TASK 1: DCH T ANH-> VIT

TASK 3: CHIA TH

Additionally, in parallel with the growth of

economic society, the composition of facilities
required for electronical telecommunications has
become more complex and high-tech oriented in
order to meet adequately the increasing demand
for high-quality and more advanced
telecommunications services (Ngoi ra, song
song vi s pht trin ca x hi kinh t, cc thnh
phn ca phng tin cn thit cho vin thng in
t tr nn phc tp v nh hng cng
ngh cao p ng y nhu cu ngy cng
tng cho cc dch v vin thng cht lng cao
v tin tin hn)

1.A digital exchange isfasther than.a crossbar

one.
(fast)

A ship that is in difficulty can call the nearest

coast station, giving details of its situation and, if
necessary, ask for help (Mt con tu gp kh khn
c th gi ti trm b bin gn nht, thng bo chi
tit tnh trng ca n v nu cn, yu cu c
gip )

2.A series of INTELSAT satellites (launch), the next

of which was INTELSAT VI in 1986.
was launched.
3.A Strowger exchange is as noisy as crossbar
central office.
(noisy)
4.A Stronger exchange is not as reliable as crossbar.
(reliable)
5.Anyone of the subcribers ( to be ) aware that their
speech ( break ) up into small batches of time during
their conversations ? is/ is being broken
6.A switching part ( consist ) of wires and contacts
over which signals and speech connections
( establish ) such as the switching network.
Consits are established
7.An electromechanical exchange is a switching
centre and the design of which is.. based sth on
thousand moving parts

Already a range of specialized services is

foreseen, in particular in the text and picture
communications field (Hin thy trc mt
lot cc dch v c bit - c bit l trong lnh vc
truyn vn bn v hnh nh)

8.Bell made a lot of inventions, but telephone was

the most important.
(important)

Also, based on the range of communications

services offered, the communications networks
can be further classified into an intra
communications network, local communications
network, toll communications network, and
international communications network (Cng
da trn phm vi cung cp dch v thng tin, mng
thng tin c th tip tc c phn loi thnh mng
thng tin ni b, mng thng tin ni ht, mng
thng tin lin tnh v mng thng tin quc t)

10.Bell spoke the first words on the phone in 1875.

(speak)

9.Before inventing the automatic exchange,

Strowger found that his business became
less profitable (profitable)

11.Bell began to experiment with ways in which

people could communicate over long distances.
(begin)
12.Communications network should be capable of
carring out accurate and highly reliable
communications
13.Computers was solden commercially for the first

Analogue exchanges of this type are costly to

install and maintain, and are subject to familiar
faults such as crossed lines, noise and wrong
numbers (Cc tng i tng t ny lp t v
bo dng th tn km, v c nhng li thng
thng nh xuyn m, nhiu v sai s)
As a successor to Telex, it will use specially
adapted word processors and electronic
typewriters and enable a 3-page A4 letter to be
sent almost instantaneously from one end of the
country to the other (L th h sau ca telex, n
s s dng nhng b x l vn bn c bin i
c bit v nhng my ch in t v cho php
nhng bc th ba trang A4 c gi i gn nh
ngay lp tc t u n cui t nc)
As in the above, the communications networks
can be classified further according to the needs
and requirements of the users (Nh trn, cc
mng truyn thng c th c phn loi ty theo
nhu cu v yu cu ca ngi s dng)
As soon as one of the subscribers hangs up, the
physical link is broken and the call is terminated
(Ngay khi thu bao t my, kt ni vt l b hy b
v cuc gi kt thc)
At regular intervals along the coaxial line, line
amplifiers are provided; these are mounted in
underground housings and are called
intermediate repeaters(Ti nhng khong cch
u nhau dc theo ng ng trc, b khuch i
dng c cung cp, chng c t ni di
t v c gi l "b lp trung gian")

time in the 1950s.

