CHNG III.

DNG IN XOAY CHIU

Cc em thn mn!
Nh hn vi cc em, nhm gip cc em n tp tt mn vt l chun b cho cc k thi pha trc, c
bit l k thi i hc sp n nn hm nay thy tip tc gu n cc em phn tip theo trong chuyn
luyn thi i hc, l phn in xoay chiu. y l phn rt quan trng ca vt l 12 (gm 9 cu trong
thi i hc ca B). Thy hy vng chuyn ny c ch vi cc em. Chc cc em t c kt qu cao trong
cc k thi sp n. Thn i
GV. L Vn Long
A. TM TT L THUYT
1. Dng in xoay chiu

Khi nim: Dng in xoay chiu l dng in c m t bi cng thc i = I 0cos( t + ) [hoc
i = I 0 sin(t + ) ].
I
U

Cc gi tr hiu d ng ca dng in xoay chiu I = 0 ; U = 0 .
2
2

Lu : S ch ca cc thit b in xoay chiu l ch cc gi tr hiu d ng.

Cc lo i on m ch xoay chiu:
U
 on mch ch c in tr thun: uR cng pha vi i; I = R .
R
UC

1
 on mch ch c t in: uC tr pha hn i gc ; I =
; vi ZC =
: dung khng ca t in.
2
ZC
C
U

 on mch ch c cun cm thun: uL sm pha hn i gc ; I = L , vi ZL = L: cm khng ca

2
ZL
cu n dy.
 on mch c R, L, C mc n i tip:
 Da vo gin vc t ta thy: U =

Vi Z =

U R2 + (U L U C ) 2 = I. R 2 + (Z L - Z C ) 2 = I.Z

R 2 + (Z L - Z C ) 2 gi l t ng tr c a on mch RLC.

 lch pha gia u v i xc nh theo biu thc:

1
L
ZL ZC

C .
tan =
=
R
R
U
.
Z

Biu thc in p xoay chiu, cng dng in xoay chiu:
 Nu i = I0cos(t + i) th u = U0cos(t + i + ). Nu u = U0cos(t +
u) th i = I0cos(t + u - ).
Z ZC
U
Vi I0 = 0 ; tan = L
.
Z
R

Cng hng trong on mch RLC:
Z = Z min = R.

I = I max = U .
1

R
 iu kin: ZL = ZC hay L =
. Khi :
2
C
P = P = U .
max

R
= 0.

 Cc trng hp khc:
 Khi ZL > ZC th u nhanh pha h n i (o n mch c tnh cm khng).

UL

UL + UC

 Cng hiu dng xc nh theo nh lut m: I =

UR

UC

 Khi ZL < ZC th u tr pha hn i (on mch c tnh dung khng).

 Ch : Nu trong on mch c nhiu phn t R, L, C mc ni tip th trong cc h thc c a nh lut
m ta t R = R1 + R2 + ...; ZL = ZL1 + ZL2 + ...; ZC = ZC1 + ZC2 + ... . Nu mch khng c in tr
thun th ta cho R = 0; khng c cun cm th ta cho ZL = 0; khng c t in th ta cho ZC = 0.

Cng sut ca dng in xoay chiu: P = UIcos = I2R.
R

H s cng sut: cos = .
Z

ngha ca h s cng sut cos: Cng su t hao ph trn ng dy ti (c in tr r) l Php = rI2 =
rP 2
. Nu h s cng sut cos nh th cng sut hao ph trn ng dy ti P hp s l n, do ngi ta
U 2 cos 2
phi tm cch nng cao h s cng su t. Theo qui nh c a nh nc th h s cng sut cos trong cc c s
in nng ti thiu phi bng 0,85.
2. Truyn ti in nng My bin p

Truyn ti in nng
P
R
 Cng sut hao ph trn ng dy ti: Php = RI2 = R( )2 = P 2 2 (tng in p ni truyn ti ln
U
U
n ln th cng sut hao ph trn ng dy gim n2 ln).
R
P Php
2
 Hiu su t ti in: H =
.
P
P
U1
U2
 Phn trm cng sut b mt mt trn ng dy ti in:
.100 .
P
 gim in trn ng dy ti in: U = U1 U2 = IR.
R

My bin p
2
 nh ngha: My bin p l thit b bin i in p c a dng xoay
chiu.
 Cc cng thc v my bin p:
U
E
N
 Ch khng ti: k = 2 = 2 = 2 (N2 < N1: h p, N2 > N1: tng p).
U1 E1 N1
 Ch c ti (cun dy khng c in tr):

U 2 E2 I1 N 2
=
= =
.
U1 E1 I 2 N1

 Trong :

U1 : l in p hiu d ng ca cun s cp; E1: su t in ng hiu d ng ca cu n s cp; I1: cng
hiu dng ca cun s cp; N1: s vng dyc a cun s cp.

U2 : l in p hiu dng c a cun th cp; E2: sut in ng hiu d ng ca cun th cp; I2: cng
hiu dng c a cun th cp; N2: s vng dyc a cun th cp.
Pthu cap U 2 .I 2 .cos2
 Hiu su t ca my bin p:
H=
=
Pso cap U1 .I1 .cos1
 Trong : cos1 v cos2: l h s cng sut ca cu n s cp v th cp. (Hiu sut ca my bin p
thng rt cao trn 90% ).
B. CC DNG BI TP
1. i cng v dng in xoay chiu

Cc cng thc
 Biu thc c a i v u: I0cos(t + i); u = U0cos(t + u).
 lch pha gia u v i: = u - i.
I
U
E
 Cc gi tr hiu d ng: I = 0 ; U = 0 ; E = 0 .
2
2
2
2

 Chu k; tn s: T =
;f=
.

2
 Trong 1 giy dng in xoay chiu c tn s f (tnh ra Hz) i chiu 2f ln.
 T thng qua khung dy ca my pht in: = NBScos(t + ) = 0cos(t + ); 0 = NBS.

 Su t in ng trong khung dy c a my pht in: e = -

); E0 = NBS = 0.
2

Bi tp v d

Bi 1. t mt in p xoay chiu u = 220cos(100t +

ch y qua mch c d ng i = 2 2 cos(100 t -

d
= - = NBSsin(t + ) = E0cos(t +
dt

) (V) vo hai u o n mch th cng dng in

) (A). Tnh cng dng in hiu dng, in p hiu dng

v lch pha ca u so vi i.
U 0 220

U = 2 = 2 = 110 2 (V ) .

