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Mt vi c im v My tnh AMD
* Cc Cng ngh ni bt ca AMD
* Gii thch tc h thng v tc thc ca CPU AMD
* Hng ti CPU AMD 64bit
* AMD - Intel cuc chin cha kt thc
* Overclock - p xung , nhng iu cn bit :
* Ram my tnh ,nhng iu cn bit
* B x l AMD - r v hiu qu
ngoakilong
Jul 14 2006, 08:54 AM
QUOTE(giganetvn @ Jul 7 2006, 11:15 AM)
Rt cm n bn johan!
Nhng sao mnh nghe ni l SATA th dng tt hn ATA, tc nhanh hn, mnh xem
qua bng so snh gia ATA v SATA th thy SATA hn hn v tc cng nh gn
nh.
VGA 256 th mnh chn hi cao (Vista th ch cn 128), cng v cng vic.
Nu dng b x l AMD th dng loi no, vi mainboard no v main trn th ch
"Support CPU for Intel Pentium4/PentiumD"
Mnh khng bit nhiu v phn cng, ch xem ti liu thi nn cng khng chc. Mong
johan v cc bn ch dm!
Mnh rt cm n
Thc mc v AMD th hy c.
Mt vi c im v My tnh AMD
Cng ngh Vt tri ca AMD
giao tip vi memory v chipset thng qua HyperTransport bus (HTT) vi bng thng
cc ln v c m c 2 chiu khng cn tr ln nhau (full-duplex). Gip hn ch hin
tng tht c chai (bottle-neck) to iu kin cho b x l tn dng khng gian trng
b nh hiu qu hn.ng dng cng ngh HyperTransport trong kin trc h thng nhm
vo cc li ch sau:
- Tng cng ng k rng di bng tn so vi cc ng dng khc
- Thi gian ch thc thi ch lnh ngn, gim thiu mi hn ch i vi xung nhp b x l
- X l giao thc dng biu kin i vi h iu hnh, khng to xung t trn cc trnh
iu khin thit b ngoi vi.
- Ch song cng hon ton (full-duplex) cho php thc thi qua knh d liu vic
truyn-nhn cng lc.
FSB: HyperTransport 1600MHz (full-duplex) cho AMD socket 754
FSB: HyperTransport 2000MHz (full-duplex) cho AMD socket 939
2. Cng ngh tnh ton 64-bit (AMD64):
Chy tt cho H iu hnh (HH) 32-bit hin nay v sn sng tng thch cho HH 64bit trong tng lai.Cu trc nn ca AMD64 c thit k tng thch v thc thi
hiu qu khng nhng i vi cc ng dng 32-bit m k c cc ch 64-bit ang ngy
cng ph bin. Yu cu pht trin cng ngh 64-bit pht xut t cc ng dng i hi cc
ch thc thi cao, mt khng gian ln cho a ch vt l ln a ch d liu o. Thng
thng, dng my chy chng trnh 32-bit lun b gii hn trong khng gian a ch b
nh ti a l 4GB; cn cc HH 32-bit cng ch c kh nng nh a ch vng nh cha
qu 2GB. Ni cch khc, hiu sut hot ng ca cc b x l ny ch t 50% so vi cu
trc thc t. Nhng bc tin ca AMD trong lnh vc 64-bit to iu kin cho ngi
s dng c c hi chuyn dn t kin trc 32-bit thn quen nhng hn hp, sang nn
64-bit mi l, rng m i vi c h thng phn cng ln phn mm, nhm hng n
mt mi trng in ton c kh nng p ng mi yu cu h tr mnh trong nhiu ng
dng, hnh thnh phn lp h thng a b x l, m rng khng gian a ch b nh, tng
cng hiu nng video, audio, thit k 3D cng vi nng lc tnh ton tht chnh xc.
Microsoft chnh thc cho ra i HH Windows 64-bit cho th trng my ch v my
bn. Ring cc nh pht trin HH Linux, Solaris cng h tr 64-bit thng qua cc
HH 64-bit ca h nhm gip b x l thc thi trit tc 64-bit.
