TNG QUAN V QU TRNH SN XUT POLYPROPYLEN

Chng I: Tng quan v qu trnh cng ngh

I.1 Gii thiu v Polypropylen
Polypropylen hnh thnh t qu trnh trng hp (Polymer ha) phi tr vi s c mt ca
xc tc Ziegler Natta. Polypropylen c a ra th trng ln u tin vo nm 1957
bi cng ty Montecatini, Italia. Ngay sau , n c sn xut hng lot ti chu u, M
v Nht. Theo dng thi gian pht trin cng sut v cht lng Polypropylene thng mi
ngy cng c ci thin.
Polypropylen c cc c tnh sau:
- Tnh bn c hc cao (bn x v bn ko t), kh cng vng, khng mm do nh
PE, khng b ko gin di do c ch to thnh si. c bit kh nng b x rch
d dng khi c mt vt ct hoc mt vt thng nh.
- Trong sut, bng b mt cao cho kh nng in n cao, nt in r.
- PP khng mu khng mi, khng v, khng c. PP chy sng vi ngn la mu
xanh nht, c dng chy do, c mi chy gn ging mi cao su.
- Chu c nhit cao hn 100oC. Tuy nhin nhit hn dn m (thn) bao b PP
(140oC) cao so vi PE nn c th gy chy h hng mng ghp cu trc bn ngoi,
nn thng t dng PP lm lp trong cng.
- C tnh cht chng thm O2, hi nc, du m v cc kh khc.
Phn loi Polypropylen
Polypropylen l mt loi nha nhit do c sn xut bi qu trnh polimer ha
propylene. C nhng tnh cht nhit, vt l, ha hc nh mong mun khi s dng nhit
phng.
Trong cng nghip ngi ta chia Polypropylen thnh cc h ln vi cc tn gi nh sau:
- HomoPolypropylen (Polypropylen ng th), l kt qu ca qu trnh polymer ha
ch duy nht monomer l Propylen. L loi c s dng rng ri nht trong cc loi
sn phm ca PP. N c sn xut t nhng thit b phn ng khc nhau c s dng
xc tc lin kt cc monomer li vi nhau thnh dng c cu trc khng gian c
nh. HomoPolypropylen l mt h hai pha, v n cha c vng kt tinh c v
vng khng kt tinh c (v nh hnh). Vng khng c kh nng kt tinh bao gm

c isotactic PP v atactic PP. Isotactic. PP c kh nng kt tinh chm trong vng v

nh hnh. HPP c mng tinh th t dy n mng c th hin qua im chy ca
n.
- Random CoPolypropylen (Polypropylen ng trng hp) (RCP) l kt qu ca qu
trnh ng polymer ha monomer Propylen vi cc monomer khc. Thng dung
dch kt hp comonomer Ethylene vi t l thp (7 %). a s Copolymer c cu to
khng iu ha, trong mch phn t ca chng c cc mt xch c s (monomer A v
B) khc nhau sp xp mt cch hn n v khng th tch ra cc on mch lp i
lp li mt cch tun hon. ng trng hp c cc ng dng ln trong thc t v n
cho php thay i tnh cht ca cc hp cht cao phn t trong mt gii hn rng.
ng trng hp c s dng rng ri trong cng nghip cao su tng hp. Cc
polymer c cu to khng gian c sn xut trong dy chuyn cc thit b phn ng
ni tip, thit b phn ng th nht l homopolymer v thit b th hai l
copolymer.
- A A A A B A B B A-
- Copolypropylen block (Polypropylen ng trng hp khi): Khc vi cc copolymer
thng thng, trong i phn t ca chng cc n v monomer ring bit lun phin
nhau v sp xp khng theo mt trt t trong mch.
- A A A A B B B B B A A-
Cu trc phn t ca Polypropylen
Polypropylene l mt hp cht cao phn t c cng thc ha hc chung l:

Ba loi cu trc lp th ca polypropylene l atactic polypropylene, syndiotactic

polypropylene, isotactic polypropylene.
- Isotactic polypropylene: C cc nhm - CH3 cng nm v mt pha mt phng trong
cu hnh ng phn quang hc, dng tinh th. C tnh cht l khng tan c trong
heptan si v c nhit im chy khong 165oC

- Atactic polypropylene: C cc nhm - CH3 sp xp ngu nhin khng theo mt quy

lut no, v nh hnh v kt dnh tt.

- Syndiotactic Polypropylene: C cc nhm CH3 sp xp lun phin trt t c hai

na mt phng.

ng dng ca Polypropylen:
- To thnh si, dt thnh bao b ng lng thc, ng cc c s lng ln.
- Dng lm bao b mt lp cha ng bo qun thc phm, khng yu cu chng oxy
ha mt cch nghim ngt.
- PP cng c sn xut dng mng ph ngoi i vi mng nhiu lp tng tnh
chng thm kh, hi nc, to kh nng in n cao, v d x rch m bao b (do c to
sn mt vt t) v to bng cao cho bao b.

