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Panoramic: Radiographs: A Tool For Investigating Skeletal Pattern
Panoramic: Radiographs: A Tool For Investigating Skeletal Pattern
Abstract
TOP
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of enhancing the clinical versatility of
the panoramic radiograph, which is an indispensable tool for dental diagnosis. The material of this
study consisted of lateral cephalograms and panoramic radiographs obtained from 30 patients. A
correlation test was performed between the parametric measurements, and the predictability level
of the cephalometric measurements from panoramic radiograms was determined by using
regression equations. The equations showed that the Go-Gn/S-N, ANS-PNS/Go-Me (palatal
plane/mandibular plane), and Co-Go/Go-Me parameters could be predicted from panoramic
radiographs within statistically significant levels, and their predictability levels were 20.6%, 15.6%,
and 11.2%, respectively. Statistically significant correlations and predictability levels were also
determined for the cephalometric and corresponding panoramic parameters in which Frankfort
horizontal plane was used. It can be concluded that even though panoramic radiographs provide
information on the vertical dimensions of craniofacial structures, clinicians should be vigilant when
predicting skeletal cephalometric parameters from panoramic radiographs, because of their lower
predictability percentages. (Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:175-81)
One of the first methods to analyze panoramic radiographs was introduced by Levandoski in
1991, and, since then, only a few studies have been made on this subject. 9,10,13-15 Furthermore,
studies examining panoramic radiographs as a means of investigating skeletal patterns are
lacking in the orthodontic literature. Consequently, in the current study, orthopedic measurements
were taken from 30 panoramic radiographs to determine whether their usage could be extended
for evaluating craniofacial characteristics. In this respect, we hypothesized that panoramic
radiographs might provide corresponding information to that obtained from lateral cephalographs.
TOP
Lateral cephalometric and panoramic radiographs were obtained from 30 skeletal Class II, dental
Class II Division 1 patients (16 girls, mean age 11.7 1.7 years, range 9.5 to 14.8 years; 14 boys,
mean age 12.2 0.9 years, range 10.4 to 13.4 years). The subjects, all in the S period of
growth,16 were selected randomly from the orthodontic department archives at Ankara University.
Panoramic radiographs were taken under standard conditions using a cephalostat (Siemens,
Orthoceph 10, Munich, Germany) with the clinical Frankfort horizontal plane (FHP) and midfacial
planes corrected. The FHP was kept parallel to floor, while the midfacial plane was in a vertical
position.17 To eliminate any possible superimposition of the cervical vertebra's image on the teeth,
the subjects were required to move a step forward when in the cephalostat. For the
standardization of cephalographs, the FHP was oriented parallel to the floor, and the midfacial
plane was adjusted vertically to the floor. The landmarks and measurements are shown in
Figures 1 through 5.
Fig. 1. Cephalometric. landmarks: 1, sella (S); 2, nasion (N); 3,
orbitale (OR); 4, anterior nasal spine (ANS); 5, posterior nasal spine
(PNS); 6, A-point; 7, incisal edge of maxillary incisor (U1); 8, incisal
edge of mandibular incisor (L1); 9, distobuccal tubercule of
maxillary first molar (U6); 10, distobuccal tubercule of mandibular
first molar (L6); 11, gnathion (Gn); 12, menton (Me); 13, gonion
(Go); 14, meatus acusticus externus (Mae); 15, condylion (Co).
Reference planes: S-N; Mae-Or: Frankfort horizontal (FH); N-A; NB; ANS-PNS: palatal plane (PP); L6-L1; U6-U1; Go-Gn; Go-Me:
mandibular plane (MP); Co-Go.
To eliminate interexaminer variability, the same examiner carried out the tracing procedure, and
the measurements on the panoramic tracings were made for both the left and right sides to
overcome any magnification error.
The bite plate used in the panoramic radiographs altered the occlusion. Therefore, independent
reference planes were set up in the maxilla and the mandible on the panoramic images. FHP was
constructed between meatus acusticus externus (Mae) and orbital points, and a reference plane
was drawn between the intersection point of the ascending and descending tangents on the
mandibular canal (MC) and foramen mentale (FMe). Because the bite plate caused the mandible
to shift forward, the maxillary and mandibular parameters were measured independently, so that
the vertical and sagittal occlusal differences could not distort the measurements.