3. B iu khin b nh (Memory control):
Tch hp lun vo trong nhn ca CPU (core) nn cho d bus b nh cao n my th
CPU u p ng c. ng thi gip gim ng k tr ca d liu do khng phi
truyn t CPU qua chipset cu Bc v ngc li, gip vt b nt tht d liu v gia
tng bng thng gia CPU vi b nh RAM.
Single-DDR cho AMD socket 754
Dual-DDR cho AMD socket 939
4. Cng ngh CoolnQuiet:
Trc y, vic tng cng hiu nng b x l lun ng ngha vi vic gia tng in
nng tiu hao v ting n. Cng ngh CoolnQuiet ca AMD qua kim nghim thc t
t ra hiu dng trong vic gim thiu ti a mc tiu th in nng, gip h thng
chy tht m mt khi thc thi cc chui lnh, ng thi gii nhit hiu qu, to nn mt
mi trng lm vic tht yn tnh, thng thong
5. Phng chng virus (Enhanced Virus Protection):
c kch hot khi s dng HH Windows XP SP2 tr ln, t ng ngn nga hin
tng trn b m (buffer overflow) khi b Virus tn cng.
6. Tch hp tm tn nhit trn CPU (Intergrated Heat Spreader):
Bo v an ton cho CPU, trnh hin tng m core trc y ca dng CPU AMD, tng
tnh gii nhit hn cho CPU v c mt tip xc ln vi b tn nhit.
7. Cc cng ngh khc:
- Hiu nng: ni ti AMD l phi ni ti hiu nng, ng nhn vo xung m hy nhn vo
tn ca sn phm, n ni ln tt c. VD: AMD Athlon64 3000+ tuy xung tht ch c
1.8GHz, nhng hiu nng ca n l tng ng b x l 3.0GHz, du + biu th s vt
tri hn v cng ngh. y l mt im xut sc ca AMD, ch vi xung l 1.8GHz m
hiu nng t hn mt b x l 3.0GHz, nh vy nhit lng s ta ra t hn, t tiu
th in hn (m hiu nng vn cao), hn na c th ngh xem nu ko c xung ln
cao (overclock) khong 2.5GHz th hiu nng ca b x l ny s t n...
4.0GHz~4.2GHz
- Oveclock: hu ht cc dng sn phm ca AMD u c sn xut da trn nn 90namometer SOI, nn rt mt, t tiu hao nhit nng, v u l nhng mn qu tng ca
AMD cho gii Overclockers. Vi mt mainboard chin cng vi h thng tn nhit
hiu qu th kh nng p xung ca AMD l rt tuyt vi, hn c nhng g bn mong i
- Gii nhit: nu nh trc y im yu nht ca AMD l vn gii nhit, th hin nay
bn vic dn u v cng ngh nh cao-hiu nng tuyt vi, AMD cng dn u lun v
kh nng gii nhit. Cng ngh SOI a AMD bc hn ln so vi cc i th v vn
ny. Cho d lun hot ng cng sut cao nht, cho d iu kin mi trng hot
ng c khc nghit n u, AMD vn lun mt m. Hin cc b x l ca AMD lun
c nh gi l mt nht khi so vi cc b vi x l ca cc hng khc.
- Thc t dng AMD, khng nhng chi ph thp hn 30% so vi dng cc b x l tng
ng ca cc hng khc, m cn c hiu nng vt tri hn, nht l trong cc ng
dng ha, 3D... v c bit l games v overclock.
Gii Thch Tc h thng v Tc Thc ca CPU AMD
Tc h thng v tc thc ca CPU
Nhng nh sn xut ln thng c nhng chiu tip th tinh vi, bng cch s dng nhng
t chuyn mn kh hiu khin ngi dng d b 'ri lon'. Hn bn cng tng bi ri v
hiu nng thc s ca CPU. Mi b x l u c mt tc nht nh, gi l tc CPU
hay tc li (core speed). Vo lc vit bi ny, CPU nhanh nht ca Intel chy tc
3,2GHz v ca AMD l 2,2GHz. Tuy nhin bn cn nh rng tc ca h thng khng
th ch nhn vo s MHz, GHz ca CPU, c bit i vi 2 h CPU khc nhau. AMD
thng tn CPU theo tc benchmark tng ng vi CPU ca Intel, v d AthlonXP
3200+.