I
2 2
* Gi cch gii: I = 0 =
= 2 ( A) .
2
2

5
( rad ) .
= u i =
6

Bi 2. M t khung dy quay u quanh trc ( ) trong mt t trng u B trc quay ( ) vi tc gc
= 60vng/s. T thng cc i gi qua khung l 2 (Wb). Tnh su t in ng hiu dng xu t hin trong
khung.
E

* Gi cch gii: Ta c: E = 0 = 0 = 60 (V ) .
2
2


Bi 3. Khi quay u mt khung dy xung quanh m t tr c t trong mt t trng u c vect cm ng t B
vung gc v i tr c quay ca khung, t thng xuyn qua khung dy c biu thc = 2.10 -2cos(720t +

) Wb.

Vit biu thc sut in ng cm ng trong khung.

d

* Gi cch gii: Ta c: e = = 2.10 -2.720.sin(720t + ) = 14,4sin(720t + )V.

dt
6
6

Bi tp p dng
Bi 1. Dng in xoay chiu c cng i = 4cos120t (A). Tnh cng hiu d ng ca dng in v cho
bit trong th i gian 2 s dng in i chiu bao nhiu ln? (S: I = 2 2 A; 240 ln).
Bi 2. Dng in chy qua mt on mch c biu thc i = I0cos100t. Trong khong thi gian t 0 n 0,02
s, xc nh cc thi im m cng dng in tc thi c gi tr bng:
1
1
a. 0,5 I0 (S: t =
s v t =
s).
300
60
b.

2
1
7
I0 (S: t =
s v t =
s).
2
400
400

Bi 3. Ti thi im t, in p u = 200 2 cos(100t -

) (trong u tnh bng V, t tnh bng s) c gi tr l

1
s (S: u = - 100 2 (V)).
300
Bi 4. M t khung dy dn phng dt hnh ch nht c 500 vng dy, din tch m i vng 54 cm2. Khung dy
quay u quanh m t tr c i xng (thuc mt phng ca khung), trong t trng u c vect cm ng t
vung gc vi tr c quay v c ln 0,2 T.
a. Tnh t thng cc i qua khung dy (S: 0 = 0,54 Wb).
b. sut in ng cm ng xut hin trong khung dy c tn s 50 Hz th khung dy phi quay vi
t c bao nhiu vng/pht? (S: n = 3000 vng/pht).
Bi 5. M t khung dy dn phng dt hnh ch nht c 500 vng dy, din tch m i vng l 220 cm2. Khung
dy quay u vi tc 50 vng/giy quanh trc i xng nm trong mt phng ca khung dy, trong mt t
100 2 V v ang gim. Tnh in p tc thi ti thi im sau

trng u c vc t cm ng t B vung gc vi tr c quay v c ln

2
5

T. Tnh sut in ng c c i

xut hin trong khung dy (S: E0 = NBS = 220 2 V).

Bi 6. T thng qua 1 vng dy dn l =

2.102

cos(100t -

) (Wb). Tm biu thc ca sut in ng

cm ng gia hai u cun dy g m 150 vng dy ny (S: e = 300cos(100t-

)(V)).

2. Tm cc i lng trn on mch xoay chiu c R, L, C

Cc cng thc
1
 Cm khng, dung khng, t ng tr: ZL = L; ZC =
; Z = R 2 + (Z L - Z C ) 2 .
C
UC
U
UR
UL
 nh lut m: I =
=
=
=
.
Z
R
ZL
ZC
Z ZC
 Gc lch pha gia u v i: ; vi: tan = L
.
R
U 2R
R
. H s cng sut: cos = .
 Cng sut: P = UIcos = I2R =
2
Z
Z
 in nng tiu th mch in: W = A = Pt = R.I2.t.

Lu
* i vi dng mt chiu th:
- khng ch y qua c t in.
- ch y qua c in tr nh ng b mt mt in nng do t a nhit.
- chy qua cun dy thun cm m t cch d dng (gi ng nh ch y qua m t on mch khng c in
tr).
* i vi dng xoay chiu th: chy qua c on mch RLC nhng b cn li (tc dng cn tr ca R,
L, C i vi dng xoay chiu l khc nhau_cac em xem sch l 12, phn vit v mch RLC).

Bi tp v d
1
10 4
Bi 1. M t on mch xoay chiu R,L,C mc ni tip c R = 100 , L = H , C =
F . t vo hai u

on mch RLC mc n i tip mt in p xoay chiu c dng u = 220 2 cos(100 t + )V .

6
a. Tnh ZL; ZC; Z; I.
b. Gc lch pha gia u v i.
c. Cng sut tiu th c a mch.
* Gi cch gii:
1
1
a. Cm khng:
Z L = L = 100; Dung khng:
ZC =
=
= 200;
10 4
C
100 .
2
U
2
Z = R 2 + ( Z L Z C ) = 100 2 ; Cng dng in hiu d ng: I = = 2, 2 A .
Z
Z L ZC

b. Gc lch pha gia u v i: tan =

= 1 = (u chm pha hn i mt gc ).
R
4
4

Tng

tr:

c. Cng sut tiu th c a mch: P = UI cos = 220.2, 2.cos( ) 342, 2W (hoc P = R.I2).
4

Bi tp p dng
Bi 1. Nu t vo hai u cun dy in p mt chiu 9 V th cng dng in trong cu n dy l 0,5 A.
Nu t vo hai u cu n dy in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu d ng l 9 V th cng hiu d ng ca dng

in qua cu n dy l 0,3 A. Xc nh in tr thu n v cm khng ca cun dy (S: r = 18 ; ZL =

Z d2 r 2 = 24 ).

Bi 2. M t in tr thu n R = 30 v mt cun dy c mc n i tip vi nhau thnh mt on mch. Khi

t in p khng i 24 V vo hai u on mch ny th dng in i qua n c cng 0,6 A; khi t
mt in p xoay chiu tn s 50 Hz vo hai u o n mch, th dng in qua n lch pha 450 so vi in p
ny. Tnh t cm ca cun dy, tng tr ca cu n dy v tng tr c a c o n mch (S: L = 0,127 H; Zd
= 41,2 ; Z = 40 2 ).
Bi 3. M t m in ho t ng bnh thng khi ni vi mng in xoay chiu c in p hiu dng l 220 V,
in tr c a m khi l 48,4 . Tnh nhit lng do m ta ra trong thi gian mt pht (S: Q = Pt =
60000 J = 60 kJ).
Bi 4. Mt o n mch g m in tr thu n R, cu n cm thu n L v t in C mc ni tip. Cng dng
in tc th i i qua mch c biu thc i = 0,284cos120 t (A). Khi in p hiu dng gia hai u in tr,
cu n dy v t in c gi tr tng ng l UR = 20 V; UL = 40 V; UC = 25 V. Tnh R, L, C, tng tr Z ca
on mch v in p hiu d ng gia hai u on mch (S: R = 100 ; L = 0,53 H; C = 21,2.10-6 F; Z =
125 ; U = 25 V).

