Dng 3.

Bi tp hn hp kim loi tc dng vi axit Nitric to hn hp kh

Cc bc gii :
- t n l s mol ca cc kim loi hoc cc kh ban u v lp mi lin h da
vo cc d kin ban u nu c t khi th lp ct t khi
- Vit cc qu trnh oxi ho v qu trnh kh v a t l mol vo .
- Lp phng trnh lin h : tng mol e nhng =tng mol e nhn
- Kt hp cc phng trnh gii v rt ra yu cu ca bi ton.
Cu 1: Hoa tan hoan toan hn hp gm 0,1 mol Fe va 0,2 mol Al vao dung dich HNO 3 d thu c hn hp
khi X gm NO va NO2 co ti l mol tng ng la 2:1. V y th tich cua hn hp khi X (ktc) la:
A. 86,4 lit
B. 8,64 lit
C. 19,28 lit
D. 192,8 lit
Cu2. Cho 16,6 gam hn hp 2 kim loi Fe v Al vo trong dung dch H2SO4long d
th thu c 11,2 lt H2(ktc). Cng lng kim loi trn cho vo dd dch HNO3 long d
th thu c V lt hn hp kh A bao gm N2 v N2O c dA/H2 =36. Tnh V?
Cu3. Cho 10,02 gam hn hp gm Al v Mg vo dung dch HNO3 long d th thu
c hn hp kh gm : 0,1mol NO ; 0,05 molN2 ; 0,025 mol N2O v dung dch X .
- Tnh % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hn hp
- Cho dung dch NH3 ti d vo X th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta.
- Cho dd NaOH ti d vo th thu c bao nhiu gam kt ta.
Cu4: Hoa tan ht 4,431 gam hh kim loai gm Al va Mg trong dd HNO3 loang thu c dd A va 1,568 lit hh
khi X u khng mau, co khi lng 2,59 gam, trong o co m t khi bi hoa nu trong khng khi. V y %
theo khi lng cua mi kim loai trong hh bng:
A. 12% va 88%
B. 13% va 87%
C. 12,8% va 87,2%
D. 20% va 80%
Cu 5: Chia 10 gam hn hp gm: Mg, Al, Zn thanh hai phn bng nhau. t chy hoan
toan phn mt trong O2 d thu c 21 gam hn hp oxit. Phn hai ha tan trong HNO3
c, nng d thu c V (lit) NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht) ktc. Gi tri cua V la:
A. 44,8 lt.
B. 89,6 lt.
C. 22,4 lt.
D. 30,8 lt.
Cu6. (Khi - 2007) Hoa tan hoan toan 12 gam hn hp Fe, Cu (ti l mol 1:1) bng axit HNO3, thu c V
lit ( ktc) hn hp khi X (gm NO va NO2) va dung dich Y (chi cha hai mui va axit d). Ti khi cua X
i vi H2 bng 19. Gi tri cua V la
A. 2,24 lit.
B. 4,48 lit.
C. 5,60 lit.
D. 3,36 lit.
Dng 4. Xc nh lng mui to thnh v s mol axit nitric tham gia phn
ng khi cho kim loi tc dng vi axit nitric.
Xt bai ton : Cho kim loai M phn ng vi dung dich HNO 3 tao ra hn hp sn phm khi gm NO2 ,NO ,
N2O , N2 , NH3 (NH4NO3)
- Tinh s mol axit tham gia phn ng
- Tinh khi lng mui tao thanh
Thng qua cc bn phn ng theo phng php in electron
Ta co n NO3_ tao mui = ne nhng = ne nhn
- m mui = mkl + m NO3 tao mui = mkl + (3 n NO + n NO2 + 8 n N2O + 10 n N2 + 8 n NH4NO3 ) 62
- n axit tham gia phn ng = 2 n NO2 + 4 n NO + 10 n N2O + 12 n N2 + 10 n NH4NO3
Cu1. cho 12g hn hp gm nhiu KL cha bit ha tr em ha tan va vn trong
100ml dung dch HNO3 sinh ra hn hp kh gm 0.01mol N2 v 0.02mol N2O.
a. tnh khi lng mui to thnh
b. tnh
Cu 2: Hoa tan ht 2,88 gam hh kim loai gm Fe va Mg trong dd HNO 3 loang d thu c 0,9856 lit hh khi
X gm NO va N2 ( 27,30C va 1 atm), co ti khi so vi H2 bng 14,75.
- Tinh s mol axit tham gia phn ng
- Tinh khi lng mui tao thanh

