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Romanesque Architecture
Romanesque Architecture
INFLUENCES
A.
HISTORY
Constantine halved the empire into
Western and Eastern parts
the old Roman political system
ended in 476 AD
the decline of the Roman empire
led to the rise of independent
states and nations across Europe
this went on for three centuries,
from 500 to 800AD
800AD Frankish king Charlemagne
was crowned emperor by the pope
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
D.
RELIGIOUS
RELIGIOUS ORDERS
Benedictine Order (Black Monk)
Clunlec Order
Carthusion Order
Clotercion Order (White Monk)
Secular Canon
ORDERS OF CANON Regular
Augustinian Canon
Gilbertine Canon
MILITARY ORDER
The Knights Templer
The Knights Hospitaller
The Mendicent Orders of Friors
ROMANESQUE ARCHITECTURE
ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTER
SOBER
DIGNIFIED
Architecture governed by
classical traditions
Roman-esque
Concentrated on beauty
and delicacy of
ornamental details
HISTORY
Milan, Venice, Ravenna, Pavia,
Verons, Genoa cities competed to
constructed glorious bldgs.
Link with:
- Northern Europe (through Alpine
passes)
- Constantinople (through Venice &
Ravenna)
B.
temperate climate
Plan:
Facade:
- arcades all over facade
- wheel window
- central projecting porch, with
columns on crouching beasts
Structurally:
- rib of panel vaulting framework
of ribs supported thin stonepanels
Ornament:
- character was less refined due to
use of stone & brick, instead of
marble
- roughly carved grotesque figures
of men & beasts (shows
Northern European influence)
S. Ambrogio, Milan
S. Fedele, Como
S. Michele, Pavia
- square-plan, no buttresses
- faade of simple pilaster strips
- loggia on top, displaying bells
- pyramidal roof
HISTORY
underwent Greek, Roman,
Byzantine, Muslim and Norman
B.
Facade:
- richer in design and color
- elaborate wheel windows w/c is
made of sheets of pierced
marble
- greater variety in columns &
capitals
- elaborate bronze doors & bronze
pilasters
HISTORY
Rome, Florence, Naples, Piza
cities rich in pagan history
Pisa had commercial link with the
Holy Land; fought with Muslims
B.
Facade:
- ornamental arcades
- doors & windows are small &
unimportant (even wheel
window)
Facade:
- 2 flanking square towers with
pyramidal or conical roofs
- imposing doorways with sculptural
tympana
- faade divide into wall arcades by
string courses or horizontal
mouldings
- filled with ornaments of foliage,
men & animal figures
Sides:
- massive walls with flat buttresses
- windows with semi-circular heads,
sometimes grouped together &
enclosed in larger arch
Ornament:
- capitals & bases are rough
Corinthian imitations
Norwich Cathedral
St. Albans Cathedral
Winchester Cathedral
Bristol Cathedral
Worchester Cathedral
Canterbury Cathedral
Windsor Castle
Tower of London
Castle Hedingman, Essex
Conisborough, Yorkshire