(be sold)

14.Further copies can (make) by reptinting the

messages from the memory in the local mode.
..................be made.......................
15.How many functions an exchange ( perform )
when a telephone call ( handle)
Performs. Is handling
16.Indians first earth station (build) at Arvi towards
the end of the 1960s and seven others quickly
followed.
was built
17.In my opinion, Bell is the greatest inventor of
all time.
(great)
18.In the ten-year period 1975-1985, important pilot
schemes (implement) in France to assess the value
and usefulness of certain networks.
................had been/was
implemented.........................
19.In the trunk network, all non-local calls (set up)
via a GSC and the main network.
..............are set up..........................
20.In the early exchanges, all calls went through the
operator.
(go)
21.It became necessary to find a way to link up
subscribers.
(become)
22.Local Area Network (define) as transmission and
switching systems that (provide) high-speed
communication between devices located on a single
site.
..............is defined...................
provide
23.Local networks are.. built up . using aerial or
underground cable to meet the demand on operating
reliability

Basically, the communications network consists

of a switching system for designating call
connection paths according to the subscribers
requests and a transmission system for
transferring call information to the destinations
(C bn, mng li truyn thng bao gm mt h
thng chuyn mch ch nh ng dn kt ni
cuc gi theo yu cu ca thu bao v mt h thng
truyn dn cho vic truyn tin tc cuc gi n
im n)
Between the subscriber and the local exchange,
two-wire circuits are used, often placed in
symmetric cable pairs (Gia thu bao v cc tng
i a phng, cc mch dy i c s dng,
thng c t trong cp cp i xng)
Common Channel Signalling (CCS) uses just one
(go and return) pair of signalling channels, not
directly associated with the traffic circuits, for
performing all the signalling functions of an
entire route which may contain several hundred
traffic circuits.( Bo hiu knh chung (CCS) s
dng mi mt cp knh bo hiu (i v v), khng
kt hp trc tip vi knh lu lng, thc hin
mi chc nng bo hiu cho c mt tuyn lu
lng m c th cha ti vi trm knh lu lng)
Communicating by radio is a method of sending
or receiving sounds, pictures and data through
the air by means of electro-magnetic waves.
(Thng tin v tuyn l mt phng php pht hay
thu m thanh, cc hnh nh v s liu trong khng
gian nh cc sng in t.)

24.Not long ago it became possible to make

telephone calls across the Atlantic Ocean.
(become)
25.Over the last few years, electromechanical
exchanges have begun to disappear.(begin)
26.Pumas memory (use) to store messages for later
transmission.
is used.
27.Recently, tests (carry) out with different solutions
in most industrialized countries.
have been
carried.
28.Strowger patiented for his idea in 1889.
(patient)
29.The call ends just when one of the subscribers ...
hangs up
30.The first satellites ( see ) as a way of
communicating with people who ( live ) in isolated
areas of the world. was seen
lived
31.The control part is .... made up of ..circuits
and programs which take care of the more
intelligent functions in the exchange.
32.The components ( fix ) onto printed circuit
boards , and if there is a fault , the defective printed
circuit board ( can / to taken ) out and replace by
another
are fixed

can be taken

33.The marriage of the telecommunications and data

processing will ... . result in ....... a number of
useful products.
34.The Nordic Public Data Network.. consists
of..components which are interconnected.

35.The operator always connected.calls for

Strowger to other undertakers.
(connect)
Currently available electronical communications
networks for processing various types of
information include a telephone network,
telegraph network, and data communications
network (Hin ti, mng thng tin in t sn c
cho vic x l cc dng khc nhau ca thng tin
bao gm mng in thoi, mng in bo v mng
thng tin d liu)

36.The switching matrix includes some cross

points .. make up of a series of horizontal and
vertical wires.

37.The switching system network should ( design )