Cu3. Cho 1,35 gam hn hp gm Cu, Mg, Al tc dng ht vi dung dich HNO3 thu c hn hp khi gm
0,01 mol NO va 0,04 mol NO2. Tinh khi lng mui tao ra trong dung dich.
A. 10,08 gam.
B. 6,59 gam. C. 5,69 gam. D. 5,96 gam.
Cch 1: t x, y, z ln lt la s mol Cu, Mg, Al.
Nhng e:
Thu e:

Cu = Cu + 2e
x x 2x
5

Mg = Mg + 2e
y y 2y
5

Al = Al + 3e
z z 3z
4

N + 3e = N (NO)
N + 1e = N (NO2)
0,03 0,01
0,04 0,04
Ta co:
2x + 2y + 3z = 0,03 + 0,04 = 0,07
va 0,07 cng chinh la s mol NO3
Khi lng mui nitrat la:
1,35 + 620,07 = 5,69 gam. (p n C)
Cch 2:
Nhn inh mi: Khi cho kim loai hoc hn hp kim loai tc dng vi dung dich axit HNO3 tao hn hp 2
khi NO va NO2 th
n HNO3 2n NO2 4n NO
n HNO3 2 0,04 4 0,01 0,12 mol

p dng inh lut bo toan khi lng:

mKL mHNO3 mmui mNO mNO2 mH2O
1,35 + 0,1263 = mmui + 0,0130 + 0,0446 + 0,0618
mmui = 5,69 gam.

Cu 4: Cho 1,35 gam hh gm Mg, Al, Cu tc dng ht vi HNO 3 thu c hh khi gm 0,01 mol NO va 0,04
mol NO2. C can dd sau phn ng thu c hh mui vi khi lng la:
- Tinh s mol axit tham gia phn ng
- Tinh khi lng mui tao thanh
Cu5. Ho tan hon ton hn hp 7,92 gam Na , Mg , Al va trong 500m1 dung
dich HNO3 1,65M thu c V lt N2O l sn phm kh duy nht. Tm V v khi lng
mui thu c
A. 1,848 lt - 48,84g;
B. 3,08 lt- 42,A2 g C.2,05lit - 53,38g D. 3,696
lit - 28,38g
Dng 5. GiI bi ton khi cho fe ngoi khng kh to hn hp cc oxit ri cho tc
dng vi axitnitric
Bi ton t ra nh sau :
Bi ton 1. Cho m gam Fe ngoi khng kh sau mt thi gian c m1 gam hn
hp gm Fe , FeO , Fe2O3,Fe3O4.Cho hn hp ny tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 to kh a
mol kh X NO2(hoc NO , N2O, N2)
- Tnh m theo m1 v a ?
- Tnh m1 theo a v m
S dng phng php bo ton e :
Bi ton 2. Cho a gam hn hp X gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 ,Fe3O4 tc dng vi axit nitric
long to ra b mol NO (NO2 , N2O , N2) .
- Tnh khi lng mui to thnh
- tnh s mol axit tham gia phn ng
NO3- + 3e + 4H+ NO + 2 H2O
3b
4b
b mol
+5
S mol e m N
nhn = s mol O oxi ho Fe ln Fe+3
S gam hn hp X ti a l : a +

