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High Yield Relationships-Slide # 1: C SV PP
High Yield Relationships-Slide # 1: C SV PP
Q=
P
R
P R
L
R 4
r
Flow =
MAP = CO X TPR
V
C=
P
CO = HR X SV
T Pr
(LaPlace)
Uptake of O2
PP =
SV
C
A V O2 difference
EF = SV/EDV X 100
Velocity = Q/CSA
Tone of arterioles
Sympathetic (alpha)
AII
AVP
Epi (alpha/beta-2)
Metabolism
NO
Pharm integration
Contractility
Autonomic
drugs
Stroke volume
F-S
Venoconstriction
VR
Preload
VR
Cardiac
output
Shock
TPR
Mean Arterial
Pressure
Anti-hypertensive
drugs
Baroreceptor activity
Blood volume
Urine volume
Renin
A II
Stimulates
Parasympathetic
activity
Inhibits
Sympathetic
activity
Aldo
Slide #4
Pressure (mmHg)
120
Diastolic dysfunction:
decreased compliance
causes increased
pressure
80
40
50
100
Volume (ml)
150
Passive
tension
Inspiration
RA in chest expands
pressure so Q (VR)
MAP = CO X TPR
Increases pulmonary
vascular resistance
Flow to LH
Becomes
more
negative
PTM for
pulmonary
vessels; their
volume increases
PTM = 0 -5 = 5
Veins here are
unaffected
Inspiration decreases vagal outflow
to the heart, thus HR increases
(respiratory sinus arrhythmia)
Pg 143
A a gradient
Elevated
Normal
Cause is
PAO2
Increase FIO2
Corrects
PaO2
Doesnt
correct PaO2
FIO2 corrects
PaCO2 likely
elevated
Diffusion
impairment
VA/Q
mismatch
GFR
RPF
FF impacts Pc!!!
UPAH X V
Renal
UX X V
clearance =
PX
CPAH = ERPF =
PPAH
ERPF
1- Hct
Glomerular
cap
pressure
Peritubular
cap
pressure
Nephron
plasma
flow
GFR
FF
Constrict efferent
Dilate efferent
Constrict afferent
Dilate afferent
Properties of ReceptorsSlide # 9
E + S (ES) E + P
H + R (HR) response
stimulus response
Michaelis-Menten
100
Vmax: determined
by [E] & [S]
50
[S] is
limiting
% Response
Velocity (% of max)
100
[R] is one
factor
50
[H] is
limiting
Km
0
[S]
[H]
Properties of ReceptorsSlide # 10
H + R (HR) response
stimulus response
A + R (AR) response
stimulus response
100
[R] is one
factor
50
[H] is
limiting
% Response
% Response
100
50
[H] is
limiting
EC50
[H]
Log [A]
High
Low
Note: AVP=ADH
Plasma AVP
Plasma AVP
High
Low
High
Low
*Nephro DI
(1O)
Dehydration
Neuro DI*
SIADH
(2O)
(1O)
(1O)
UOSM
POSM
>> 1
UOSM
POSM
<< 1
UOSM
POSM
>> 1
UOSM
POSM
<< 1
MetabolismCortisolSlide # 12
Glycogen
Gly
synthase
Gly
phos
Cortisol
FA
Glucokinase
FA
Glucose
Glucose
synthase
6-P
PFK-1 (via
G6-phos
PFK-2)
Malonyl CoA
Fructose 1,6AA
Pyruvate
bisphosphatase
(alanine)
kinase
Acetyl CoA
PEPCK
PDH
carboxylase
OAA
(thiamine)
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
Pyruvate
carboxylase
Cortisol
LDH
(biotin)
TCA
Ketones
Lactate
InsulinGlucagonSlide # 13
Glycogen
Gly
synthase
Insulin stimulates
Glucagon stimulates
Gly
phos
FA
Glucokinase
FA
Glucose
Glucose
Urea synthase
6-P
PFK-1 (via
G6-phos
PFK-2)
Malonyl CoA
Fructose 1,6AA
Pyruvate
bisphosphatase
(alanine)
kinase
Acetyl CoA
PEPCK
PDH
carboxylase
OAA
(thiamine)
Pyruvate
Acetyl CoA
Pyruvate
carboxylase
(biotin)
TCA
Ketones
Bone RemodelingSlide # 14
RANK-L;
OPG
Sexual DifferentiationSlide # 15
MIH = Mllerian inhibiting
hormone
Ovaries
T = Testosterone
SRY = sex determining
region of Y
Undifferentiated
gonad
XXno
SRY
XY has
SRY
Testes
MIH
Mllerian
ducts
Fallopian
tubes,
uterus,
inner vagina
Wolffian
ducts
Mllerian
ducts
Regress
Regress
Epididymis,
vas
deferens,
seminal
vesicles
Fallopian
tubes,
uterus, inner
vagina
T
Wolffian
ducts
Epididymis,
vas
deferens,
seminal
vesicles
Sexual DifferentiationSlide # 16
Testosterone
5 alpha-reductase
dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
Testes
Ovaries
No
DHT
DHT
Undifferentiated
organs
Clitoris, outer
vagina, labia
Penis,
scrotum, &
prostate
MenopauseSlide # 17
ACTH
FSH/LH
Choles
Tumor
Growth
DHEA
Test/A
aromatase
A
Adrenal cortex
Choles
17-Estradiol
Blood
Ovary
Anastrozole
Tamoxifen
Letrozole
Raloxifene
aromatase
DHEA
A
Adipose tissue
Estrone
aromatase
Pituitary
Estradiol
anovulation
Follicle
maturation
Adipose
insulin
Thecal
hormone
production
Ovaries
Androgens
Thiazolidinediones;
Metformin
SHBG
Androgens Dexamethasone
Adrenal