Statistical analysis
The same examiner repeated the tracing and digitizing of 10 randomly selected
orthopantomographs and 10 lateral cephalographs within 4 weeks. Then repeatability coefficients
were calculated for the initial and final measurements to test for intraobserver variability. The
Student t test was used to determine whether there was a statistical difference between male and
female subjects in the parameters measured.
The mean values and standard deviations of the parameters were calculated for the panoramic
radiographs and the lateral cephalographs. A paired t test was performed to determine whether
there were differences between the left and right measurements on the panoramic radiographs,
and a correlation test was performed on both sides to test the similarity between them.
The correlations between the mean values of the panoramic measurements and their
cephalometric correspondents were obtained. Regression equations were set for the significant
correlations. Thus, it was possible to calculate the significance level, percentage, and
predictability of the cephalometric data from the panoramic radiographs.
Results
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The repeatability coefficients were above 0.90 for all the parameters, confirming the reliability of
the measurements. The subjects had skeletal Class II Division 1 malocclusions (ANB, 6.62
0.33) and had favorable vertical growth patterns (Go-Gn/S-N, 33.85 0.82). There was no
statistically significant difference between male and female subjects (Table I).
Test
FH/ANS (mean, R + L)
.79
NS
OMAND (mean, R + L)
.96
NS
FH/UOP (mean, R + L)
.49
NS
FH/LOP (mean, R + L)
.37
NS
UOCCL
.84
NS
LOCCL
.48
NS
OCOND (mean, R + L)
1.00
NS
OMID (mean, R + L)
.19
NS
ANB
.61
NS
SNA
.45
NS
SNB
.59
NS
S-N/N-ANS
.18
NS
Co-Go/Go-Me.
.90
NS
ANS-PNS/Go-Me
.87
NS
FH-U1
.11
NS
FH/ANS-PNS
.78
NS
Gonial angle
.38
NS
Go-Gn/S-N
.35
NS
FH/U6-U1
.54
NS
FH/L6-L1
.76
NS
The correlation test for left and right measurements of the panoramic films showed high and
significant correlations, for both the maxilla and the mandible (P .001). An exception was the
relatively low correlation between the left and right condylar inclinations (OCONDR-OCONDL) (r
= 0.50, P .05). There was a considerable difference between each side, because the paired t
test also showed a mild difference merely for this parameter (P = .54). Also the finding was
relevant in the descriptive statistics, because the right condylar inclination was remarkably higher
compared with the left inclination (46.77 0.99 vs 44.98 0.78).
To summarize the results of the correlation test and the regression equations (Tables II and III):
There was a negative correlation between Go-Gn/S-N and the panoramic condylar
inclination (OCOND) (r = 0.45, P .01) (regression equation 1). ANS-PNS/Go-Me
(PP/MP) showed a negative correlation with OCOND (r = 0.39, P .05) (regression
equation 2). The correlation between cephalometric OCOND (Co-Go/Go-Me) and
panoramic gonial angle (OMAND) was weak but noteworthy (r = 0.34, P = .070).
Therefore, predicting the cephalometric condylar inclination by using OMAND had an
11.2% probability with a significance level of P = .070 (regression equation 3).
A significant correlation was noted between the cephalometric and panoramic FHP/upper
occlusal planes (UOP) (FH/U6-U1) (r = 0.62, P .001), and the regression equation was
significant between the measurements (P .001); this explains the 38.4% predictability of
cephalometric FH/U6-U1 from panoramic radiographs. On the other hand, the panoramic
FHP/lower occlusal plane (LOP) (FH/L6-L1) showed a significant correlation (r = 0.54, P
.01) with FH/U6-U1, and the regression analysis showed a lower significance (P .01)
with limited predictability (29.2%). According to these findings, it is possible to use both
FH/LOP and FH/UOP to predict cephalometric FH/U6-U1. There were statistically
significant correlations between FH/L6-L1 with FH/UOP and FH/LOP (r = 0.46, r = 0.53,
P .01), even though the predictability levels were remarkably low (r 2 = 20.7% and r2 =
27.9%). Significant correlations were determined between FH/U1 with FH/UOP and
FH/LOP (r = 0.46, r = 0.57, P .01), and the regression equations coincided with these
correlations, because, when using FH/LOP, the predictability of cephalometric FH/U1 was
as high as 32.8%, but it was only 21.3% when using FH/UOP.