Bi 5. t in p u = 100cos(t + ) (V) vo hai u on mch RLC th dng in qua mch l

6

i = 2 cos(t + ) (A). Tnh cng sut tiu th v in tr thu n c a mch in (S: P = 50 3 W; R =

3
25 3 ).
Bi 6. t in p u = 220 2 cos100 t (V) vo hai u on mch AB gm hai o n mch AM v MB mc
ni tip. o n AM gm in tr thun R mc n i tip vi cu n cm thun L, o n MB ch c t in C. Bit
in p gia hai u on mch AM v in p gia hai u on mch MB c gi tr hiu dng bng nhau
2
. Tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u o n mch AM (S: UAM = 220 V).
nhng lch pha nhau
3
Bi 7. M t on mch AB g m hai on mch AM v MB mc n i tip. on mch AM c in tr thu n 50
1
mc ni tip vi cu n cm thu n c t cm H, on mch MB ch c t in vi in dung thay i

c. t in p u = U0cos100t (V) vo hai u on mch AB. iu chnh in dung ca t in n gi tr

C1 sao cho in p hai u on mch AB lch pha

=

8.10 5

so vi in p hai u on mch AM. Tnh C1 (S: C1

F).

Bi 8. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu d ng khng i, tn s 50 Hz vo hai u on mch mc ni tip

gm in tr thu n R, cu n cm thu n c t cm L v t in c in dung C thay i c. iu chnh
104
104
in dung C n gi tr
F hoc
F th cng su t tiu th trn on mch u c gi tr bng nhau.
4
2
3
Tnh t cm L ca cun cm (S: L = H).

Bi 9. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 200 V v tn s khng i vo

hai u A v B nh hnh v. Trong R l bin tr, L l cun cm thu n v C l
t in c in dung thay i. Cc gi tr R, L, C hu hn v khc khng. Vi C =
C1 th in p hiu d ng gia hai u bin tr R c gi tr khng i v khc khng khi thay i gi tr R ca
C
bin tr. Tnh in p hiu dng gia A v N khi C = 1 ( S: UAN = IZAN = 200 V).
2
Bi 10. t in p u = U 2 cos t (V) vo hai u on mch gm cun cm thun mc n i tip vi m t
bin tr R. ng v i hai gi tr R1 = 20 v R2 = 80 ca bin tr th cng su t tiu th trong on mch
u bng 400 W. Tnh gi tr c a U (S: U = 200 V).
Bi 11. t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng v tn s khng i vo hai u on mch gm bin tr R
mc ni tip vi t in c in dung C. G i in p hiu dng gia hai u t in, gia hai u bin tr v h

s cng sut ca on mch khi bin tr c gi tr R1 ln lt l UC1, UR1 v cos1; khi bin tr c gi tr R2 th cc
gi tr tng ng ni trn l UC2, UR2 v cos2. Bit UC1 = 2UC2, UR2 = 2UR1. Xc nh cos1 v cos2 (S: cos1
1
2
; cos2 =
).
=
5
5
Bi 12. t in p u = U 2 cost vo hai u on mch AB gm hai o n mch AN v NB mc n i tip.
on AN gm bin tr R mc ni tip vi cun cm thun c t cm L, on NB ch c t in vi in
1
dung C. t 1 =
. Xc nh tn s gc in p hiu dng gia hai u on mch AN khng
2 LC
ph thuc vo R (S: = 1 2 ).
3. Vit biu thc ca u v i trn on mch xoay chiu

Cc cng thc
 Biu thc ca u v i
* Nu i = I0cos(t + i) th u = (t + i + ).
* Nu u = U0cos(t + u) th i = I0cos(t + u - ).
Z ZC
U
U
Z L > Z C : u nhanh pha i:
Vi: I = ; I0 = 0 ; I0 = I 2 ; U0 = U 2 ; tan = L

Z
Z
R
Z L < Z C : u chm pha i:
 Ch :
 o n mch ch c R: u cng pha vi i.
 on mch ch c cun thun cm L: u sm pha hn i gc
 on mch ch c t in: u tr pha hn i gc

i2 u2
= 1.
+
A
I 02 U 02
 Nu cu n dy khng thun cm (c in tr trong r) th ta xem
cu n dy gm mt in tr r mc n i tip vi cun dy thun cm c
t cm L.
A

Bi tp v d
Bi 1. Mt o n mch ch c in tr thun R = 100. t vo hai u

L, r

 on mch ch c t in ho c ch c cun dy th:

B
r

B
M

mch m t in p xoay chiu c dng u = 200 2 cos(100 t + ) (V ) . Vit biu thc cng dng in
4
ch y qua mch.
* Gi cch gii: Do o n mch ch c R nn i cng pha vi u. Do biu thc ca i c dng:
U

i = I0 cos(100 t + ) ( A) . Trong : I 0 = 0 = 2 2 A. V y biu thc c a i l: i = 2 2 cos(100 t + ) ( A).

4
R
4
Bi 2. Mt o n mch ch c t in c in dung C =

104

(F) . t vo hai u mch m t in p xoay

chiu c d ng u = 200 2 cos(100 t ) (V ) .Vit biu thc cng dng in chy qua mch.
1
U
* Gi cch gii: Ta c: Z C =
= 100; I 0 = 0 = 2 2 A. Do i sm pha mt gc /2 so vi u nn biu
.C
ZC

thc ca c dng: i = 2 2 cos(100 t + ) ( A).

2

Bi 3. M t on mch xoay chiu ch c cu n dy thun cm c t cm L =

H . t vo hai u mch

mt in p xoay chiu th biu thc cng dng in ch y qua mch c dng

i = 2 2cos(100t -

) (A). Vit biu thc in p tc thi hai u on mch.

6

* Gi cch gii: Ta c: Z L = L = 100.1/ =100; U 0 = I0 ZL = 2 2.100 = 220 2V.

Mt khc do u nhanh pha hn i mt gc /2 nn biu thc in p tc thi hai u mch c dng

u = 200 2cos(100t + ) = 200 2cos(100t + ) (V).

6
2
3
1
2
Bi 4. M t on mch in xoay chiu RLC khng phn nhnh c R = 100 ; C = .10 4 F ; L = H. t

vo hai u mch mt in p xoay chiu th cng dng in qua mch c dng i = 2cos100 t (A). Vit
biu thc in p tc thi c a hai u mch.
Z L = L = 200
Z = R2 + ( Z Z )2 = 1002 + ( 200 100 )2 = 100 2.

