Initial Data:

T (s)

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85

1.1329
1.1342
1.1388
1.1522
1.1629
1.1988
1.2271
1.26
1.2971
1.355
1.4233
1.505
1.626
1.74
1.9875
2.2967
2.92
4.07

0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85

4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

20

40
60
Angle(degrees)

80

100

Analysis:
Before starting the analysis, here are the constant values used for equation 6:

Leff = 0.314 m (the length of the rod)

g = 9.8m/s^2
1) Through the use of equation number 6 given in the package, the theoretical period is determinable.
Here are the results:
Theoretical(s)
1.124
1.126
1.133
1.144
1.16
1.18
1.208
1.242
1.285
1.337
1.403
1.485
1.59
1.73
1.923
2.21
2.69
3.8

Theta vs. The Theoretical Periods

T(S)

Fixed Angles vs. Periods Found

Period(S)

4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0

20

40

60

Angle(degrees)

80

100

2) The values of the actual period and the theoretical period were found to be very similar. Using the
length of the rod as the effective length, we were able to get fairly close results till the end. With this
being said, as the angle got larger, the difference between the period of the theoretical time and the
actual time started to increase more than the difference of periods found in the smaller angles. This
happened due to experimental errors. When measuring the angles, if there happened to be a slight
inaccuracy, this could have increased or decreased our period by a lot. For an example, when eyeballing the angle, an angle or two could have been missed. Also when starting the time of the
oscillation of the pendulum, a delay of time is very possible because when timing it, our group may
have started it a millisecond late causing the period to be slightly inaccurate. If we look at the
theoretical periods at 85 and 84.5 degrees, the difference between those two periods are 0.2s (3.80s
3.63) and this essentially tells us that even a small change to the degree can still affect the resultant
period found.
3) These inaccuracies show that equation 6 cannot be applied in real life situations. There are too many
variables to be taken account of causing a difference in values of theoretical and actual time. For
example, air resistance was neither taken to account during the oscillation of the pendulum.
4) Although we were not able to find an accurate effective length, according to equation 4 in the package
given, the masses of each piece are used in finding the effective length. Because mass heavily
influences the effective length it, it will definitely change the period.

QUESTIONS:
1
1.004
1.015
1.035
1.064
1.104
1.155
1.221
1.305
1.41
1.555
1.742
2
2.364
2.924
3.861
5.747
11.481

T^2 (s)
1.28346241
1.28640964
1.29686544
1.32756484
1.35233641
1.43712144
1.50577414
1.5876
1.68246841
1.836025
2.02578289
2.265025
2.643876
3.0276
3.95015625
5.27483089
8.5264
16.5649

T^2 vs. 1/cos

T^2(s)

1/cos

18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0

y = 1.4675x - 0.2339

10

15

1/cos

1) The slope found in this graph is 1.4675. We were not able to

extract the value of g using the given information.

2) By analyzing equation 6, if 90 degrees is subbed into , cos 90 would come out to be 0 causing the
whole time period to be invalid (whole number divided by zero is always invalid). Since cos 90 is being
multiplied by the value g, the acceleration due to gravity would correspond to the value of zero
because cos theta is being multiplied by the value of the acceleration due to gravity.