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120712ChE128 6 Absorption Stripping
120712ChE128 6 Absorption Stripping
extracting liquid
chemical absorption: the desired component reacts with the
extracting liquid
H2, CO
H2NCH2CH2OH
(MEA)
N2 + CO2
MEA + CO2
heat
exchanger
stripper
absorber
MEA + CO2
N2
MEA
Labeling streams
Vn
yn
xn, yn:
Vn:
Ln:
Ln
xn
H
E
T
HETP
nth stage
Vn+1
yn+1
Ln-1
xn-1
liq), V and L
yA
moles A in gas stream y A
YA =
=
=
moles B in gas stream y B 1- y A
moles A moles B moles A
YAG =
=
in gas stream
moles B
time
time
XA =
x
moles A in liquid stream xA
=
= A
moles C in liquid stream xB 1- xA
X AS =
=
in liquid stream
moles C
time
time
G, Y1
stage 1
CMB:
stage j
G, Yj+1
S, Xj
S, XN
X0
2
3
(X0,Y1)
N=3
(XN,YN+1)
To find minimum stripping gas flow rate (Gmin):
1. Plot X0 on VLE line (watch for earlier pinch point, if VLE is curved).
2. Calculate Gmin = S / (S/G)max
Rule-of-thumb:
(S/G)opt 0.7 (S/G)max
VLE
op. line
(X4, Y4)
X4
(X , Y )
3 4
XN
X3
XN
XN - X3
fractional stage
=
requirement
X 4 - X3
G, Y1
stage 1
G, Yk
CMB:
S, Xk-1
slope = S/G
stage k
S, XN
(XN,YN+1)
(X0,Y1)
YN+1
2
N=3
Yi = yi / (1 - yi) yi
Xi = xi / (1 - xi) xi
S/G L/V
xA,0
xD,0
yA,1
yD,1
Separation of A requires N = 3.
1
(xA,N,yA,N+1)
N
yA,N+1
yD,N+1
xA,N
xD,N
(xA,0,yA,1)
(xD,0,yD,1)
3
3
x
Probably a good idea to use a different graph for each component
Irreversible absorption
Add reagent R to solvent. R reacts essentially irreversibly with
solute A to form non-volatile products
R + A(g) RA(l)
e.g., NaOH + H2S(g) Na2S + H2O
Equilibrium lies far to the right:
Equation of the VLE line:
xA 0
yA = 0
and
yA 0
B
y1 = 0
yN+1
N
A+B
yN+1
C + RA
xN = 0
(x0,y1)
(x1,y1)
VLE
x (A + RA)
C+R
x0 = 0
B
y1 0
yN+1
N
A+B
yN+1
A + RA
xN = 0
3
2
(x0,y1) 1
EMV = 0.25
VLE
x (A + RA)
Co-current cascade
can use higher vapor velocity to increase mass transfer rate
can use smaller diameter column without risk of flooding
generally used for irreversible absorption
Specify y0, x0 = 0, xN, yN = 0
V, y0
L, x0
(x0,y0)
V, yj
L, xj
Vy 0 + Lx0 = Vy j + Lx j
y=-
V, yN
L, xN
L
L
x + y 0 + x0
V
V
(x1,y1) VLE
x (A + RA)
y = mx
where yB = PB/Ptotal
Analytical solution, when both VLE and op. line are straight
change in vapor composition between
adjacent stages:
(x2,y3)
(y)2
(x1,y2)
(x2,y2)
(y)1 = y2 - y1
(x0,y1)
(x1,y1)
( Dy )
= y j +1 - y j
CMB:
L
L
y j +1 = x j + y1 - x0
V
V
VLE:
y j = mx j
N=
x0 - xN
( V)
xN - L
-1
y N+1
( Dy )
( )
Dy
( )
Dy
( )
- Dy
j +1
y j = mx j
L
yj
L L
L
= - m + y1 - x0 =
-1 y + y - x
V mV j 1 V 0
V
m
L
=
1
y
+
y
mV j +1 1 V x0
j +1
=
- 1 y j +1 - y j =
- 1 Dy
mV
mV
( )
Dy
L
=
mV Dy
j +1
( )
( )
( )
= A Dy
( )(
) ( )
1- AN
y N+1 - y1 = Dy 1 + Dy 2 + Dy 3 + Dy 4 + ... = Dy 1 1+ A + A + A + ... = Dy 1
1- A
Kremser equation:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
y N+1 - y1
( Dy )
y N+1 - y N
( )
A Dy
1- AN
=
1- A
y N+1 - y1 A - AN+1
=
y1 - y 0
1- A
where y0 = mx0
y N+1 - y1 A - AN+1
=
y1 - y 0
1- A
xN - xN+1
1- S
=
x0 - xN+1 1- S (N+1)
where
and
solve for N:
y - y0
-1
ln 1- A-1 N+1
+
A
y
y
1
0
N=
ln A
N=
ln 1- S -1
x -x
-1
0
N+1
+ S
xN - x N+1
lnS
y N+1 - y 0
-1
-1
ln 1- A
+A
y
y
1
0
N=-
ln 1+ EMV A-1 - 1