Image artifacts in

image restoration
CPM-20

CPM-30

CPM-50

CPM-70

CPM-100

Forward
Image

Restored by
same PSF
Restored
by 1um
defocused
PSF
SIEM restoration, Lens = 63x, 1.4NA, 515nm, oil immersion, without SA
Ref: Andrew R. Harvey et al. , Image artifacts in hybrid imaging with cubic phase mask, Optics Express -2010

Image artifacts in
image restoration
CPM-20

CPM-30

CPM-50

CPM-70

Forward
Image

Restored by
same PSF

Note: Here, forward image is cropped to the object size (256x256)

CPM-100

Experimental restoration
(from paper)
bf - 0.5um
CCA
restoration

= 5
(=550nm)

= 10
(=550nm)

bf

+infinity

Image artifacts in restoration

Key points from Andrew R. Harveys paper

Within extended depth, Magnitude of PSF (MTF) is almost same but Phase of PSF
(PTF) varies nonlinearly with defocus, and leads to image artifacts.

Mathematical expression/model developed for restored image artifacts.

Explained why artifacts occur but not shown how to remove it.

Although large value of gives more EDOF, a consideration of overall image quality
may favor small value of .

Modulation transfer function (MTF) along is not sufficient.

Note: Phase can be determined using PR algorithm/ AMA algorithm and

complex valued PSF may be used for restoration instead of intensity PSF.