PREFACE

With utter gratitude to the presence of Almighty God, for all the
abundance of His mercy and grace to me that can resolve this paper with title:
Copper Toxicity in Aquatic Animals
I recognize that in making this paper the help and guidance of Almighty
God is very important, and can not be separated from the support of various
parties around. I delivered my respect and gratitude to all those who helped in
making this paper.
I realize that in the process of writing this paper is still far from the
perfection, both material and how to write it. However, I have been working with
all the skills and knowledge that can be done well , I always open arms and accept
feedback from the reader, suggestions and proposals for improving this paper.
Finally, I hope that this paper can be useful for all readers.

Surabaya, 24th November 2014

CONTENT

PREFACE................................................................................................... i
CONTENT.................................................................................................. ii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
1.1

Background....................................................................

1.2

Statement of The Problem.............................................. 2

1.3

Purpose of The Study....................................................... 2

1.4

Scope of Study..............................................................

CHAPTER 2 DISCUSSION
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6

Copper Influence the Freshwater Food Chain..

The Sublethal Effects of Copper on Salmon.
Copper Impairs the Olfaction Of Fish
Copper Interferes With Fish Migration.
Copper Impairs Fish Immune Response
The Lesions of Copper Toxicity

3
3
4
5
5
6

CHAPTER 3 CLOSING

3.1

Conclusion.....................................................................

REFERENCES...............................................................................................

Ii

Aquatic Animals Disease Lecture

Copper Toxicity in Aquatic Animals

9
10

Erika Rofiana Yuli Andani

061211133048
E class (International Class)

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Airlangga University
2014