I.2 Cng ngh sn xut Polypropylen

I.2.1 Nguyn liu
Propylen (tn thng thng), c tn quc t l Propen l mt hydrocacbon khng
no, thuc h alken.
- Cng thc phn t: C3H6
- Cng thc cu to:

L ngun nguyn liu chnh sn xut Polypropylene.

PTP:

n (C3H6)

Cc ngun thu nhn Propylene chnh:

Ngun nguyn liu chnh sn xut Polypropylene l Propylene. Sn xut Propylene l
lnh vc sn xut quy m ln, c mc tng trng nhanh. Propylene l nguyn liu cho
nhiu sn phm ha du quan trng nhng cho n nay n vn c coi l sn phm ph
hoc sn phm ng hnh ca cc nh my lc du (NMLD) v cc nh my sn xut
Ethylene.
V c bn, ton b lng Propylene s dng cho cng nghip ha cht u c sn xut
t cc NMLD (cracking xc tc) hoc l ng sn phm ca Ethylene trong cc nh my
cracking bng hi nc. Ngoi ra, cn nhng lng Propylene tng i nh c sn
xut bng cc phng php khc nh: Tch Hyrogen khi Propane, phn ng trao i
Etylene Butene, chuyn ho t Methanol (MeOH - UOP/Hydro MTO hay Lurgi MTP).
Trong mt bo co th trng ca tp ch Nghin cu th trng cng nghip ho cht th
gii thng 11-2003, th sn lng Propylene ca th gii khong 72 triu tn trong :
61% t cracking bng hi nc (t l Propylene:Ethylene l 3,5:10 n 6,5:10); 36% t
NMLD; 3% cc qu trnh cn li.

Cc ngun thu nhn Propylene

I.2.2 Cng ngh sn xut

C nhiu cng ngh sn xut Polypropylen trn th gii, nhng y ta s dng cng
ngh HYPOL-II.
Cng ngh Hypol ca MITSUI c nh hng sn xut PP c bit, trong bao gm
copolymer c nn cao. Chui l phn ng a chc nng c vn u t cao hn cc l
phn ng n gin khc.

S cng ngh HYPOL-II sn xut Polypropylen

Cng ngh HYPOL-II gm nhng khu vc chnh sau:
- Khu vc chun b nguyn liu:
Propylen cp polymer (99.6% khi lng) c bm t b cha trung gian vo khu vc
chun b nguyn liu. Trong khu vc ny, propylen c lm kh qua lp ry phn t
loi nc v c x l bng xc tc kh vt COS. Vic x l ny l cn thit do xc tc
polymer ho rt nhy cm vi mt s tp cht trong nguyn liu.
ng xc tc (TEAL nng cao, khong 100%) v cht bin tnh cha trong bnh cha
ca nh cung cp c np vo cc thng cha v c ong nh lng vo b phn hot
ho xc tc.
Xc tc Ti-Mg rn HY-HS (hiu sut cao- chn la cao) th h 4 ng trong cc thng
cha t kho ho phm c dn n khu vc chun b xc tc v cn ong. Xc tc Ti-Mg
rn s c phn tn trong hn hp du khong v m nhn (cht lm c) v c ong
inh lng vo b phn hot ho xc tc.
Du khong c x t cc thng cha vo thng du nguyn liu. T thng ny, du
khong c dng ra v loi kh ng ng dn TEAL v c dng cho b c v

bc v my khuy. Du khong t b ny c a n b phn cn ong v chun b xc

tc.
M nhn t cc thng cha cng c a vo b ni trn v c cung cp cho b phn
o lng v chun b xc tc.
Ph gia kh hot tnh xc tc v kh kh khi du ra c cho vo hai thng cha
nguyn liu. T thng cha th nht ph gia c a n thp ra propylen thp p v
thit b tip nhn du bo ho (rich oil) v t thng cha th hai ph gia c a ti ng
c bo n dng x bn PP trong propylen t l phn ng sang thit b tch cao p.
- Khu vc polymer ha:
Trong b phn hot ho xc tc, xc tc phn tn trong du v m c pha trn vi cht
ng xc tc v cht bin tnh v sau c pha trn thm vi mt lng nh propylen
lng thc hin qu trnh polymer ho s b trong l phn ng dng vng.
Qu trnh polymer ho din ra trong pha lng hai l phn ng dng vng ni tip nhau.
Cc thit b phn ng c cng th tch v vn hnh cng iu kin nh sau:
p sut:

khong 4.5 MPa

Nhit :

800C

Thi gian lu:

khong 1,5 gi

Bm trc vt c lp t y l phn ng. Bm tun hon hn hp phn ng to iu

kin phn b nhit c u khp chiu di ca l phn ng.
Nhit ca l phn ng c gii phng bng nc kh khong tun hon trong v bc ca
l.
Kh cha hydro c a vo thit b thu hi hydro (hm lng ti 99,5% th tch) v
c nn trc khi dn vo ng cung cp propylen ti u vo ca l phn ng.
Propylen lng t thng cha propylen v hydro c a vo c hai l phn ng. Mt
phn propylen s b ho hi u vo ca l khng ch p sut trong thng n nh
dng (surge drum). Thng c tc dng lm y cc l phn ng v trnh dao ng p sut
trong l.

