Data Analysis Lab

ME 288
Fall 2009
L6 b

GD & T
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing
Standard ANSI Y14.5-1994
GD &T Symbology (descriptive adjectives)
How is the part used?
How does it mate to another part?

Rule #1:
Where only a tolerance of size is
specified, the limits of size of an
individual feature prescribe the extent of
which variations in its geometric form,
as well as size, are allowed.
ANSI Y14.5 1994

A cylinder can have a variety of shapes yet stay within

the limits of size.

Max

Max

Min

(A)

Max

Min

(B)

Min

(C)

The rectangular prism can vary in shape as long as it

stays inside the volume of the limits of size.
22
20
18
16

16
14
11
9

9
7
7
(A)

(B)

A ring gage and plug gage are used to check the

geometric form of a pin and hole.
8.0
7.8

7.8 LMC along

entire length
of dowel

16.0
15.8
Ring gage
8.0 MMC
(A) Checking geometric form with ring gage
7.0
6.8

7.0
LMC

Plug gage

6.8
MMC

(B) Checking geometric form with plug gage

Degrees of freedom allow movement in two directions

along each axis and rotation about each axis.

+Z
-X
-Y

+Y
+X
-Z

Datum features X and Y establish a coplanar datum.

X

Y
.08 X-Y
A) This drawing

Simulated
coplanar
datum X-Y
Datum
feature X

B) Means this

Datum
feature Y

Two additional examples of feature control frames

modifying a parts geometry.
Numeric tolerance
Diameter symbol
Geometric tolerance
(perpendicularity)
0.08
Numeric tolerance
Geometric tolerance
(flatness)
(A)

0.05
Modifier
Datum
(B)

Geometric characteristic symbols are categorized in two

ways.
Geometric Characteristic Symbols
Symbol

Type of
tolerance

Description

Flatness
Circularity

Form

Straightness

Profile line
Profile surface
Angularity
Perpendicularity
Parallelism
Position
Concentricity
Symmetry

*
*

Runout Circular
Runout Total

* Either filled or unfilled

Runout Location Orientation Profile

Cylindricity

Individual
features
Individual or
related
features

Related
features

GD&T geometric characteristic symbols illustrated.

0.6h
2h

Straightness

1.5h h
Concentricity

1.5h
Parallelism

1.5h
Circularity

1.5h
h
Flatness

1.5h M

0.8h

Modifier

Flatness of a surface has a tolerance zone formed by

two parallel planes separated by the tolerance value.
0.3
14.6
14.0
(A) This drawing

Parallel planes 0.3 apart

14.0 14.6
(B) Means this

The entire area of the part slides over the dial indicator
which is poking through the inspection table.

Part being inspected

slides on table

Dial indicator
Inspection
table in
section

A surface is called out to be flat within 0.2.

0.2

(A) flatness callout

Flatness is checked by leveling the surface with

adjustable jacks and inspecting with a dial indicator.

Dial indicator
Inspected
surface

Adjustable
jacks

A specific area is checked for flatness using basic

dimensions, callout, and phantom lined hatched area.
0.08

18
12
8
20