L
C
1

* Gi cch gii: Ta c: Z L =
= 100
Z ZC 200 100

C
=
= 1 = .

tg = L
R
100
4

R = 100

Gi biu thc in p tc thi hai u mch c dng u = U 0 cos(100 t + u )(V ). Trong :

U 0 = I 0 Z = 220 2V .

u = i + = .

2 2

Vy biu thc in p hai u mch l u = 200 2 cos(100 t + )(V ).

4

Bi tp p dng
Bi 1. M t t in c in dung C = 31,8 F, khi mc vo mch in th dng in chy qua t in c cng
i = 0,5cos100t (A). Vit biu thc in p gia hai bn c a t in (S: u C = 50cos(100t -

) (V)).
2
Bi 2. Cho on mch RLC g m R = 80 , L = 318 mH, C = 79,5 F. in p gia hai u on mch l: u
= 120 2 cos100t (V). Vit biu thc c ng dng in ch y trong mch v tnh in p hiu dng gia
37
hai u m i phn t (S: i = 1,2 2 cos(100 t ) (A); UR = 96 V; UL = 120 V; UC = 48 V).
180
10 3
1
H; C =
F . in p gia hai u o n
Bi 3. Cho o n mch xoay chiu RLC c R = 50 3 ; L =

5
mch c biu thc uAB = 120cos100t (V). Vit biu thc cng dng in trong mch v tnh cng sut
tiu th ca mch (S: i = 1,2cos(100t -

) (A); P = I2R = 62,4 W).

Bi 4. M t mch in AB gm in tr thun R = 50 , mc n i tip v i cu n dy c t cm L =

H v

in tr R0 = 50 . t vo hai u on mch in p xoay chiu u AB = 100 2 cos100t (V). Vit biu thc
in p tc thi hai u cun dy (S: ud = 112cos(100t +

10

) (V)).

2.10 4

Bi 5. t in p u = U 0 cos 100 t (V) vo hai u m t t in c in dung

(F). thi im
3

in p gia hai u t in l 150 V th cng dng in trong mch l 4 A. Vit biu thc cng
dng in chy trong mch (S: i = 5 cos(100t +

) (A)).

Bi 6. t in p xoay chiu u = U 0 cos 100 t + (V ) vo hai u mt cun cm thu n c t cm

3

1
L=
H. thi im in p gia hai u cu n cm l 100 2 V th cng dng in qua cun cm l
2
2A. Vit biu thc cng dng in chy qua cun cm (S: i = 2 3 cos(100t -

) (A)).

Bi 7. Mch RLC g m cun thu n cm c t cm L =

dung C =

10 4

ca mch l

H, in tr thun R = 100 v t in c in

F. Khi trong mch c dng in xoay chiu i =

2 cost (A) ch y qua th h s cng sut

2
. Xc nh tn s c a dng in v vit biu thc in p gia hai u on mch (S: f =
2

50 Hz ho c f = 25 Hz; u = 200cos(100t +

) (A) hoc u = 200cos(25 t -

) (A)).

10 3
2
(F) mc n i tip. Biu thc ca in p gia hai b n t l uC = 50 2 cos(100t 0,75) (V). Xc nh t
3
cm cu n dy, vit biu thc cng dng in ch y trong mch (S: L =
H; i = 2,5 2 cos(100t 10

Bi 8. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm in tr thun R = 10 , cu n dy thun cm L v t in C =

) (A)).
4
4. Bi ton cc tr trn on mch xoay chiu RLC (cun dy thun cm)

Cc cng thc
Z = Z min = R.

I = I max = U .
1

R
. Khi :
 Khi mch x y ra c ng hng: ZL = ZC hay L =
2
C
P = P = RI 2 = U .
max

R
= 0 u cng pha i.

UZ L
.
 in p hiu d ng gia hai u cun thun cm: UL = IZL =
Z
UZ C
 in p hiu d ng gia hai bn t: UC = IZC =
.
Z

Phng php gii
 Vit biu thc i lng cn xt cc tr (I, P, UL, UC) theo i lng cn tm (R, L, C, ).
 Xt iu kin c ng hng: nu trong mch xy ra hin tng c ng hng th lp lu n suy ra i
lng cn tm.
 Nu khng c c ng hng th bin i biu thc a v dng ca bt ng thc Csi ho c dng
ca tam thc bc hai c cha bin s tm cc tr.
 Sau khi gii cc bi tp loi ny ta c th rt ra mt s cng thc sau s dng khi cn gii nhanh
cc cu trc nghim d ng ny. Sau y l mt s cng thc c b n (cn nhiu cng thc khc, cc em th t
tm hiu xem):
Z L = ZC .

 L hoc C hoc thay i m cng sut tiu th trong mch cc i th:

U2
P
.
=
max

R
R = Z L ZC .

 R thay i P = Pmax. Khi :

U2
U2
P
=
=
.
max

2 Z L ZC 2 R

* Lu : Nu cu n dy khng thun cm (c in tr trong r) th:

R 2 = r 2 + ( Z L Z C )2 .

+ R thay i cng sut ta nhit trn R cc i (PR = PRmax). Khi :

U2
P
=
.
R max
2( R + r )

 R = Z L ZC r.

+ R thay i cng sut t a nhit trn mch cc i (P = Pmax). Khi :

U2
U2
.
P
=
=
R max 2 Z Z
2( R + r )
L
C

R 2 + Z C2
.
Z L =
ZC

 L thay i UL = ULmax. Khi :

U R 2 + Z C2

U
=
.
L max

R 2 + Z L2
.
Z
=
C
ZL

 C thay i UC = UCmax. Khi :

U R 2 + Z L2

.
U C max =
R
2
 thay i UL = ULmax. Khi : =
.
2 LC R 2C 2
 thay i UC = UCmax. Khi : =

1
R2
2 .
LC 2 L

Bi tp v d

Bi 1. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Bit L =

H; C =

2.10 4

F; uAB =

200cos100t(V). iu chnh R cng su t t a nhit trn R l ln

nht. Tnh gi tr R v cng su t ln nht .
1
* Gi cch gii: Ta c: ZL = L = 100 ; ZC =
= 50 ; U = 100 2 V.
C
Cng sut nhit trn R: P = I2R =

U 2R
=
R 2 + (Z L Z C ) 2

Theo b t ng thc Csi: P = Pmax

U2
(Z Z C ) 2
R+ L
R
2
(Z ZC )
U2
khi R = L
hay R =ZL -ZC = 50 . Khi : Pmax =
=
R
2R

