplane Prototype

Chn 3 i lng c th nguyn c lp l

Da trn bng s liu ta nhn xt quan h 2 s v th nguyn c th l bc 2

Vi = 999 kg/m3 , = 750 rpm = 78.53 rad/s = 282700 rad/hr, D = 1m

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Pump Data and Trendline

Poly. (Pump Data)

y = -42268x2 + 13.28x + 0.058

T th suy ra : a = -42268, b = 13.28, c = 0.058

Vi = 500 rpm = 52.35 rad/s = 188460 rad/hr

Vi = 1000 rpm = 104.7 rad/s = 376920 rad/hr

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Dm = 0.491 ft ; Qm = 5.92 ft 3 / s ; hm = 145 ft.lbf/slug

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

100 lbf psig

Kim tra li gi tr s Reynolds :

Tra bng = 1,29 10 ft  /s. Q/l = 10$ ft  /s

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Trong l l chiu di ca 2 thnh phng nn l

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Do Q ~ a nn a max khi Q max:

T khong h ln nht (vi du SAE30 20 c = 0,42 Nm/s ):

CDEF = 1,28.10$ >P?

nht ng hc thng qua nht ng lc hc

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Nn dng r l dng chy tng.

hnh v. Lu lng chy J, gia tc khng ng k. Profile vn tc

(d) Tm biu thc L>d?

(c) Tch phn t d l `A n ` :

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

Ta c iu kin bin ca trng p sut : L>d `A ? = LA , L>d = ` ? = LEmD (LA l p sut u

p lc trong vng trung tmd `A l LA M`A . Vi phn p lc tc dng ln a trn vng

kv = >L>d? LEmD ?2Mdkd =

Ly tch phn trn ton b a, ta c p lc tng cng :

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

W l b dy tm phng. Vi nhng d liu thc nghim cho bn di ng vi L v Q c xc

Lu lng ca dng chy:

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

T cng thc (8.3) (2.10), ta c

Ly nguyn hm biu thc trn 2 ln, ta c

Nguyn Quang Minh 40901570 VP09CT 2013

=  = 6 0.3 4.63 10W

Tra bng = 1,29 10 ft /s. Q/l = 10$ ft /s

Do Q ~ a nn a max khi Q max:

T khong h ln nht (vi du SAE30 20 c = 0,42 Nm/s ):

CDEF = 1,28.10$ >P?

p lc trong vng trung tmd `A l LA M`A . Vi phn p lc tc dng ln a trn vng

= = 6 0.3 4.63 10W

(5) bc = W bcW