Ngoi tc bn thn, CPU cng cn phi lin lc vi cc thnh phn bn ngoi v bus
h thng hay cn gi l Front Side Bus (FSB) s m nhn cng vic ny. Ch c b x
l Athlon64 s dng giao thc HyperTransport l c cch thc lin lc hi khc. Tc
cao hng Gigahertz ch thc s hiu qu khong cch ngn, ni cch khc, nu khong
cch qu xa, v d nh n chipset th tc s b gim nhng thng khng qu
200MHz, do cc nh sn xut lun tm cch ci thin con ng ny.
Nu , bn s thy CPU s dng nhng cng ngh bus khc nhau, trong khi Intel
Pentium 4 dng Quad Data Rate th AMD Athlon s dng Double Data Rate. Hiu mt
cch n gin th i vi b x l Athlon v RAM DDR th d liu c truyn i trong
c 2 chu k dn tn hiu ln v xung. i vi DDR th tc vt l 200MHz s em li
bng thng nh l 400MHz i vi SDR, l l do ti sao AMD lun qung co FSB
400MHz cn Intel l 800MHz.
Thc t tc CPU l mt h qu ca bus h thng, v d Pentium 4 3,2GHz c ngha n
c h s nhn 16 v tc bus 200MHz v nh vy 3200MHz c tnh theo cng thc
16x200=3200.
2. Ngi bn mi Athlon64:
Mi c ra mt cch y khng lu nhng hiu nng vt tri ca Athlon64 nhanh
chng c bit n. AMD cho bit h s s dng Athlon64 dng my ph thng.
Trong thng 9/2003 ch c loi 3200+ 1MB cache c gii thiu d hiu nng rt hp
dn nhng mc gi hi cao khin cho nhiu ngi cn ngn ngi. Ngay sau AMD
Athlon64 3000+ c gii thiu vi 512K cache c gi hp l hn mc d c xc nh
Performance Rating thp hn nhng chng c cng tc thc 2GHz.
Mt trong nhng im mnh ca AMD l vic hiu nng s dng b nh tng r rt do
c cache L2 ln hn v mch iu khin b nh c tch hp thng vo CPU; cho php
CPU lin lc trc tip vi b nh chnh v mch iu khin b nh hot ng tc
ca CPU.
Hin trn th trng, gi ca Athlon64 , mt CPU 3000+ c gi khong170 USD trong
khi tnh nng h tr 64 bit ca n vn cha thc s c ch i vi dng my bn, kh
nng nh v b nh ln hn 4GB l cha cn thit. Hin ti mt my tnh bn cm
khong 1GB RAM c th coi l hi tha thi; hn na cng nhiu module b nh cm
vo th tc hot ng ca chng s cng gim. Mt thanh DDR400 ch c th hot
ng ng 400MHz nu ch mt mnh n c cm vo main. Thm vo l nhng
ng dng 64 bit hu nh cha c. C bn nht l h iu hnh vn cha sn sng, hin ti
vi nn tng Windows th ch c Windows 2003 Server 64 bit l h tr x l 64 bit
nhng y l h iu hnh mng rt t tin v rc ri. Windows XP 64 bit Edition cho
th trng vn phng v gia nh vn cn trong giai on th nghim Beta. i vi
nhng ng dng 32 bit, hiu nng ci thin khng ln, ch yu l do nhng ci tin v
cache v tc bng thng. u im tiu th t in v c mch x l tch hp c th
khin Athlon64 s c gi tr hn trong th trng tnh ton di ng. Hin ti mt s thnh
vin ca VOZ Forum (www.vozforums.com) c may mn c s dng loi CPU
ny, bn cng c th c thm bi 'M rng chn tri 64' trong s ny.
****
Mc tiu chnh tip theo ca th trng CPU l thit k a li, cho php t hai b vi x
l hoc nhiu hn trn mt chip CPU.