3b
x16 gam
2

 s mol Fe(NO3)3 trong dung dch sau phn ng = 2x[a + 3b.16 ]/160
2
Khi lng mui
s mol axit tham gia phn ng = s mol to mui + s mol to NO = 3 n Fe(NO3)3 +
3n NO
Bi tp minh ho :
Cu1. Nung m gam bt st trong oxi, thu c 3 gam hn hp cht rn X gm Fe ,
Fe2O3 FeO,Fe3O4 . Ho tan ht hn hp X trong dung dch HNO3 (d), thot ra 0,56 lt
( ktc) NO (l sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,62
B. 2,32
C. 2,52
D. 2,22
Cu2. t chy m gam st bi oxi thu c 5,04 gam hn hp A gm cc oxit st.
Ho tan hon ton A trong dd HNO 3 thu c 0,035 mol hn hp Y gm NO v NO 2 . T
khi hi ca Y i vi hiro l 19 .
m c gi tr :
A. 3,36 gam
B.3,92 gam
C.2,8 gam D.mt
kt qu khc .
Cu3. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 v Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung
dch HNO3 long (d), thu c 1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, ktc) v
dung dch X. C cn dung dch X thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 49,09
B. 34,36
C. 35,50
D. 38,72
Cu4 . Cho hn hp X gm Fe , FeO , Fe3O4 c khi lng 4,04 gam phn ng ht vi
dung dch HNO3 d thu c 336 mlNO (sp kh duy nht). S mol axit tham gia phn
ng l :
A. 0,06 mol
B. 0,0975 mol
C. 0,18 mol
D. 0,125 mol
Cu5. t 8,4 gam bt Fe kim loi trong oxi thu c 10,8 gam hn hp A cha Fe2O3 ,
Fe3O4 FeO v Fe d. Ho tan ht 10,8 gam A bng dd HNO3 long d thu c V lt NO
ktc (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr V l: A. 2,24 lt
B. 1,12 lt
C. 5,6 lt
D. 3,36 lt
Mt s bi tp tng t:
1, Cho m(g) hn hp gm A gm 1,08 Al va hn hp FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Fe. Tin hanh nhit nhm c
hn hp B. Nghin nh sau o chia B lam 3 phn bng nhau
Phn 1 cho vao HNO3 c nong, d c dung dich C va 0,448lit khi NO (ktc)
Phn 2 cho tc dng vi lng d NaOH thu c 0,224 lit H2 (ktc)
Phn 3 cho khi CO vao thu c 1,472g cht rn D .
Tinh m.?
2, Hoa tan hoan toan mt oxit FexOy bng dung dich H2SO4 c, nong thu c 2,24 lit SO2 (ktc), phn
dung dich c can c 120 gam mui khan. Xc inh cng thc cua oxit.
3, Nung x mol Fe trong khng khi mt thi gian thu c 16,08 gam hn hp H gm 4 cht rn,o la Fe va
3 oxit cua no. Hoa tan ht lng hn hp H trn bng dung dich HNO3 loang, thu c 672 ml khi NO duy
nht (ktc). Tri s cua x la?
4, 44,08 gam mt oxit st FexOy c hoa tan ht bng dung dich HNO3 loang, thu c dungdich A. Cho
dung dich NaOH d vao dung dich A, thu c kt tua. em nung lng kt tua nay nhit cao cho n
khi lng khng i, thu c mt oxit kim loai. Dng H2 kh ht lng oxit nay th thu c 31,92
gam cht rn la mt kim loai. Tm cng thc oxit?
5, m gam bt kim loai st ngoai khng khi mt thi gian, thu c 2,792 gam hn hp A gm st kim
loai va ba oxit cua no. Hoa tan tan ht hn hp A bng dung dich HNO3 loang, thu c mt mui st (III)
duy nht va co tao 380,8 ml khi NO duy nht thot ra (ktc). Tri s cua m la?
6, Hn hp A gm Fe va ba oxit cua no. Hoa tan ht m gam hn hp A bang dung dich HNO3loang, co 672
ml NO thot ra (ktc) va dung dich D. em c can dung dich D, thu c 50,82 gam
mt mui khan. Tri s cua m la?

