Coefficient of friction, Rolling resistance and Aerodynamics
D Coefficient of friction for many material combinations
D Coefficient of friction in bearings
D Coefficient of friction in screw joints
D Rolling resistance
D Air resistance, aerodynamics
Coefficient of friction for a range of material combinations.
combination Static Dynamic
ary lubricated dry lubricated
steel-stee! 05.06 0.15 04.0.6 0.15
copper-steel : - 05.08 0.15
steel-cast iron 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.05
‘cast iron - cast iron 0.25 0.15 02 0.15
friction material - steel : - 05.06 = -
steelice 0.03 - 0.015 -
steel-wood 0506 04 0205 0.05
wood-wood 0406 0.15..0.2 0.2.0.4 0.15
leather-metal 06 0.2 0.2...0.25 0.12
rubber-metal 1 - 05
plastic-metal 0,25...0.4 = 0.1...0.3 0.04.0.
plastic-plastic 0304 - 02.04 0.04.01
‘The coefficient of friction between two materials in relative sliding may depend on
contact pressure, surface roughness of the relative harder contact surface,
temperature, sliding velocity and the type of lubricant whether the level of
contamination. It's the reason that the data found in the many reference tables
available may show a large variation.
Ul www.engineeringtoolbox. conv/friction-coefficients-d_778.html
| ntto:www.carbidedepot.com/formulas-frictioncoefficient. htm
UU http://www. engineershandbook.com/Tables/frictioncoefficients.htm
U htto:www.roymech.co.uk/Useful_Tables/Tribology/co_of_frict.htm
U http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2005/steel.shtml
U httpitiwww.diracdelta.co.uk/science/sourcelffrfriction/source.himl
hit: /nl.wikibooks. org/wiki/Fysica/Dynamica
U http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Physics_Study_Guide/Frictional_Coefficients
Uhttp:/encarta.msn.comimedia_461544499/Table_of_Friction_Coefficients. html
Coefficient of friction in bearings
Coefficient of friction []
Slide bearing, hydrodynamic 0.003...0.04
Slide bearing, sinter bronze, oil lubricated 0.04,..0.07
Slide bearings, solid bronze, grease lub 0.07...0.12
Polymer slide bearing, polyamide, dry 0.2...0.3
Polymer bearing, composite, dry 0.05...0.15
Bali bearings 0.001...0.0015
Roller bearings 0.0018
Needle bearings 0.0045
Air bearings, pressurized 00
Hydrostatic bearings 0.001.,.0.002, ref viscous shearing
Coefficient of friction in screw joints
lubricated lubricated dy dyoiled MoS2 Zn-plating RVS
0.12,,.0.18 0.08...0.12 0.12...0.18 0,3...0.8
screw lubricants / friction >>
Rolling resistance
CH
Steel wheel on rail 0.0002...0.0010
Car tire on road 0.010...0.035
Car tire energy safe 0.006...0.009
Tube 22mm, 8 bar 0.002
Race tyre 23 mm, 7 bar 0.003
Touring 32 mm, 5 bar 0.005
‘Tyre with leak protection 37 mm, § bar / 3 bar 0.007 / 0.01
Calculator rolling resistance >>
Air resistance
Cw Agim] Ap Cy [m?]
Modem car 025.035 18 0.54
MPV 0.4.0.5 3 1.36
Truck 07 6 42
Formula 1 0.75 16 1.20
Nuna Solar Car 0.07 086 = 0.06
Sports plane 0.12 5 0.60
Card 0.8 1 0.80
Grand pa bike 14 a6 0.66
Racing bike 09 035 0.31
Horizontal bicycle 0.8 0.25 0.20
aerodynamic bicycle 04.015 025 0.07
Ball 05 mR? 0.$n1R?
Half sphere 04 TR? 0.4nR?
Half sphere 13 mR? 4.3n1R?
Flat circular disc 14 mR? 1.4m?
Calculator air resistance >>
Conversion of wind speed Beaufort to wind speed in m/s:
4:1mis 2:2m/s 3: 4mis_— 4: 7s 5:10m/s 6: 13m/s
T:16m/s 8: 19mis 9: 23m/s_ 10: 27mis_ 11: 31m/s_— 12: >36m/s.
Conversion percentage of slope to slope angle
‘A.5% slope is a slope that rises 5 m for every 100 m horizontal distance, i.e. a
slope of atan(5/100)}=2.86 degrees. A 100% slope is one of 45 degrees.
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