Opteron ca AMD l b x l ca hm nay v ngy mai. Khng nh cc CPU loi 64Bit
khc. Opteron c th chy cc phn mm 32bit thng dng hin nay, hn na cc phn
mm 64bit s rt pht trin trong nay mai. th h u tin, tc ca Opteron 64bit
snh ngang vi IBM Power, HP Alpha v Intel Itanium 2 theo nh gi ca System
Performance Evaluation and Transaction Processing Performance CAouncil.
Opteron c trn th trng cho loi my ch 2 v 4 BXL. IBM ngay lp tc a ra
cam kt s h tr BXL ny vi bn beta ca CSDL DB2 64bit, ng thi ha hn mt th
trng my ch trn c s BXL Opteron, i u vi BXL Xeon v Itanium 2 ca Intel.
B I/O nhanh v giao tip b nh gip Opteron khc phc nhc im v tc cache
chm
1. Bus I/O Hypertransport to ra ng truy cp tc cao ti b nh, ngoi vi v cc
BXL khc trn cng h thng Hypertransport cng gip tng tc truy cp ti b nh
bn ngoi.
2. B nh tch hp v b iu khin bus cho php gim tr thng tin n cc thnh
phn bn ngoi.
3. Opteron tha hng cache L1 128Kb t Athlon XP, nhng li c cache L2 gp 4 ln,
ti 1MB.
4. Giao tip i trn chip v kin trc NUMA gip tng tc truy cp n b nh chnh.
Palomino: y l chip Athlon XP i u tuy hiu nng cao nhng chy rt nng do
vn dng cng ngh 0,18 micron v b kha h s nhn. Tuy vn c cch m kha nhng
rt nguy him v c th gy hng chip.
T-bred A: Athlon XP i th 2, s dng cng ngh 0,13 micron chy mt hn nhiu, c
th so snh vi Pentium 4 Northwood, c bit l h s nhn khng b kha.
T-bred B: Athlon XP i th 3, cu trc tng t loi A nhng c mt s ci tin nn
c kh nng chy xung nhp cao hn nhiu. V d T-Bred B 1700+ xung thc l
1433Mhz (11x133) c th chy n nh tc 2400Mhz (khong 3200+) (200x12).
Barton: Athlon XP mi nht vi L2 cache 5120KB v FSB 333/400Mhz, hin ti loi
thng dng nht 2500+ vi xung thc l 1833Mhz; loi ny cha c bn VN. Barton
ch c th hot ng hon ton n nh vi mt s loi MB mi nh Abit NF7-S hay mt
s dng MB dng chipset NF2 khc, i khi bn cng cn phi cp nht BIOS.
Tt nhin c th nhn thy dng T-bred B l ngi sao i vi ngi dng AMD v rt d
mua, tuy nhin cng ging Intel, bn cn chn loi c code l 0308 hay 0307 i vi loi
1700+ th tt hn. Cc dng cao hn nh 2100+ hay 2400+ gi kh cao m hiu nng
khng ci thin nhiu ng thi gii hn p xung cng khng cao hn m li kh tm
mua.
Mainboard cho AMD tuy kh tm nhng hin bn c th mua c nhng loi tt nht
VN nh: Abit NF7-S, Epox 8RDA+, Asus A7N8X, Soltek 75FRN2-S/SL, tt c u
dng chipset nForce2 ca nVidia. Cc MB nh Asus K7V8X hay Abit KD7, dng
chipset ca VIA Technologies cng tt nhng c. Theo mt s kin th chipset
nForce2 ca nVidia vi stepping C1 l tt nht, tuy nhin chn c ng loi th ch
c th do may mn, bn c th mt n loi Abit NF7-S phin bn 2.0 l mt trong s
t cc MB dng chipset C1 m ngi mua c th nhn bit.
Ngoi th trng c bn kh nhiu chip T-bred 1700+ m theo nh sn xut l c h
xung (downgrade) t dng 2700+. Nhng chip ny khng t cc php kim tra i vi
chip 2700+ (khng chy n nh 2700+) nn b gim tc v bn ra di dng 1700+,
trong khi nhng loi 1700+ bnh thng li d dng chy 2700+ hay thm ch cao hn.