.94
.41 .38
*
LOCCL (2)
.94
10
.37
11
12
13
14
16
17
.43
.37
.53*
FH/PP (3)
Co-Go/GoMe (4)
.41*
18
19
.38
15
.36*
.34?
.45
20
.41*
Gonial angle
(5)
.56
FH/U6-U1
(6)
.84
.84
SNA (8)
.49
.57
.62 .54
.39* .63
.67
.46 .53
.83
SNB (9)
.39
ANB (10)
.37* .43
Go-Gn/SN(11)
.36*
.42*
.
83
.47
.44
.
56
.49
.47 .44
.42*
.76
.45
N-S/ANS
(12)
PP/MP (13)
FH-UI (14)
.
49
.37*
.39*
.76
.57 .67
.42*
.46 .57
OMID (15)
.70 .58
OCOND (16)
.45
.39
.
93
.66
.38*
.66
.38*
.62 .46
.46
.
70
.54 .53
.57
.
58
.87
.
93
.61 .47
FH/ANS (20)
.87
.
61
.
47
Panoramic
constant
R2
RE 1
Go-Gn/S-N
OCOND
RE 2
ANS-PNS/Go-Me (PP/MP)
OCOND
RE 3
Co-Go/Go-Me
OMAND
11.2%
P
Constant
.000***
Predictor
.012*
Regressio
n
.012*
Constant
.000***
Predictor
.031*
Regressio
n
.031*
Constant
.257
Predictor
.070?
Regressio .070?
n
Discussion
TOP
The goal of this study was to enhance the panoramic radiograph's clinical use by determining its
potential for evaluating craniofacial specifications. Even though there are a number of published
articles on magnification and image distortion in panoramic radiographs,18-22 there are only a few
studies involving the use of panoramic radiographs in evaluating dentoskeletal specifications, and
they focus mainly on intercondylar asymmetries and gonial angle measurements. 6,10,14,20 To avoid
distortion and magnification of the images, we were careful to obtain a standard exposure and to
ensure proper patient posture. Maxillary and mandibular measurements were made
independently, because the bite plate separates the maxillary and mandibular teeth during the
panoramic exposure. Although the plates are necessary to eliminate the superposition of
corresponding teeth, they move the mandible forward and eliminate the overjet. Therefore,
independent measurements of the maxillary and mandibular parameters avoided possible
misinterpretations. Trp et al6 stated that vertical linear measurements on the condyle and the
ramus are not reliable for patients with macerated skulls. Likewise, Larheim and Svanaes 20
emphasized that horizontal measurements were unreliable. Therefore, only angular
measurements were made on the panoramic radiographs.
The most remarkable point in the descriptive analysis was the overwhelming difference between
left and right condylar measurements on panoramic radiographs. Although a relatively low
correlation was observed (P .05) between these measurements (OCONDR-OCONDL), the
paired t test showed a slight difference (P = .54). On the other hand, the panoramic alternative of
gonial angle (OMANDR-OMANDL) on the left and right sides was statistically insignificant, and
there was a high correlation coefficient between them (P .001). This leads us to question the
use of point Co on either cephalometric or panoramic measurements for the same gonial angle.
However, as a difference, points on the MC and the FMe were used on the panoramic
radiographs. So, we speculate that the reason for the different measurements might be due to
exogenous forces that affect the condyles but not the infrabony structures. Another possible
reason could be inconsistent determination of FMe because both parameters above use Co-MC
as the condylar plane. Even though this study did not aim to highlight the differences on both
sides of the intercondylar inclination with so much discordance in the statistical analysis, we paid
attention to the measurements of both condyles on the cephalographs.