7, Mt lng bt kim loai st khng bo qun tt a bi oxi hoa tao cc oxit. Hn hp A gm bt

st a bi oxi hoa gm Fe, FeO, Fe3O4 va Fe2O3. ti tao st, ngi ta dng hidro kh nhit cao.
kh ht 15,84 gam hn hp A nhm tao kim loai st th cn dng 0,22 mol H2. Nu cho 15,84 gam hn hp
A hoa tan ht trong dung dich H2SO4 m c, nong, th s thu c bao nhiu th tich khi SO2 iu kin
tiu chun ?
8, Hoa tan m(g) hn hp gm Fe va cc oxit cua Fe trong HNO3 d thu c 4,48l NO2 va 145,2 g mui
khan . Tinh m?
9, m gam phoi bao st (A) ngoai khng khi, sau mt thi gian bin thanh hn hp rn (B) co khi lng
13,6 gam. Cho B tc dng hoan toan vi dung dich axit sunphuric c nong thy gii phong ra 3,36 lit khi
duy nht SO2 (dktc). Tinh khi lng m cua A?
10, Cho 20 gam hn hp Fe, FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 hoa tan va ht trong 700 ml HCl 1M, thu c
3,36 lit H2 (ktc) va dung dich D.
Dng 6. giI bi ton tnh lng axitnitric ti thiu khi cho phn ng vi hn hp cc kim
loi
Bi ton t ra l : cho hn hp gm a mol Fe + b mol Cu . Tnh lng axit nitric ti
thiu ho tan ht hn hp trn bit sn phm kh l NO?
Cu1. Cho 11,36 gam hn hp FeO ,Fe , Fe 2O3 , Fe3O4 tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu
c 1,344 lt kh NO( sp kh duy nht) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a
14,72 gam C u . S mol HNO3 trong dung dch ban u l :

A.. 0,88 mol

B. 0,94 mol
C. 0,64 mol
D. 1,04 mol
Cu2: Cho a gam Fe3O4 tc dng vi 1 lng dich HNO3 sau phn 'ng thu c dung dich
X. Cho HCl d vo dung dich X th dung dich thu c ho tan ti a 17,28g Cu. Tfnh
a:
A.4,176 gam
B.3,712 g
C.4,64 gam
D.41,76
gam
Cu3. Th tch dung dch HNO3 1M long t nht cn dng ho tan hon ton
hn hp gm 0,15 mol Cu v 0,15 mol Fe ( bit rng sn phm kh duy nht NO)
A. 1,8lit
B.0,9 lit
C.1,2lit
D. 1,6 lit
Cu4. Ho tan hon ton 17,4 gam hn hp 3 kim loi Al, Fe, Mg trong dung dch HCl
d thy thot ra 13,44 lt kh .Nu ly 34,8 gam hn hp trn cho tc dng dng vi
CuSO4d , lc ton b cht rn sau phn ng ng vi dung dchHNO3 c nng thu
c V llit NO2. Gi tr ca V l :
A. 13,44 lit
B. 53,76 lit
C. 44,8lit
D. 26,88 lit
Cu 5: Hoa tan 0,1 mol Fe va 0,05 mol Fe 3O4 bng 500 ml dung dich H 2SO4 1M, sau phn ng thu c dung dich X.
Cho vao dung dich X mt lng d NaNO 3 th thu c dung dich Y. Khi lng Cu ti a co th bi hoa tan trong
dung dich Y ( bit phn ng chi tao ra khi NO duy nht) la:
A. 6,4 gam
B. 9,6 gam
C. 19,2 gam
D. 12,8 gam

Cu 6. Cho m gam Fe vo dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch A v 11, 2 lt kh NO