200W.
Bi 2. Cho o n mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh gm cun dy
R
1
c in tr r = 15() , t cm L =
( H ) v mt bin tr R mc
5
nh hnh v. t vo hai u mch m t hiu in th c dng u = 80cos(100t )(V ).

r, L

a. Dch chuyn con ch y c a bin tr cng sut ta nhit trn ton mch t gi tr cc i. Tnh
gi tr bin tr v cng sut cc i khi .
b. Dch chuyn con ch y cng sut ta nhit trn bin tr t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr bin tr v
cng sut cc i .
* Gi cch gii: Ta c: r = 15; ZL = 20 (Ch : mch lc ny c 2 in tr R, r; mt L v khng c C).
a. Tnh gi tr c a bin tr v gi tr cc i ca cng sut trn ton mch
Cng
sut
tiu
th
c a
ton
mch:
2
2
2
U
U
U
P = I 2 .(r + R) = 2 .(r + R) =
.(r + R) =
2
2
2
Z
((r + R) + ( Z L )
Z
(r + R) + L
r+R

- Do U khng i nn P ln nht khi R + r +

R+r =

Z L2
Z2
nh nht. Theo Csi, ta c: R + r + L nh nht khi
R+r
R+r

Z L2
R = Z L r = 5 .
R+r

40 2
U2
=
= 80W .
- Khi cng sut cc i trn ton mch l: PR max =
2( R + r ) 2(5 + 15)
* Nhn xt: Nu mch c nhiu in tr: R, R1, R2, Khi R thay i cng sut ton mch cc i th:
R1 + R2 + ... + Rn = Z L Z C (nu khuyt L hay C th cho ZL = 0 hay ZC = 0).

b. Tnh gi tr bin tr v cng sut cc i trn R

- Cng sut ta nhit trn bin tr R l:

PR = RI 2 =

R+

r 2 + Z L2
R

RU 2

(R + r)

+ Z L2

nh

RU 2
=
R 2 + r 2 + Z L2 + 2 Rr

nht.

Theo

U2
. Do U v r khng i nn PR = PRmax khi:
r + Z L2
R+
+ 2r
R
r 2 + Z L2
Csi,
ta
c:
nht
khi
nh
R+
R
2

40 2
r 2 + Z L2
U2
R=
=
= 40W .
R = r 2 + Z L2 = 152 + 20 2 = 25 . Khi : PR max =
R
2 ( R + r ) 2( 25 + 15 )

Bi 3. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong : R = 100 ;

C = 0 ,31.104 F ; cun dy thun cm v c t cm thay i c.
L
C
R
B
t vo hai u mch m t in p xoay chiu A
u AB = 200 cos100 t (V). iu chnh L cng sut tiu th trn
mch cc i. Tnh L v gi tr cc i c a cng su t khi .
* Gi cch gii: Cch lp lu n tng t cc bi trn. Cui cng u i n kt qu: P = Pmax th:
1
1

Z L = ZC
L = 2C = ( H ).

U2
2
100 2

Pmax =
U

R
=
= 200W .
Pmax =

R
100
* Lu chung: Nu cc em nh c cng thc th ta c kt qu rt nhanh. iu ny rt ph hp cho trc
nghim. Tuy nhin, khng phi bi no cng c cng thc nh v nh ht c.

Bi tp p dng
Bi 1. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R = 60 , cun dy thu n cm c
1
t cm L =
H, t in c in dung C thay i c. t vo gia hai
2
u o n mch mt in p xoay chiu n nh: uAB = 120 2 cos100t (V). Xc nh in dung c a t in
2.10 4
cho cng sut tiu th trn o n mch t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i (S: C =
F, Pmax =

240 W).
2.10 4
Bi 2. M t on mch gm R = 50 , cu n thu n cm c t cm L v t in c in dung C =
F

mc ni tip. t vo hai u on mch mt in p xoay chiu c in p hiu dng 110 V, tn s 50 Hz.

Th thy u v i cng pha vi nhau. Tnh t cm ca cun cm v cng sut tiu th ca on mch (S: L
1
=
H, P = 242 W).
2
Bi 3. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong in tr thu n R = 50 , cun
dy thun cm c t cm L = 159 mH, t in c in dung C = 31,8 F,
in tr c a ampe k v dy ni khng ng k. t vo gia hai u on

mch m t in p xoay chiu u AB = 200cost (V). Xc nh tn s ca in p ampe k ch gi tr cc i

v s ch c a ampe k lc (S: f = 70,7 Hz, I = Imax = 2 2 A).

Bi 4. t in p u = 100 2 cos t (V), c thay i c vo hai u o n mch g m in tr thun 200

25
104
, cu n cm thun c t cm
H v t in c in dung
F mc n i tip. Cng sut tiu th ca
36

on mch l 50W. Xc nh tn s c a dng in (S: f = 60 Hz).

10 4
1
Bi 5. Cho mch in xoay chiu gm bin tr R, cun thu n cm L =
H, t in C =
F mc n i
2

tip vi nhau. t vo hai u o n mch in p xoay chiu u = 220 2 cos100t (V). Xc nh in tr ca

bin tr cng su t tiu th trn on mch t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i (S: R = |ZL ZC| =
U2
= 484W).
50 ;Pmax =
2R
Bi 6. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong cun dy c in tr thun r = 90
1, 2
, c t cm L =
H, R l mt bin tr. t vo gia hai u o n mch

mt in p xoay chiu n nh u AB = 200 2 cos100t (V). nh gi tr ca bin tr R cng sut to nhit

trn bin tr t gi tr cc i. Tnh cng sut cc i (S: R = 150 , PRmax = 83,3 W).
10 4
F;
Bi 7. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R = 100 3 ; C =
2
cu n dy thun cm c t cm L thay i c. in p gia hai u o n
mch l
u = 200cos100t (V). Xc nh t cm ca cun dy in p hiu d ng trn cu n cm L l
3,5
cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i (S: L =
H, ULmax = 216 V).

Bi 8. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong R = 60 , cu n dy thu n cm c

1
t cm L =
H, t in c in dung C thay i c. t vo gia hai u o n mch m t in p
2
xoay chiu n nh: uAB = 120 2 cos100t (V). Xc nh in dung c a t in in p gia hai bn t
10 4
t gi tr cc i. Tnh gi tr cc i (S: C =
F, UCmax =156 V).
1,22
Bi 9. Cho mt mch n i tip g m m t cu n thu n cm L =
=

10 4

H, in tr R = 100 , t in c in dung C

F. t vo mch m t in p xoay chiu u = 200 2 cost (V). Tm gi tr ca :

a. in p hiu dng trn R t cc i (S: = 70,7 rad/s).

b. in p hiu dng trn L t cc i (S: = 81,6 rad/s).
c. in p hiu d ng trn C t cc i (S: = 61,2 rad/s).
5. Bi ton hp en v lch pha

Cc cng thc
a. lch pha: lch pha c a in p hai u mch v cng dng in ch y qua mch:
Z ZC
tg = L
.
R
Z LX ZCX

tg X =
RX

Xt o n mch AB ch a hai on mch X, Y, ta c:

tg = Z LY ZCY
Y
RY

Cc trng hp c bit:
 uX v uY cng pha: X = Y tg X = tgY .