The correlation analysis displays the highest correlations for the parameters including the FHP
(Table II ). Although the predictability of the cephalometric parameters from panoramic films was
not high in this study, the cephalometric methods using the FHP as the main reference plane (as
in McNamara analysis23) could be considered reliable. Our findings support this argument. The
predictability of the angular measurements between the stable cephalometric FHP and the
unstable occlusal plane, as seen in the panoramic radiographs, was remarkably high.
Nevertheless, considering the regression equations, it can also be seen that the predictability
levels are not high. For this reason, clinicians should be careful when predicting cephalometric
dentoskeletal measurements from panoramic radiographs.
The correlation between the cephalometric vertical angle (Go-Gn/S-N) and the OCOND (P .01)
and their regression equation was considerable. This suggests the possibility of predicting the
cephalometric parameter from panoramic condylar measurements because the level of prediction
was as high as 20.6% (P .05). However, just as the condylar parameters are questionable in
predicting cephalometric measurements, it is likely that using OCOND to evaluate vertical
dimensions of the face is unreliable. Nevertheless, even though the OCOND parameter indicates
condylar inclination, because the reference plane of this parameter is the MC whose position
depends on the vertical growth pattern of mandible, theoretically it supports the vertical growth
prediction criteria as well.24 This argument coincides with observations of Larheim and Svanaes 20
that focused on the gonial angle. Their findings on real panoramic images and macerated
mandibles indicate that the gonial angle measurements of both materials obtain similar results.
According to Bjrk's24,25 growth prediction criteria, and keeping the gonial angle in mind as a
significant parameter among these criteria, the current study showed consequential results
regarding the mandibular vertical pattern, involving the ANS-PNS/Go-Me and Co-Go/Go-Me
variables. Yet, from a clinical standpoint, it can be suggested that panoramic radiography is not
reliable enough to provide acceptably accurate additional information compared with that
obtained from lateral cephalograms.
Conclusions
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1. The FHP can be used reliably for dentoskeletal measurements performed on panoramic
radiographs.
2. Clinicians should always keep in mind that mandibular condyles can be asymmetric, so
that possibility must be considered when using panoramic radiographs.
3. With standard exposure conditions and high image quality, panoramic radiographs can
provide information on the vertical dimensions of craniofacial structures; however, they
are not reliable enough to give acceptably accurate additional information compared with
lateral cephalograms.
References
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1. Graber TM, Brainerd FS. Current orthodontic concepts and techniques. Philadelphia:
W. B. Saunders; 1985. p.45.
2. Friedland B. Clinical radiological issues in orthodontic practice. Semin Orthod
1998;4:64-78.
MEDLINE
4. Paulsen HU. Morphological changes of the TMJ condyles of 100 patients treated with
the Herbst appliance in the period of puberty to adulthood: a long-term radiographic
study. Eur J Orthod 1997;19:657-68.
MEDLINE
6. Trp JC, Vach W, Harbich K, Alt KW, Strub JR. Determining mandibular condyle and
ramus height with the help of an orthopantomograma valid method? J Oral Rehabil
1996;23:395-400.
MEDLINE
7. Habets LL, Bezuur JN, Van Ooij CP, Hansson TL. The orthopantomogram, an aid in
diagnosis of temporomandibular joint problems. 1. The factor of vertical magnification. J
Oral Rehabil 1987;14:475-80.
MEDLINE
8. Habets LL, Bezuur JN, Naeije M, Hansson TL. The orthopantomogram, an aid in
diagnosis of temporomandibular joint problems. 2. The vertical symmetry. J Oral Rehabil
1988;15:465-71.
MEDLINE
10. Piedra I. The Levandoski panoramic analysis in the diagnosis of facial and dental
asymmetries. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1995;20:15-21.
MEDLINE
12. Habets LL, Bezuur JN, Jimenez Lopez V, Hansson TL. The OPG: an aid in TMJ
diagnostics. III. A comparison between lateral tomography and dental rotational
panoramic radiography (orthopantomography). J Oral Rehabil 1989;16:401-6.
MEDLINE
13. Witzig JW, Spahl TJ. The clinical management of basic maxillofacial orthopedic
appliances. Vol 3. St Louis: Mosby Year Book; 1991. p. 416-28.
