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Yugoslavia as a Totalitarian State and its Role in the Cold War
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1/2011.

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L GUXJL 1DYRGL VH GD VX LQVWLWXFLMH X NRMLPD VX ELOL QD HOX VWDYLOL X VOXEX
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NRMHSRVOXMXVD%7RGRURYLHP

 $-3UHGVHGQLWYR6)5-IDVFInformacija o neprijateljskom delovanju usmereQRPQDSRGULYDQMHHNRQRPVNHRVQRYLFHGUXWYD6683GHFHPEDU

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1/2011.

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RVXHQMHXVORYQRQDGYHJRGLQH]DWYRUD8PHXYUHPHQX7RGRURYLMHQDSXVWLR
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6OXEHEH]EHGQRVWLLSULYUHGQDSUHGVWDYQLWYDXLQRVWUDQVWYX*ODYQLGRPHQELOL
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Reviews and Critiques


Conan Fischer,
Europe between democracy and dictatorship, 19001945,
Wiley-Blackwell, Malden (USA), Oxford (UK), Chichester (UK),
2011, 408 pages
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