(ktc). Nh tip HCl 1M t t vo dung dch A cho n khi khng thy kh NO
thot ra na th dng ng 800 ml. Vy c cn dung dch A th khi lng mui
khan thu c l: (bit s c cn khng xy ra phn ng ha hcb). ( Cho Fe =
56, N =14, O = 16, H =1).
A. 169,4 gam
B. 229 gam
C. 132.2 gam
D. 126 gam.
Cu 7: Hoa tan ht m gam Fe bng 400 ml dung dich HNO 3 1M sau khi phn ng xy ra hoan toan thu c dung
dich cha 26,44 gam cht tan va khi NO ( Sn phm duy nht ). Nng ion Fe 3+ co trong dung dich la ( coi th tich
dung dich khng thay i trong qu trnh phn ng)
A. 0,3M
B. 0,05M
C. 0,2M
D. 0,25M

Cu 8: Cho a gam hn hp gm Cu v CuO vi t l khi lng l 2: 3 tc dng vi dung

dch HNO3 2M (d= 1,25g/ml) thu c 4, 48 lt kh NO ( 0 oC v 2 atm). Khi lng
ca HNO3 cn dng l:
( Cho Cu =64, O = 16, N = 14, H =1, O =16).

A. 1600gam
B. 1700 gam
C. 1800 gam
D. 1900
gam.
Cu 9. Ha tan 5, 04 gam hn hp gm Cu v Al bng dung dch HNO 3 c d thu c
hn hp kh X gm NO v N2O. T khi ca X i vi H2 bng 18, 5. Bit Cu
phn ng vi HNO3 cho NO , Al cho N2O. Khi lng Al trong hn hp l: (Cho Cu =
64, Al = 27, N = 14, O = 16, H =1).
A. 2,16gam
B. 2,88gam.
C. 1,512 gam
D. 1,89 gam
Cu1. Cho m gam hn hp gm FeS v FeS2vo mt bnh kn cha oxi (d). Nung
nng cho n khi pan ng hon ton thu oc kh X v cht rn R. Kh X hp th
hon ton trong Ba(OH)2 d xut hin 26,04 gam kt ta. ho tan ht R cn ti
thiu 120 ml dung dch HNO3 2M . Gi tr ca M l :
A. 13,76 gam
B. 8,32 gam
C. 4,48 gam
D. 4,96
gam
Cu2. Ho tan hon ton 9,75 gam Zn trong dung dch Axit nitric long, ton b lng
kh NO(sp kh duy nht) c oxi ho hon ton bi oxi thnh NO2 ri sc vo nc cng
dng kh oxi chuyn thnh axit nitric. Tng th tch kh oxi tham gia phn
ng l:
A. 3, 192 lt
B. 1,68 lit
C. 0, 56 lt
D. 1,12 lit
Cu3. Cho hn hp gm FeO ,CuO ,Fe3O4 s mol mi cht bng nhau cng tc dng vi
dung dch axit nitric thu c 0,09 mol NO2 v 0,05 mol NO . S mol ca mi cht l :
A.0,21
B.0,24
C.0,12
D.0.36
Cu5. So snh th tch kh trong 3 th nghim : khi cho cng mt lng Al ln lt vo
cc dung dch sau : dung dch NaOH d thy c V1 lt kh H2 thot ra , dung dch
KNO3 v KOH thy c V2 lt kh mi khai bay ra ; dung dch HNO3 thy c V3 lt kh
khng mu hI nh hn khng kh ( cc kh o cng iu kin nhit v p
sut)
A. V1 = V2 = V3
B. V1 <V2 <V3
C. V1 > V2 > V3
D. V1 V2 <V3
Cu6. m gam Fe ngoi khng kh, sau mt thi gian Fe b oxi ho thu c hn hp
X gim 4 cht rn c khi lng 27,2 gam. Ho tan hon ton X trong 300 ml dung
dch HCl aM thy thot ra 3,36 lt H2 v dung dch Y. Cho tip dung dch HNO3 ti d
vo dung dch Y thu c hn hp Z gm FeCl3 , Fe(NO3)3 , HNO3 d v 2,24 lt kh duy
nht thot ra. Gi tr ca A v m ln lt l :
A. 16,8 gam v 2M
B. 16,8 gam v 3M
C.22,4 garn v 2M
D.22,4 garn v 3M
Cu 7: Hoa tan hoan toan 11gam hn hp gm Fe va mt kim loai M co hoa tri khng i bng dung dich
HCl thu c 0,4 mol khi H2. Con khi hoa tan 11gam hn hp trn bng dung dich HNO 3 loang, d th thu
c 0,3 mol khi NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Kim loai M la :
A. Cr
B. Cu
C. Mn
D. Al
Cu 8: Hoa tan 0,3 mol Cu vao lng d dung dich loang cha hn hp gm NaNO3 va H2SO4 th :
A. phn ng khng xy ra.
B. phn ng xy ra tao 0,3 mol NO.
C. phn ng xy ra tao 0,2 mol NO
D.phn ng xy ra tao 0,6 mol NO2.
Cu 9: Cho 13,5 gam Al tc dng va u vi dd HNO 3, thot ra mt hn hp khi gm NO va N 2O co ti khi
hi so vi H2 bng 19,2. S mol NO trong hn hp bng :
A. 0,05 mol.
B. 0,10 mol.
C. 0,15 mol.
D. 0,20 mol.
Cu 10: A la hn hp kim loai Fe va Cu. Hoa tan m gam A vao dung dich HCl d (khng co khng khi) thu
c 3,36 lit khi (ktc). Cng hoa tan m gam nay vao dung dich HNO3 c, nong d, thu c 15,456 lit khi
mau nu (ktc). Khi lng m bng :
A. 20,88 gam.
B 16,08 gam.
C. 42,96 gam.
D.90,32 gam.
Cu 11: Hoa tan 3,8 gam hn hp C va S trong dung dich HNO 3 c nong, d thu c 19,04 lit hn hp
hai khi (ktc). Khi lng C trong hn hp ban u