14. Kubota Y, Takenoshita Y, Takamori K, Kanamoto M, Shirasuna K. Levandoski
pantographic analysis in the diagnosis of hyperplasia of the coronoid process. Br J Oral
Maxillofac Surg 1999;37:409-11.
MEDLINE
CROSSREF
CROSSREF
19. Farman TT, Kelly MS, Farman AG. The OP 100 Digipan: evaluation of the image
layer, magnification factors, and dosimetry. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol
Endod 1997;83:281-7.
MEDLINE
22. Oktay H. The relation between image magnification of orthopantomograph and facial
index. Ataturk Univ Dis Hek Derg 1987;2:25-30.
23. McNamara JA Jr. A method of cephalometric evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial
Orthop 1984;86:449-69.
24. Bjrk A, Skieller V. Normales und anomales des unterkiefers. Inf Kieferorthop
1984;1:55-110.
25. Bjrk A, Skieller V. Normal and abnormal growth of the mandible: a synthesis of
longitudinal cephalometric implant studies over a period of 25 years. Eur J Orthod
1983;5:1-46.
El Artculo original
Las radiografas panormicas: Una herramienta por investigar el modelo de esqueleto
M. Okan Akcam, DDS, PhDa [MEDLINE LOOKUP]
Tunc Altiok, DDS, PhDa [MEDLINE LOOKUP]
Erhan Ozdiler, DDS, PhDb [MEDLINE LOOKUP]
Ankara, Turqua,
Las secciones
El lo abstracto
El material y Mtodos
Los resultados
La discusin
Las conclusiones
Las referencias
Publicando y Reimprime la Informacin
el artculo Anterior en el Problema
el Prximo artculo en el Problema
View la versin de la impresin (PDF)
Drug los eslabones del DrugConsult de Mosby
la informacin Gentica de OMIM
La CIMA abstracta
El objetivo de este estudio era investigar la posibilidad de reforzar la versatilidad clnica
de la radiografa panormica que es una herramienta indispensable para el diagnstico
dental. El material de este estudio consisti en cephalograms laterales y radiografas de la
panormica obtenidos de 30 pacientes. Una prueba de la correlacin se realiz entre las
medidas paramtricas, y la previsibilidad nivela de las medidas del cephalometric de los
radiogramas panormicos era determinado usando las ecuaciones de regresin. Las
ecuaciones mostraron que el Ir-Gn/S-N, ANS-PNS/Go-yo (los plane/mandibular palatales
allanan), y Co-Go/Go-yo podran predecirse los parmetros de las radiografas de la
panormica dentro de estadsticamente niveles significantes, y sus niveles de
previsibilidad eran 20.6%, 15.6%, y 11.2%, respectivamente. Estadsticamente las
correlaciones significantes y niveles de previsibilidad tambin eran determinados para los
cephalometric y los parmetros panormicos correspondientes en que Frankfort que el
avin horizontal fue usado. Puede concluirse que aunque las radiografas panormicas
proporcionan la informacin sobre las dimensiones verticales de estructuras del
craniofacial, mdicos deben ser vigilantes al predecir los parmetros del cephalometric de
esqueletos de las radiografas de la panormica, debido a sus ms bajo porcentajes de
previsibilidad. (Es J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2003;123:175-81)
Uno de los primeros mtodos para analizar las radiografas panormicas fue introducido
por Levandoski en 1991, y, desde entonces, slo unos estudios han sido hecho en este
subject.9,10,13-15 Furthermore, estudios a las radiografas de la panormica
examinadoras como un medios de investigar los modelos de esqueletos est les faltando
en la literatura ortodntica. Por consiguiente, en el estudio actual, se tomaron las medidas
ortopdicas de 30 radiografas panormicas para determinar si su uso pudiera extenderse
por evaluar las caractersticas del craniofacial. En este respeto, nosotros supusimos esa
panormica radiografa podra proporcionar la informacin correspondiente a eso
obtenido del cephalographs lateral.
El material y CIMA de los mtodos
Se obtuvieron cephalometric laterales y radiografas de la panormica de 30 Clase de
esqueleto II, la Clase dental II Divisin 1 pacientes (16 muchachas, la edad mala 11.7
1.7 aos, vaya 9.5 a 14.8 aos; 14 muchachos, la edad mala 12.2 0.9 aos, vaya 10.4 a
13.4 aos). Los asuntos, todos en el S el perodo de growth,16 est al azar seleccionado
de los archivos del departamento ortodnticos en la Universidad de Ankara.