X
A

Y
B

 uX vung pha uY: X Y = / 2 tg X .tgY = 1 .

 uX v uY ph nhau: X + Y = / 2 tg X .tgY = 1 .
 uX v uY lch pha : X Y = tg ( X Y ) = tg .

b. Bi ton hp en

Bi ton: C mt hp en X cha m t trong cc phn t R, L, C. S d ng iu kin bi ton xc
nh xem trong hp en c cha nhng phn t no?

Cch gii: Da vo cc du hiu sau nhn bit h p en:
1. Da vo X
a. Hp en c m t phn t
 Nu: X = 0 : hp en cha R.
 Nu: X = / 2 : hp en cha L.
 Nu: X = / 2 : h p en cha C.

b. Hp en c hai phn t
 Nu: 0 < X < / 2 : h p en cha R, L.
 Nu: / 2 < X < 0 : hp en cha R, C.
 Nu: X = / 2 : hp en cha L, C; vi ZL > ZC.
 Nu: X = / 2 : h p en cha L; vi ZL < ZC.
 Nu: X = 0 : hp en cha L, C; vi ZL = ZC.

2. Da vo hiu in th ca m ch
 Nu: U 2 = U R2 + U L2 th mch phi c R, L.
 Nu: U 2 = U R2 + U C2 th mch phi c R, C.
 Nu: U = |UL UC| th mch phi c L ni tip vi C.
3. Da vo du hiu khc
 Nu mch xy ra cng h ng ( = 0 ; Imax; Pmax) th mch phi c L, C.
 Nu c ta nhit th mch phi c R hoc cun dy c in tr thu n r.

Phng php gii: gii m t bi ton v hp kn ta thng s dng hai phng php sau:
 Phng php i s (thng dng)

Bc 1: Cn c u vo c a bai ton t ra cc gi thit c th xy ra.

Bc 2: Cn c u ra ca bi ton lo i b
cc gi thit khng ph hp.
Bc 3: Gi thit c chn l gi thit ph hp

vi tt c cc d kin u vo v u ra c a bi ton.
 Phng php s dng gin vc t trt

Bc 1: V gin vc t (trt) cho phn bit c a o n mch.

UL

UAN

UMB

UAB

Bc 2: Cn c vo d kin bi ton v phn cn li c a gin .

Bc 3: Da vo gin vc t tnh cc i lng cha bit, t
lm sng t hp kn.
 Lu
 Cc in p trn cc phn t c biu din bi cc vc t m

UR

ln t l vi in p d ng ca n.
UC

 lch pha gia cc hiu in th l gc hp bi gia cc vc t tng ng biu din chng.

 lch pha gia hiu in th v cng dng in l gc hp bi vc t biu din n vi trc i.

Bi tp v d
Bi 1. Cho mch in xoay chiu nh hnh v. Trong : h p

en X l m t hp en cha m t phn t: R hoc L ho c (L, r) hoc C. t vo hai u mch m t in p

xoay chiu uAB = 100 2 cos100t (V) th Ampe k ch

(W). Bit i tr pha hn u AB v C =

2 (A) v cng sut tiu th trn mch l P = 100

10 3
(F). Hi X cha phn t no v tnh gi tr c a phn t .
3

* Gi cch gii:
- Xc nh cc phn t trong hp X: Theo gi thit i tr pha hn u AB v mch tiu th in suy ra h p en l
mt cun dy c r 0.

- Tnh gi tr ca cc phn t trong hp X:

+ Ta c: P = rI 2 r =

100
P
=
= 50 .
2
2
I
2

( )

U
U2
ZL
4
2

Z
Z
=

=
= 5000
H.
=
2

Z L = 80 L =
2
2
I
I
+ Mc khc:
r + ( Z L ZC ) = 5000
5
Z 2 = r 2 + ( Z Z )2
Z L = 20 (loai).
L
C

Vy h p en X cha cu n dy (khng thu n cm) c

4
r = 50; L =
H.
5
Bi 2. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong u AB = A

C
M

200cos100t(V); ZC = 100; ZL = 200; I = 2 2(A) ; cos = 1; X l o n mch g m hai trong ba phn t:

R0, L0 (thun), C0 mc ni tip. Hi X cha nhng phn t no? Tnh gi tr ca cc phn t .
* Gi cch gii:
 Cch 1: Dng phng php gin vct trt

- Xc nh cc phn t trong hp X:
U AM = U C = 220 2V .

+ Ta c: U MN = U L = 400 2V .

U AB = 100 2V .

- Tnh gi tr ca cc phn t trong hp X:

UC0

UMN

A
UA B

+ Theo bi ra: cos = 1 u AB v i cng pha. Mt khc theo gin

vc t (hnh bn) Hp X phi cha in tr Ro v t in Co.

UR 0

UA M
M

100 2
= 50.
U R0 = U AB IR0 = 100 2 R0 =

2 2
+ Ta c:
4
U = U U IZ = 200 2 Z = 200 2 = 100 C = 10 F .
L
C
C0
C0
0
C0

2 2

 Cch 2: Dng phng php i s: - Ta c: Z AB =

100 2
R
= 50 ; cos = = 1 .
Z
2 2

- Bc 1: Cn c u vo ca bi ton t cc gi thit c th xy ra: Do cos = 1 = 0 (cng

hng) phi cha R0, m X cha hai phn t nn X c cha Ro v Lo ho c Ro v Co.
- Bc 2: Cn c u ra loi b cc gi thit khng ph hp: Do cos = 1 = 0 (c ng hng) nn:
ZL(t ng) = ZC(t ng), m ZL > ZC X phi cha Co. Vy hp X cha Ro v Co.
U AB

cos = 1 R = Z AB = I = 50.
- Bc 3: Tnh R0 v C0: Ta c:
4
Z = Z Z = 200 100 = 100 C = 10 F .
L
C
0
C0

Bi tp p dng
Bi 1. Trn m t on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh g m hai phn t thun (in tr thu n R, cun cm

thun L hoc t in C), cng dng in sm pha (vi 0 < <

) so vi in p hai u o n mch.
2
Xc nh cc loi phn t c a o n mch (S: on mch c R v C).
Bi 2. t vo hai u on mch RLC khng phn nhnh m t in p xoay chiu u = U0cost th dng i n
ch y trong mch l i = I0cos(t +