A. 0,12 gam
B. 0,60 gam
C. 0,90 gam
D. 1,20 gam
Cu 12: Hoa tan 20,8 gam hn hp bt gm FeS, FeS 2, S bng dung dich HNO3 c nong d thu c
53,76 lit NO2 (sn phm kh duy nht, kc) va dung dich A. Cho dung dich A tc dng vi dung dich
NaOH d, lc ly toan b kt tua nung trong khng khi n khi lng khng i th khi lng cht rn
thu c la
A. 16 gam
B. 9 gam
C. 8,2 gam
D. 10,7 gam
Cu13 .Cho m gam hn hp FeO v FexOy tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 d thu c a
mol kh NO2. Cng cho m gam hn hp trn tc dng ht vi dung dch H 2SO4 c
nng d thu c b mol SO2. Quan h gia a v b l:
A. a = 2b
B. b = 2a.
C. a = 4b
D. a = b
Cu 14: Trn u 0,27 gam bt Al vi bt Fe 2O3 v CuO ri tin hnh phn ng
nhit nhm thu c hn hp X. Cho X tc dng ht vi HNO 3 c hn hp kh gm NO
v NO2 c t l mol tng ng 1 ; 3. Th tch kh NO v NO 2 (ktc) trong hn hp ln
lt l:
A. 0,336 lit v 0,112 lit. B. 0,112 lit v 0,336 lit. C. 3,36 lit v 1,12 lit. D. 1,12
lit v 3,36 lit
0,3M
B. 0,05M
C. 0,2M
D. 0,25M
Cu 15: Hoa tan ht m gam Fe bng 400 ml dung dich HNO 3 1M sau khi phn ng xy ra hoan toan thu
c dung dich cha 26,44 gam cht tan va khi NO ( Sn phm duy nht ). Nng ion Fe 3+ co trong dung
dich la ( coi th tich dung dich khng thay i trong qu trnh phn ng)
A. 0,3M

B. 0,05M

C. 0,2M

D. 0,25M