Se tomaron las radiografas panormicas bajo condiciones normales que usan un
cephalostat (Siemens, Orthoceph 10, Munich, Alemania) con el Frankfort clnico el avin
horizontal (FHP) y los aviones del midfacial corrigieron. El FHP se guard paralelo
enlosar, mientras el avin del midfacial estaba en un position.17 vertical eliminar
cualquier posible superimposition de la imagen de la vrtebra cervical en los dientes, los
asuntos fueron exigidos mover un paso delantero cuando en el cephalostat. Para la
estandarizacin de cephalographs, el FHP era orientado paralelo al suelo, y el avin del
midfacial era verticalmente ajustado al suelo. Se muestran los hitos y medidas en Figuras
1 a travs de 5.
Fig. 1. Cephalometric. los hitos: 1, sella (S); 2, nasion (N); 3, orbitale (OREGN); 4, la
espina nasal anterior (ANS); 5, la espina nasal posterior (PNS); 6, el Un-punto,; 7, los
incisal afilan de incisivo maxilar (U1); 8, los incisal afilan de incisivo mandibular (L1); 9,
tubercule del distobuccal de maxilar primero el molar (U6); 10, tubercule del distobuccal
de mandibular primero el molar (L6); 11, gnathion (Gn); 12, menton (yo); 13, gonion
(Va); 14, externus de acusticus de meatus (Mae); 15, condylion (Co). los aviones de la
Referencia: S-N; Mae-o: Frankfort horizontal (FH); N-UN; N-B; ANS-PNS: el avin
palatal (PP); L6-L1; U6-U1; Ir-Gn; Ir-yo: el avin mandibular (MP); Co-vaya.
Haga clic en la Imagen para ver el tamao lleno
Fig. 2. los Cephalometric referencia aviones. Las medidas angulares: UN, 1, ANB,; 2,
SNA,; 3, SNB,; 4, S-N/N-ANS; 5, Co-Go/Go-yo: el ngulo de inclinacin de condylar; 6,
ANS-PNS/Go-yo (PP/MP); 7, FH/U1; 8, FH/ANS-PNS. B, 9, el ngulo del gonial,; 10,
ir-Gn/S-N; 11, FH/U6-U1: el ngulo entre FH y los aviones del occlusal maxilares; 12,
FH/L6-L1: el ngulo entre FH y los aviones del occlusal mandibulares.
Haga clic en la Imagen para ver el tamao lleno
Fig. 3. los Hitos: 1, o; 2, Mae,; 3, Co,; 4. ANS; 5, yo,; 6, mentale del foramen (FMe); 7, el
canal mandibular (el MAESTRO DE CEREMONIAS) (el perpendicular para bajar
frontera de MAESTRO DE CEREMONIAS de la interseccin de baja y las tangentes del
canal superiores) es considerado un structure25 del infrabony estable; 8, U6,; 9, L6,; 10,
punto de reunin de incisivo mandibulares (L1); 11, punto de reunin de incisivo
maxilares (U1).
Haga clic en la Imagen para ver el tamao lleno
Fig. 4. los aviones de la Referencia: 1, Mae-o: FH; 2, los condylar allanan (el Co-maestro
de ceremonias); 3, avin del MAESTRO DE CEREMONIAS (Maestro de ceremoniasFMe); 4, lnea del cuerpo (maestro de ceremonias-yo).