). C th kt lun c chnh xc nh ng iu g v in tr thun R, cm

6
khng ZL v dung khng ZC ca o n mch (S: ZC > ZL; R = 3 (ZC ZL).
Bi 3. Trn m t on mch xoay chiu khng phn nhnh g m hai phn t thun (in tr thu n R, cun cm
3
thun L ho c t in C) khc loi. t vo hai u on mch in p u1 = 100 2 cos(100t +
) (V) th
4
cng dng in qua mch l i1 =
100 2 cos(50t +

2 cos(100t +

) (A). Nu t vo hai u o n mch in p u 2 =

) (V) th cng dng in l i2 = 2 cos50t (A). Xc nh hai thnh phn ca o n

2
mch (S: on mch ch c L v C).
Bi 4. Cho in nh hnh v. Trong X l hp en cha mt trong 3 phn t
(in tr thu n R, cun cm thun L ho c t in C) v R = 50 . Khi t vo
hai u AB mt in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu d ng 200 V th in p hiu
dng gia hai u in tr thun R l 120V v in p gia hai u hp en tr pha hn in p gia hai u
in tr thu n. Xc nh loi linh kin c a hp en v tr khng ca n (S: Hp en ch a t in; ZC =
200
).
3
Bi 5. Cho in nh hnh v. Trong X l hp en cha hai trong ba phn t
(in tr thun R, cu n cm thu n L hoc t in C). Bit rng khi t m t
in p xoay chiu uAB = 220 2 cos(100t +

) (V) vo hai u o n

mch th cng dng in ch y trong mch l i = 4 2 cos(100t +

)
3
(A). Xc nh cc lo i linh kin trong hp en (S: Hp en cha R v C).
Bi 6. Cho mch in nh hnh v. Trong hp en X ch a hai trong 3 phn t (in tr thu n R, cun cm
thun L ho c t in C). Bit R = ZC = 100 ; uMA tr pha hn uAN gc

v UMA = 3UAN. Xc nh cc
12
lo i linh kin trong h p en v gi tr tr khng c a chng (S: Hp en cha in tr thun Rx v t in
Cx; Rx = 150 2 v ZCx = 150 6 ).

Bi 7. Trong ba hp en X, Y, Z c ba linh kin khc lo i nhau l in tr thun, cun cm thu n hoc t

in. Bit khi t vo hai u on mch MN in p uMN =
100 2 cos100t (V) th cng dng in ch y trong mch l i =
2 cos100t (A) v in p gia hai u cc on mch AB v AN l
uAB = 100 2 cos100t (V) v uAN = 200cos(100t -

) (V). Xc nh loi linh kin ca tng h p en v tr

4
khng ca chng (S: Hp en Y cha in tr thun R v R = 100 ; Hp en Z cha t in v ZC = 100
; X l cun c m thun v ZL = 100 ).
6. My bin p Truyn ti in nng

Cc cng thc
 My bin p:
U
I
N
 Ch khng ti: 2 = 1 = 2 .
U 1 I 2 N1
U
E
I
N
 Ch c ti (cun dy khng c in tr): 2 = 2 = 1 = 2 .
U1 E1 I 2 N1
P
U .I .cos2
 Hiu su t ca my bin p: H = thu cap = 2 2
.
Pso cap U1.I1.cos1
 Truyn ti in nng:
 Cng sut hao ph trn ng dy ti: Php = RI2 = R(

P 2
) =
U

R
2
.
U2
 gim in p trn ng dy ti in: U = U1 U2 = IR.
U1
U2
P Php
 Hiu su t ti in: H =
.
P
R
 Lu : S ph thu c c a in tr vo bn cht c a vt dn xc nh
2
l
bng cng thc: R = . Trong :
S
+ : in tr su t (.m).
+ l: chiu di dy dn (m).
+ S: tit din ngang c a dy dn (m2).
+ I: cng dng in chy qua dy ti in (A).

Phng php gii: tm cc i lng trn my bin p ho c trn ng dy ti in ta vit biu
thc lin quan n cc i lng bit v i lng cn tm t suy ra v tnh i lng cn tm.

Bi tp v d
Bi 1. M t my bin p l tng (H = 100%) c cu n s cp 300 vng v cu n th cp 1500 vng. Mc cun
s cp vo m t in p xoay chiu c gi tr hiu dng 120V.
a.Tnh in p hiu d ng hai u cun th cp.
b. Tnh cng hiu dng cu n th cp, nu cng hiu dng cu n s cp l I1 = 2A.
* Gi cch gii:
U
N
N
1500
a. in p hiu d ng cun s cp: 2 = 2 U 2 = U1 2 = 120.
= 600 V.
U1 N1
N1
300
P2

b. Cng hiu dng c a mch th cp:

I2 U1
U
120
=
I2 = I1 1 = 2.
= 0, 4 A.
I1 U 2
U2
600

Bi 2. M t trm pht in truyn cn i cng sut P = 50 kW hiu in th trm l 500V. in tr ton

ng dy l 4 .
a. Tnh gim th, cng su t hao ph trn ng dy.
b. Ni hai cc c a trm pht in vi m t my bin th c h s k = 0,1. Tnh cng su t hao ph trn
ng dy v hiu su t ti in. Bit rng nng lng hao ph trong my bin th khng ng k, hiu in
th v cng dng in lun cng pha.

P 50.103
=
= 100 A.
U
500
a. Tnh gim th , cng sut hao ph trn ng dy
* gim th trn ng dy: U = IR = 100.4 = 400V.
* Cng su t hao ph trn dy: Php = RI2 = 4.1002 = 40000W = 40kW.
b. Tnh cng sut hao ph v hiu su t ti in

* Gi cch gii: Ta c: I=

Ta c: k =

500
U1
U
P 50.103
= 5000V; I2 =
U2 = 1 =
=
= 10 A.
k
0,1
U2
U2
5000

* Cng su t hao ph trn dy: Php' = RI 22 = 4.(10 ) = 400W = 0, 4kW .