3. RAM
Khi FSB tng th bus RAM cng s tng theo, v d khi FSB l 400Mhz th RAM cng
chy 400Mhz. Cc loi MB mi gn y cho php chnh h s t l gia FSB v RAM,
h s 1:1 c th h xung 3:4, 2:3 bus RAM chy tc thp hn. Ngoi tc
RAM bn cn phi n tr CAS ca RAM, cng thp cng tt, thng l 2.0 i
vi cc loi RAM hng hiu v tt. i a s cc loi RAM trn th trng VN l CAS
2.5 hay t hn l CAS 3.0. nhn bit c im ny bn cng p dng cch tng t
nh CPU. V d thanh Kingston 512MB DDR333 c seri@l: KVR333X64C25/512 th
C25 chnh l CAS ca RAM.
Bng mch (PCB) ca card ha cao cp nh GeForce4 Ti hay 9700 Pro thng c t 8
lp tr ln nhm tng tnh n nh ngun in cp cho cc thnh phn ca vid. Cc hng
sn xut cung cp card mn hnh cng rt phong ph gip cho bn c nhiu chn la. Ni
chung hu ht cc hng sn xut MB tn tui u cung cp c card mn hnh nh MSI,
Asus, Gigabyte, Abit, Albatron... ngoi ra cng c nhng hng chuyn sn xut card mn
hnh nh Sparkle, Palit, Hercules, Gainward, Leadtek, HIS, Sapphire... V ti c th cho
bn mt vi gi nh:
Nhn chung, nu nhm vo nhu cu s dng bnh thng th hu nh loi no cng p
ng c, tuy nhin cn phng mt s nhi hng cao cp bt u xut hin trn
th trng. Khi mua card mn hnh bn cn xc nh r mt vi iu. Nu l dn OC
chuyn nghip th a phn s mua card c tn nhit d tho v c bn mch ln c th
tho lp v thay i cc linh kin d dng. Nu bn l 'amateur' hay 'semi-pro' (nghip
d) th s chn nhng loi tn nhit 'hm h' nh Abit Siluro OTES hay Albatron Medusa
Series vi tn nhit ng v chng lm mt rt tt nhng li kh tho lp. Card c nh
gi cao trn th trng th gii hin ti l Hercules nhng gi thng rt t v hu nh
60 C.
6. B ngun:
M S T CHUYN MN
ng s dng nhng phn CPU rnh ri thc hin cc chui tnh ton nhm lm cho
CPU lun hot ng trong trng thi bn rn (100% usage) trong khi bn vn c th thc
hin nhng cng vic thng nht nh xem phim, son vn bn thm ch chi game. i
vi SuperPI th ngc li: Mt khi c kch hot, chng trnh s thc hin nhng php
tnh rt ln ti hng t con s bt ton b h thng lm vic ht cng sut nhm tm ra
nhng im bt n nh. Nu h thng ca bn c th chu c qu trnh ny t 4-8
ting th c th xem nh n n nh v c th dng chy hng ngy cn nu khng
may gp li th hy gim tc xung mt cht hay tng thm cht t Vcore (in th
nhn CPU) ri th li.
Nhn tin ni ti Vcore (in th nhn CPU) ti cng xin nu mt vi iu: Khi bn tng
tc chip th n s yu cu thm in th c th chy n nh. Vic tng in th ln
qu cao c th gy chy chip nhng hin ti vic ny rt kh xy ra do tt c cc loi MB
u c h thng an ton, tuy nhin nu Vcore cao c th lm chip b qu nng dn ti
mt n nh. Bn c th tm ra nhng con s an ton nht i vi h thng ca mnh theo
quy trnh sau:
1. y CPU ln ht mc cho n khi bt u mt n nh.
2. Tng Vcore ln 1 mc (thng qua BIOS hay jumper trn MB).
Lp li bc 1 v bc 2 cho n khi nhit vt qu gii hn cho php (thng l 6870 C) th tng cng gii php lm mt ri tip tc lp li nh trn. Ni chung trong
iu kin kh hu VN cng nh cc gii php tn nhit hin c th bn khng nn y
Vcore qu 1,85v i vi P4-Northwood v 2,1v i vi AMD T-Bred.
khong 150% l nm trong tm tay. Hin nhng h thng chy khong 200% khng
cn l chuyn him.