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Pump Efficiency For Single Stage Centrifugal Pumps
Pump Efficiency For Single Stage Centrifugal Pumps
1000
Head (m)
Figure 1:
Range coverage at
best-efficiency
duties at 2900 rpm.
ESCC
ESOB
DESC
200 kW
96 kW
100
ESOB
DESC
23 kW
ESCC
1.4 kW
2.5 kW
10
10
100
10000
1000
3
Flow (m /h)
1000
Head (m)
Figure 2:
Range coverage at
best-efficiency
duties at 1450 rpm.
ESCC
ESOB
DESC
680 kW
100
DESC
20 kW
67 kW
ESCC
ESOB
10
10
2
7.4 kW
1.2 kW
100
1000
Flow (m3/h)
10000
75
70
40
35
65
30
60
25
55
50
15
90m
70m
45
35
30
20
Head
130m
110m
10
50m
40m
30m
20m
40
50
5
20m
60
70
80
0
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Pump flow (m3/h)
90
50
Optimum efficiency selections
85
80
45
40
Efficient selections
75
35
Lower efficiency selections
70
30
65
25
60
20
Head
55
Figure 4:
Efficiencies of end
suction pumps with
their own bearings
at 1450 rpm.
15
50m
Efficiency correction = C
45
Efficiency correction = C
80
40
Figure 3:
Efficiencies of end
suction pumps with
their own bearings
at 2900 rpm.
50
85
40m
50
45
40
20
30m
15m
10m
20m
15m
10m
60
10
5
100
140
180
220
260
300
340
380
0
3
85
60
Optimum efficiency selections
80
75
55
50
Efficient selections
70
45
Lower efficiency selections
65
40
60
35
55
30
50
25
Head
45
20
130m
110m
90m
40
35
15
20m
70m
10
50m
40m
30m
20m
30
Efficiency correction = C
Figure 5:
Efficiencies of end
suction close
coupled pumps at
2900 rpm.
0
25
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Pump flow (m3/h)
90
50
85
45
Optimum efficiency selections
80
40
75
35
Efficient selections
70
30
Lower efficiency selections
Head
65
25
50m
60
20
40m
30m
55
15
25m
50
20m
10
15m
45
40
30
4
10m
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
0
100
Efficiency correction = C
Figure 6:
Efficiencies of end
suction close
coupled pumps at
1450 rpm.
Worked example:
Chosen pump type:
Chosen duty for maximum efficiency:
Quoted pump performance:
Action:
85
45
80
Efficient selections
40
75
35
Lower efficiency selections
70
30
65
25
60
20
Head
55
15
150m
130m
110m
50
10
90m
45
70m
50m
40
130
150
Efficiency correction = C
Figure 7:
Efficiencies of
double entry axially
split casing pumps
at 2900 rpm.
50
90
170
190
210
230
250
270
290
310
330
350
370
390
95
Optimum efficiency selections
85
45
40
Efficient selections
80
35
Lower efficiency selections
75
30
70
25
Head
140m
120m
100m
65
80m
20
15m
60
20m
15
60m
55
40m
50m
Efficiency correction = C
90
Figure 8:
Efficiencies of
double entry axially
split casing pumps
at 1450 rpm.
30m
10
40m
50
30m
20m
45
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0
900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500
Correction of efficiency
for pump head
Correction C, as shown on Figs 3 to 8, is
based on pump flow, head and speed. It is
actually a correction for pump Specific Speed.
Pumps of relatively low head and high flow
(high Specific Speed) or high head and low
flow (low Specific Speed) lose efficiency due to
unavoidable secondary hydraulic losses. Within
Ref 2 there is a curve to allow efficiency
correction for Specific Speed. This is actually
the correction proposed by Anderson (Ref 3).
Alternative curves to correct for Specific Speed
can be derived from Ref 4 and Ref 5.
None of these curves appear to provide an
optimum correction for the published
manufacturers data analysed for this Guide.
We have therefore chosen to use an
intermediate Specific Speed correction curve,
which produces the minimum scatter of the
points plotted. There is no strict theoretical
justification for this approach but we believe
that it serves well for the purpose for which
this Guide is intended. (Further information
can be found in Ref 6.)
Basic principles of
choosing a pump
The fundamentals of pump selection are
covered in Appendix 3 of Ref 6, together with
notes on the basics of centrifugal pump
characteristics, reducing impeller diameter,
reducing speed, and the effect of wear.
Hydraulic Institute
Fig 1A (Ref 2).
Anderson
Fig 7.3 (Ref 3).
Theoretically attainable
(EUROPUMP) - Using Figs 7 to 10 of Ref 4
(Ref 5).
References
1. Evaluation of efficiency values considering the
effect of pump size modularity, Stoffel, B.,
Ludwig, G., and Meschkat, S., Technical
University of Darmstadt, 2002.
2. Efficiency prediction method for centrifugal
pumps, Hydraulic Institute, 1994.
3. Centrifugal pumps and allied machinery,
Anderson, H.H., Elsevier Advanced
Technology, 1994.
4. Attainable efficiencies of volute casing
pumps, Europump Guide No. 2, 1999.
95
Figure 9:
Comparison of
efficiencies of end
suction pumps from
various sources.
Theoretically attainable
Pump efficiency at optimum Specific Speed (%)
90
85
Maximum practically
attainable
Hydraulic Institute
Large Pumps
80
75
70 Anderson
Catalogue mean
65
Hydraulic Institute
ANSI/API
60
55
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200
Pump flow (m3/h)
CETIM (France)
NESA (Denmark)
EUROPUMP (membership)