Hn hp t khu vc hot ha xc tc c bm vo dng propylen v ch c dn vo l

phn ng th nht.
Bn polymer t l phn ng th nht c a trc tip vo l phn ng th hai hon
thin qu trnh polymer ho. Bn PP t l phn ng th hai c x ra qua ng ng bo
n n thit b tch cao p tch polymer ra khi propylen tun hon.
- Kh kh v thu hi propylene
Thit b tch cao p dng tch polymer ra khi propylen tun hon.
Polymer t thit b tch c a n b phn lc loi kh, sau c x l bng hi
nc. Ph gia n nh ho c bm vo polymer trc khi x l bng hi nc.
Kh thot t nh ca thit b lc c a vo thp ra, ti du ra loi b nhng ht
mn khi kh tun hon. Ph gia c bit s c b sung vo du loi b vt TEAL.
Khi b bo ho polymer, du ra s c thay th bng du mi. Du c c bm ra
ngoi thu hi.
Kh thot ra t thit b ra c nn v trn vi kh x t thit b tch cao p v a ti
thp thu hi propylen. Hi i ra t nh thp c ngng t v tun hon li thp vi vai
tr dng hi lu. Propylen sau khi thu hi c thu gom vo thng cha, thng ny cng
l ni nhn propylen tinh khit. Propylen t thng cha ny c a vo cc thit b phn
ng polymer ho. Phn y ca thp thu hi propylen c a n thit b lc polymer
qua ng ng bo n.
- X l bng hi nc v sy kh polymer
Nh trng lc, polymer thot khi thit b lc, sau c dn n khu vc x l polymer
bng hi, ti , xc tc cn st li b kh hot tnh v cc hydrocacbon cn li cng c
loi trc tip bng hi nc. Hn hp hi v kh c a n thit b sc nc.
Nc ngng t v hydrocacbon do hi nc li cun c a n thit b tch. Phn lng
t thit b tch c hi lu li thp sc. Pha hi v kh kt hp vi monomer nh ca
thp sc c dn ti my nn. Pha hi v kh c lm lnh i ra khi my nn hoc
c dn ti uc t hoc c tun hon li qu trnh cng ngh sau khi xy kh. Cht
lng hu c c tch t thit b nn (cc oligome) c x ra cc thng cha.

Polymer t t b phn x l bng hi noc c xy kh bi Nit sau c. Polymer

kh c dn n cc sil (sil) bng h thng vn chuyn Nit kn.
Nit t t khu vc xy kh polymer s c ra v lm lnh trong thp sc, sau c
dn tr li khu vc xy kh bng qut gi v l gia nhit s b.
Nc c a vo thp sc ra Nit. Nc ngng t v vt polymer c x t y
ca thp sc n b thu gom nc thi.
- Qu trnh n p, to ht, ng nht ho v lu gi
Polymer t sil c cn ong v a n thit b pha trn. Cc ph gia lng v rn cng
c o lng v a vo thit b pha trn mt cch lin tc. PP v cc ph gia t thit b
pha trn c a vo my n p. Khi cn, cc ph gia nng chy cng c a vo
my n p.
Trong my n p, polymer v cc ph gia c ng nht ho, to gel v lc.
Qu trnh to ht c thc hin my to ht di nc. Cc ht c a n thit b
phn tch nh nc tun hon (nc kh khong) v sau a ti thit b lm kh.
Cc ht kh theo trng lc i ti thit b phn loi. Cc ht polymer t tiu chun c
a ti trng nguyn liu, tip theo ti qu trnh ng nht ho v sil bng dng khng
kh. Cc ht khng t tiu chun c tp trung trong container.
Nc tch ra t polymer c tp trung trong phuy cha v tun hon qua thit b lm
lnh tr li thit b to ht.
Qu trnh ng nht ho polymer v cha trong sil nhm to ra cc m polymer ng
th. Cc qu trnh ny c vai tr l qu trnh m gia giai on sn xut v ng gi.
Dung tch b cha c th lu tr sn phm trong vng ti a 5 ngy.

Chng II. C s ca qu trnh ti u ha