2

* Hiu sut ti in: H =

P - Php'
P

50 0, 4
= 99, 2%.
50

Bi tp p dng
Bi 1. M t my bin p c s vng dy trn cun s cp v s vng dy c a cun th cp l 2000 vng v
500 vng. in p hiu dng v cng hin dng mch th cp ln lt l 50 V v 6 A. Tnh in p
hiu dng v cng hiu d ng mch s cp (S: U1 = 200 V; I1 = 1,5 A).
Bi 2. Cu n s cp v th cp c a m t my bin p c s vng ln lt l N1 = 600 vng, N2 = 120 vng.
in tr thun ca cc cu n dy khng ng k. N i hai u cun s cp vi in p xoay chiu c gi tr
hiu dng 380 V.
a. Tnh in p hai u cun th cp (S: U2 = 76 V).
b. N i 2 u cun th cp vi bng n c in tr 100 . Tnh c ng dng in hiu d ng ch y trong
cu n s cp. B qua hao ph my bin p (S: I1 = 0,152 A).
Bi 3. M t my pht in c cng sut 120 kW, in p hiu d ng gia hai cc ca my pht l 1200 V.
truyn n ni tiu th , ngi ta dng m t dy ti in c in tr t ng cng 6 .
a. Tnh hiu sut ti in v in p hai u dy ni tiu th (S: H = 50%; U2 = U1 U = 600 V).
b. tng hiu sut ti in, ngi ta dng mt my bin p t ni my pht c t s vng dy cun th
cp v s cp l 10. B qua mi hao ph trong my bin p, tnh cng sut hao ph trn dy v hiu sut ti
in lc ny (S: P = Php = 600 W; H = 0,995 = 99,5%).
Bi 4. in nng c ti t trm tng p ti trm h p bng ng dy ti in mt pha c in tr R = 30
. Bit in p hai u cun s cp v th cp ca my h p ln lt l 2200 V v 220 V, cng dng
in ch y trong cu n th cp ca my h p l 100 A. B qua tn hao nng lng cc my bin p. Tnh
in p hai cc trm tng p. Coi h s cng sut bng 1 (S: U1 = U2 + U = 2500 V).
Bi 5. t vo hai u cun s cp ca mt my bin p l tng (b qua hao ph) mt in p xoay chiu
c gi tr hiu d ng khng i th in p hiu dng gia hai u cun th cp h l 100 V. cun th
cp, nu gim bt n vng dy th in p hiu d ng gia hai u h ca n l U, nu tng thm n vng dy
th in p l 2U. Tnh in p hiu dng gia hai u cun th cp h khi tng thm 3n vng dy cun
th cp (S: U3 = 200 V).
7. My pht in ng c in

Cc cng thc
 Tn s dng in do my pht in xoay chiu m t pha pht ra (tnh ra Hz): f = p.n. Trong : p: s
cp cc; n: s vng quay c a rto/giy.
 Mch ba pha mc hnh sao: Ud = 3 Up; Id = Ip.
 Mch ba pha mc hnh tam gic: Ud = Up; Id = 3 Ip.
 Cng sut tiu th trn ng c in: Ptiu th = Pin = UIcos = Pc + Phao ph.
P
 Hiu sut ca ng c in: H = c .100%.
P

Lu
 my pht v ti tiu th thng chn cch mc tng ng vi nhau.
 Cng sut tiu th mi ti: P = U p I t cos t = Rt I t2 .

Bi tp v d

Bi 1. Hai my pht in xoay chiu mt pha: My th nht c 2 cp cc, rto quay vi t c 1600
vng/pht. My th hai c 4 cp cc. tn s do hai my pht ra nh nhau th rto ca my th hai phi
quay vi tc bng bao nhiu?
f = p1n1
n p 1600.2
* Gi cch gii: Ta c: 1
. Do f1 = f 2 nn p1n1 = p2 n2 n2 = 1 1 =
= 800 vng/pht.
p2
4
f 2 = p2n2
Bi 2. M t ng c khng ng b ba pha c cng sut 11,4kW v h s cng sut 0,866 c mc theo kiu
hnh sao vo mch in ba pha c in p dy l 380V. Ly 3 1,732. Tnh cng hiu d ng ca dng
in ch y qua ng c. B qua mi hao ph.
* Gi cch gii:
U
- Cng sut tiu th m i ti: Pt = U p I t cos = U p I p cos = d I p cos (do mc sao th It = I p = I d ).
3
- Cng sut tiu th 3 ti (cng sut ng c in):
Ud
P
P
11, 4.103
I p cos I p =
=
=
= 20 A.
3U p cos 3 U d cos 3 380 0,866
3
3
3
Bi 3. Mt ng c in xoay chiu c hiu sut 80%. Khi mc ng c vo mng xoay chiu th n sn ra
mt cng sut c h c 100kW. Tnh in nng tiu th c a ng c trong mt gi.
P
P 105
* Gi cch gii:
- Ta c: H = c P = c =
= 125000W = 125kW .
P
H 0,8
P = 3U p I p cos = 3

- in nng tiu thu trong 1h: A = P.t = 125000.1 = 125kWh.

Bi tp p dng
Bi 1. M t my pht in xoay chiu mt pha c phn cm l rto gm 8 cp cc (8 cc nam v 8 cc bc).
Rto quay v i t c 300 vng/pht.
a. Tnh tn s ca su t in ng cm ng do my pht ra (S: f = 40 Hz).
b. tn s c a su t in ng cm ng do my pht ra b ng 50 Hz th rto phi quay vi tc bng
bao nhiu? (S: n = 375 vng/pht).
Bi 2. M t my pht in xoay chiu m t pha c 4 cp cc. Biu thc c a su t in ng do my pht ra l e
= 220 2 cos(100t 0,5) (V). Tnh t c quay c a rto theo n v vng/pht (S: n = 750 vng/pht).
Bi 3. Mt ng c in xoay chiu c in tr dy cu n l 32 , khi mc vo mch c in p hiu dng
200 V th sn ra cng sut 43 W. Bit h s cng sut l 0,9. Tnh cng dng in ch y qua ng c
43
[S: I =
A (loi v cng sut hao ph qu ln, khng ph hp thc t) hoc I = 0,25 A (nhn)].
8
Bi 4. M t ng c in xoay chiu khi ho t ng bnh thng vi in p hiu dng 220 V th sinh ra cng
sut c hc l 170 W. Bit ng c c h s cng sut 0,85 v cng su t ta nhit trn dy qu n ng c l
17 W. B qua cc hao ph khc. Tnh cng dng in cc i qua ng c (S: I0 = I 2 = 2 A).
Bi 5. M t ng c khng ng b ba pha mc theo kiu hnh sao c ni vo mch in ba pha c in p
3
pha Upha = 220V. Cng su t in c a ng c l 6, 6 3 kW; h s cng su t ca ng c l
. Tnh cng
2
P
dng in hiu d ng qua mi cun dy ca ng c (S: I =
= 20 A).
3U pha cos
Ht chng 3, cc em n c chng 4. Dao ng in t nh!