10.

7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

10.7.1 Nucleate Boiling in a Wicked Surface

Figure 10.35 Modes

of heat transfer in
wicks

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

Figure 10.36 Comparison of

high heat flux surface to plain
tube for R-113

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

Figure 10.37
Heat transfer
from a
submerged wick

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

At equilibrium

pb ,v pl =

(10.240)
Relation between the liquid pressure and the vapor2
pressure
pv pl =
Rmen
(10.241)
Combining eqs. (10.240) and (10.241)
1
1
(10.242)
p p = 2

b ,v

Rb

Rmen

Vapor pressure in the bubble is related to saturation

pressure corresponding to the wall temperature by

2 v
(10.243)
p = p (T ) 1
b ,v

2
Rb

sat

psat (Tw ) Rb l

Combining eqs. (10.242) and (10.243)

1
1
psat (Tw ) pv = 2

Rb Rmen

2 v
+
Rb l

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

(10.244)

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

Figure 10.38 Bubble formation at the wall-wick interface

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Critical temperature difference

If

Tcrit = Tw Tv =

2 1
2 v
1
ln 1 +

hlv
p
R
R
p
R

v
b
men
v b l

2 v
2 1
1

+
<1

pv Rb Rmen pv Rb l

RgTvTw

Eq. (10.245) can be rewrittn as

Tcrit

Rg TvTw 2 1
1
= Tw Tv =

hlv pv Rb Rmen

Considering

Chapter 10: Boiling

2 v

+
p
R

v b l

(10.245)

(10.246)

2 v
2 1
1
=

pv Rb l
pv Rb Rmen

A commonly-used critical superheat for bubble formation

2 Tv 1
1
(10.247)
T =

crit

hlv v Rb

Rmen

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

10.7.2 Nucleate Boiling in Porous Media

Heating from Below
Isothermal, permeable

Liquid region

x
y

2/

Figure 10.39
Boiling in a
porous
medium

Two-phase
region
Constant heat flux, impermeable
Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Characteristics of boiling in porous media is often

described using the Bond number
g ( l v )K /
(10.248)
Bo =

Transition boiling in porous media

Nul =

Chapter 10: Boiling

q d p

Te keff ,l

= 0.075

/[ g ( l v )]
dp

0.9

hlv

ceff ,l Te

Exponents in eq. (10.249) are

and

keff ,l
2.37
Prl

k
l

dp
m = 1.3

/[ g ( )]
l
v

0.6

Prl 0.8

n = 0.59 Prl0.3
Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

(10.249)

(10.250)
(10.251)

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

Figure 10.40 Effect of

particle size (Bond
number) on boiling
curve for R-11 in packed
bed with glass beads

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

For film boiling in porous media

0.04

Nuv =

q d p

Te keff ,v

hlv
0.25
= 4.10(Gr Prv )
ceff ,v Te

Grashof number

Gr =

Chapter 10: Boiling

keff ,v

k
v

0.95

dp

H
p

0.15

( l v ) v gd p3

(10.253)

v2
Empirical correlation for minimum heat flux

dp
3
=9.21 10

v hlv
/[ g ( l v )]
q

2
min

dp

0.65

0.5

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

keff ,v

k
v

(10.252)

0.1

(10.254)

10

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

10.7.3 Film Boiling in Porous Media

Governing equation in the vapor film are

uv vv
+
= 0
x y

(10.255)

K
uv =
( l v ) g
v
Tv
Tv
uv
+ vv
=
x
y

mv

2Tv
y2

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

(10.256)
(10.257)

11

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

T
w

Chapter 10: Boiling

Tsat

Figure 10.41 Film boiling

g
x

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

12

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

Governing equations for the liquid boundary layer are

ul vl
+
= 0
(10.258)
x y
K
(10.259)
ul =
g l (Tl T )
l
Tl
Tl
2Tl
(10.260)
ul
+ vl
= ml 2
x
y
y
Boundary conditions are the heated wall (y=0) are
vv = 0, y = 0
(10.261)

T = Tw ,

y= 0

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

(10.262)
13

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

Boundary condition in the liquid that is far from the

heated surface
ul = 0, y
(10.263)
Tl = T ,

(10.264)

Mass balance at the liquid-vapor interface

d
d

(10.265)

v
=

v
,
y
=

dx
dx

v
l
Temperature at the liquid-vapor interface is equal to the
saturation temperature
Tv = Tl = Tsat , y = v
(10.266)

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

14

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

Figure 10.42 Heat transfer for film boiling on a vertical wall in porous media (Cheng and
Verma, 1981).

Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

15

10.7 Boiling in Porous Media

Chapter 10: Boiling

Dimensionless parameters used in Fig. 10.42 are

hx x
qw x
( l v ) gKx
Nu x =
=
, Ra xv =
kmv kmv (Tw Tsat )
v mv
(10.267)
c pl (Tsat T )
v l mv ( l v )c pl
R=
,

, Jav =
l v ml l l hlv
hlv
c pv (Tw Tsat )
Jal =
hlv

The following asymptotic result can be obtained from Fig.

10.24
Nu x = 0.5642Ra1/xv2 , Ja v
(10.268)
Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems by A. Faghri & Y. Zhang

16