Chapter 10 - Moments of Inertia of Areas

Consider the beam shown below

dA
Neutral Axis
Pure Bending
dF = k y dA

Internal forces are distributed forces whose magnitudes vary linearly with the distance y
from an axis passing through the centroid of the section.
Total resultant:

R kydA k ydA
1st moment, Qx
The moment:
dM ydF ky 2 dA
M ky 2 dA k y 2 dA

2nd moment, Qxx

Moment of inertia
Moment of inertia of an area by integration
y

dy

y
x

dA = (a - x)dy

x
dx

dA = ydx

Rectangular moments of inertia

I x y 2 dA I y x 2 dA

Polar moment of inertia

Lecture21.doc

J o r 2 dA

J o r 2 dA ( x 2 y 2 ) dA y 2 dA x 2 dA
Jo Ix I y

Radius of gyration of an area

y

Has moment of inertia

A
x

Concentrate this area in a thin strip

y

If a strip is to have same moment of inertia,

the strip should be placed as shown.

A
kx
x

By def: I x k x A
Thus:
kx

Ix
A
2

Iy ky A
2

J o ko A

ky

ko

Iy
A

Jo
A

or

ko k x k y

Radius of gyration - the distance, from an axis which passes through the CG, at which all
the area or mass of an object could be concentrated without changing its moment of
inertia.

Lecture21.doc

Parallel- Axis Theorem

Consider:
dA
y'
B

B'

centroidal axis

C
y

A'

Moment of inertia with respect to AA'

I y 2 dA

y y d

I ( y d ) 2 dA
I y 2 dA 2d y dA d 2 dA
MOI, I W.R.T.
Centroidal Axis

I I Ad 2

1ST moment
W.R.T. BB.
Centroid, C, is
located on BB'

total area

Parallel axis theorem

The moment of inertia of an area W.R.T. to any given axis AA' is equal to the MOI I of
the area with respect to the centroidal axis plus Ad 2 . Product of area, A, and the square
of the distance d between the 2 axes.
J o J c Ad 2

The parallel axis theorem can be applied only if one of the two parallel axes passes
through the centroid of the area.

Lecture21.doc

Example
1). Given:
y

x x2
2
a a

y 4h
h

x
a

Find: Moment of inertia of shaded area with respect to the y-axis.

y
a
x
y

h
x

dx

dA = ydx
a
x x2
I y x 2 dA x 2 4h 2
0
a a
1
I y ha 3
5

Lecture21.doc

3
a x
x4
dx 4h
2
0

a a

x4
x5
2
4a 5a

dx 4h

a3 a3

5
4

4h