Haga clic en la Imagen para ver el tamao lleno
La CIMA de la discusin
La meta de este estudio era reforzar el uso clnico de la radiografa panormica
determinando su potencial por evaluar las especificaciones del craniofacial. Aunque hay
varios artculos publicados en la amplificacin y distorsin de la imagen en el
radiographs,18-22 panormico que hay slo unos estudios que involucran el uso de
radiografas panormicas evaluando las especificaciones del dentoskeletal, y ellos
enfocan principalmente en las asimetras del intercondylar y gonial
measurements.6,10,14,20 angular para evitar la distorsin y amplificacin de las
imgenes, nosotros tuvimos el cuidado para obtener una exposicin normal y asegurar la
postura paciente apropiada. Las medidas maxilares y mandibulares eran
independientemente hecho, porque el plato de la mordedura separa los dientes maxilares
y mandibulares durante la exposicin panormica. Aunque los platos son necesarios
eliminar el superposition de dientes correspondientes, ellos mueven la mandbula
delantero y eliminan el overjet. Por consiguiente, las medidas independientes de los
parmetros maxilares y mandibulares evitaron el posible misinterpretations. Los Trp et
al6 declararon ese medidas lineales verticales en el cndilo y los ramus no son fiables
para los pacientes con los crneos macerados. Igualmente, Larheim y Svanaes20 dieron
nfasis a que ese medidas horizontales eran inestables. Por consiguiente, slo medidas
angulares eran hecho en las radiografas panormicas.
El punto ms notable en el anlisis descriptivo era la diferencia aplastante entre la
izquierda y las medidas del condylar correctas en las radiografas de la panormica.
Aunque una correlacin relativamente baja fue observada (P .05) entre estas medidas
(OCONDR-OCONDL), la prueba del t apareada mostr una diferencia ligera (el P = .54).
por otro lado, la alternativa panormica de ngulo del gonial (OMANDR-OMANDL) en
la izquierda y los lados del derecho eran estadsticamente insignificantes, y haba un
coeficiente de correlacin alto entre ellos (P .001). Esto nos lleva cuestionar el uso de
punto Co en cephalometric o medidas de la panormica para el mismo ngulo del gonial.
Sin embargo, como una diferencia, puntos en el MAESTRO DE CEREMONIAS y los
FMe se usaron en las radiografas panormicas. As que, nosotros especulamos que la
razn para las medidas diferentes podra ser debida a fuerzas exgenas que afectan los
cndilos pero no las estructuras del infrabony. Otra posible razn podra ser
determinacin incoherente de FMe porque ambos parmetros sobre el Co-maestro de
ceremonias del uso como el avin del condylar. Aunque este estudio no apunt para
resaltar las diferencias en ambos lados de la inclinacin del intercondylar con el tanto
discordance en el anlisis estadstico, nosotros prestamos la atencin a las medidas de
ambos cndilos en el cephalographs.
El anlisis de la correlacin despliega las correlaciones ms altas para los parmetros
incluso el FHP (la Mesa II). Aunque la previsibilidad de los parmetros del cephalometric
de las pelculas de la panormica no era alta en este estudio, los mtodos del
cephalometric que usan el FHP como el avin de la referencia principal (como en el
analysis23 de McNamara) podra ser considerado fiable. Nuestros resultados apoyan este
argumento. La previsibilidad de las medidas angulares entre el cephalometric estable
FHP y los occlusal inestables allanan, como visto en las radiografas panormicas, era
notablemente alto. No obstante, considerado las ecuaciones de regresin, puede verse
tambin que los niveles de previsibilidad no son altos. Por esta razn, mdicos deben
tener el cuidado al predecir las medidas de dentoskeletal de cephalometric de las
radiografas de la panormica.
La correlacin entre el cephalometric el ngulo vertical (Ir-Gn/S-N) y el OCOND (P .01)
y su ecuacin de regresin era considerable. Esto hace pensar en la posibilidad de
predecir el parmetro del cephalometric de las medidas del condylar panormicas porque
el nivel de prediccin era tan alto como 20.6% (P .05). Sin embargo, as como los
parmetros del condylar son cuestionables prediciendo las medidas del cephalometric, es
probable que usando OCOND para evaluar dimensiones verticales de la cara es inestable.
No obstante, aunque el parmetro de OCOND indica la inclinacin del condylar, porque
el avin de la referencia de este parmetro es el MAESTRO DE CEREMONIAS cuya
posicin depende del modelo de crecimiento vertical de mandbula, tericamente apoya
el criterio de prediccin de crecimiento vertical como well.24 que Este argumento
coincide con las observaciones de Larheim y Svanaes20 que enfocaron en el ngulo del
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1984;1:55-110.
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