19-Feb-11

Chng 2
DIODE BN DN
2.1 Khi nim
Diode l mt linh kin bn dn 2 cc, cu to c bn da trn
chuyn tip PN. in cc ni vi bn dn P gi l Anode (A), in
cc ni vi bn dn N gi l Cathode (K).
Cathode

Anode

(N)
K hiu ca diode bn dn

(P)

Mt s hnh dng ca cc loi diode

2.2 Cc tham s ca diode bn dn

1. in tr mt chiu (in tr tnh):
- Theo chiu thun: R th =

V th
Ith

(C gi tr t vi n vi chc )
- Theo chiu ngc: R ng =

Vng
Ing

(C gi tr rt ln, hng trm K)

2. in tr xoay chiu (in tr vi phn):

rd =

dV
dI

T
- Khi diode lm vic trn im gin on: rD = I + rB ( )
0 .026
+ rB ( )
- nhit phng: rD =
I
- Khi diode lm vic vi dng cao th c th b qua rB.

19-Feb-11

2.2 Cc tham s ca diode bn dn

3. in dung tng ng:
C0 = C hng ro + C khuch tn
4. Mt vi tham s gii hn khc:
- in p ngc cc i cho php V ngc max.
- Dng in thun cc i cho php Imax.
- Cng sut tiu hao cc i cho php Pmax.
- Tn s cc i cho php ca tn hiu xoay chiu Fmax.

2.3 Phn tch mch DC cha diode

Gi s l diode silicon c phn cc thun sao cho c dng

in im lm vic nm trn im gin on (the knee):
E = I.R + 0.7 (V)

(V = 0.7 in p dn ca diode V)

I = (E 0.7)/R (A)
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19-Feb-11

2.4 Phn tch mch tn hiu nh cho diode

Tn hiu nh c xem l on lm vic ca diode trn c tuyn
nh c th xem l tuyn tnh.

v ( t ) = E + A sin t
p dng nguyn l xp chng cho mch tuyn tnh:
E 0 .7
A
i (t ) = I + i =
+
s in t
R
R + rD

v (D ) = 0 .7 +

rD A s i n t
R + rD

2.4 Phn tch mch tn hiu nh cho diode

- i vi ngun DC:
I = (E 0.7) / R (A)
- i vi ngun AC:

rD =

i=

0.026
()
I

e
A
=
sin t
R + rD R + rD

- Tng hp:

E 0 .7
A
+
s in t
R
R + rD
r A s in t
= 0 .7 + D
R + rD

i (t ) = I + i =
v

(D )

19-Feb-11

2.5 ng ti
Phn tch tn hiu nh c th s dng pp th: ng ti DC biu
din mi quan h ca I,V trn diode khi c phn cc ca in p DC.

2.5 ng ti
- im lm vic ca diode chnh l giao im ca ng ti v c
tuyn.
- Giao im ny c gi l im lm vic tnh hay im phn cc,
k hiu l Q.

19-Feb-11

2.5 ng ti

2.6 Phn tch tn hiu ln cho diode

- Ch tn hiu ln khi s thay i ca dng in v in p ca
diode m rng ra trn ton b c tuyn.
- Khi in tr ca mt diode thay i t rt nh n rt ln, n hot
ng ging nh mt cng tc (switch).
- Mt cng tc l tng c in tr bng khng khi ng v in
tr l v cng khi m.
- Diode c th c xem nh mt cng tc c iu khin bng
in p: ng khi c phn cc thun v m khi phn cc
ngc.

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19-Feb-11

2.7 Chnh lu
- Mch chnh lu l mch ch cho php dng in chy qua n theo
mt chiu.
- Bin in xoay chiu thnh in mt chiu.
- Diode s dng trong mch ny gi l diode chnh lu.

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V d
Cho mch in nh hnh v, diode Ge c V= 0.2V, ni tr rD
khng ng k. Ti RL = 9, ngun tn hiu vo c ri = 1.
1. Bit in p vo c dng xung vung hoc hnh sin, bin
10V. Hy v dng sng v xc nh in p trn ti RL.
2. Vn cu hi 1 nhng khi vi(t) l hnh sin c bin 1V. Xc nh
gi tr in p trn ti ti thi im t = /2.

VL

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19-Feb-11

Hng dn
1. - Dng qua ti RL: iL =

v i V
ri + RL

- p ri trn ti:
v L (t) =

v i V
ri + RL

x RL

- V V << vi, nn c th b qua V :

vi
v L (t) =
x R L = 0 .9 v i ( t )
ri + RL
V

10
9

vL

V
vL

t
vi

vi

-10

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Hng dn
2. Khi vi nh, khng th b qua V. Diode ch dn in trong khong
thi gian vi > V, ti t = /2:
v L (t) =
vi

v i V
ri + R L

x RL =

(sin t 0 .2 )
.9 = 0 .72 V
10

1V
V=0.2V
t

VL
0.72V
t
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19-Feb-11

2.8 Diode n p (Zener)

K hiu:

c tnh:
- Ch to bng vt liu chu nhit v ta nhit tt.
- Hot ng ch phn cc ngc.
- on lm vic trn phn c tuyn song song vi trc
tung.

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2.8 Diode n p (Zener)

V1

VZ

V2

IZmin

IZ

V1: in p 1 chiu cha n nh.

IZmax

V2: in p ly ra trn ti n nh.

Q
B

Imax =

Pmax
Vng

R1: in tr hn dng cho diode,

sao cho Q nm trn on AB.

c tuyn V-A ca diode Zener

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19-Feb-11

V d
Cho mch in nh hnh v:
R1 = 300; R2 = 1200.
Xc nh phm vi thay i ca Vi
c in p ra trn ti R2 n nh
mc 10V.

IR

IZ

Vi+
Vi

IL
VL

(Chn loi diode Zener c VZ = 10V,

IZmin = 10mA, IZmax = 30mA.)

Hng dn
- Dng qua ti:

IL =

VL
= 8.3 (mA )
R2

- p dng nh lut Ohm:

Vi = IRR1 + VZ = (IZ + IL )R1 + VZ

Vimin = 15.5 V

; Vi max = 21.5V

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