and then set up by ( consider ) call quality , call
processing capacity , installation and operation
cost , and the relationship between the transmission
and switching system.
Be designed.. considering
38.The sampling rate ( determine ) by using
Data communications is digital and a transition
Shannons theory which ( state ) that the sampling
is now taking place where all services, voice, text, frequency must by double maximum frequency of
the signal
data and picture will be integrated in a basic
Is determined
states
digital network (Truyn d liu s dng k thut
s v ngy nay, ang din ra mt s bin i trong 39.The technology of electrical telecommunications
( develop ) rapidly ever since telegraph and
cc dch v, thoi, vn bn, d liu v hnh nh
telephone systems ( invente ) . has
- s c kt hp trn mt mng s c bn)
developed.invented
39. The machine which (act) at information source
During their conversations, none of the
and by men who (serve) as users
subscribers will, of course, be aware that their
..acts. serve
speech is being broken into small batches of
40. Today, electronical telecommunications system
is regarded as the most economical means
time.( Tt nhin, trong cuc thoi, khng ai trong
mi thu bao s nhn thy rng ting ni ca mnh available for communicating information and data
40.To reduce the number of cables, the local
ang b ngt qung ra tng on nh theo thi
network usually (divide) into three parts.
gian)
Each separate conversation is shifted to a
significantly higher frequency range (Mi cuc
thoi ring bit c truyn n mt phm vi tn
s cao hn ng k)

is usually divided.
41.Viettel does not have as many .subscribers as
VinaPhone.
(many)
42.When we plan the facsimile transmission system,
care must (take) for the use of new services.
be taken.
43.While speaking, none of the subscriber knows
that their speech is broken up into small batches of
time.

Eventhough the facilities can be set up

differently and have different levels of
complexity according to the users requirements,
they are basically configured as follows: (Cho
d cc c s c th c thit lp khc
nhau v c mc phc tp khc nhau theo yu
cu ca ngi s dng, chng c cu hnh c
bn nh sau)

44.With digital techniques, telephone exchanges

have undergone another great change.
(undergo)
TASK 4 t ng ngha
1.and it enables large amounts of information to be
sent over land ....( cho php)
a. makes way (cch lm) b. allows cho
php
c. lets cho php
2.Basically, the communications network consists
of .................

First, by selecting suitable modulation

frequencies, the conversations can be placed next
a. makes up of
b. includes
to each other along the frequency axis (Trc
c. covers
tin, bng cch chn tn s iu ch ph hp, cc
3.When people want to contact you,.............. lin h
cuc m thoi c th c t cnh nhau dc
theo trc tn s)
a. reach (t)
b. get in touch with lin
lc vic. keep
If two subscribers are to converse, a two-wire
channel must be established capable of
4.The bleeping informs you that someone is calling
transmitting a signal in the 300-3,400 Hz band in you. thng bo
both directions (Nu hai thu bao thng thoi vi
a. tells
b. announces
nhau, mt knh hai dy s c thit lp c kh
c. indicates ch ra
nng ti c tn hiu trong di tn 300 - 3400 Hz
theo c hai hng)
5.The communications network can be roughly
defined as an information .........
If we imagine two conversations between four
subscribers are taking place, we can see that
a. definitely
b. totally
they no longer share the physical space in the
c. approximatel
switching matrix unless time slots are allocated
to each party (Nu chng ta tng tng hai cuc ..6......... the communications networks can be
gi gia bn thu bao, ta s thy rng chng khng classified into.............
cn chia khng gian vt l trong ma trn m cc
a. divided
b. laid out
khe thi gian c cp cho mi bn)
c. presented
Indeed, a marriage of telecommunications and
7 ............. set up adequately by considering call
data processing will be the result (Qu thc, kt
qu s l mt cuc hn nhn gia vin thng v quality................

x l d liu)

In addition, the Integrated Services Digital

Network (ISDN) is a network capable of
processing the above integratedly (Hn th na,
Mng S a Dch V (ISDN) l mng c kh nng
tch hp cc mng trn)
In principle, the greater the number of channels
is transmitted, the larger the number of
repeaters is required(V nguyn tc, s
lng knh cng ln c truyn i, th s
lng cc b lp cng nhiu )
In principle, the satellite operates as an
intermediate repeater; signals are received,
amplified and transmitted to the ground station
on the receive side (V nguyn tc, v tinh hot
ng nh mt b lp trung gian; tn
hiu c nhn, khuch i v truyn ti cc
trm mt t pha bn thu)

a. correctly
c. fully

b. exactly

8. The above mentioned items can be

summarized .................
a. referred to
c. considered

b. talked about

9. If two subscribers are to converse, a twowire...........

a. to ask
b. to question
c. to communicate
10........... the physical link is broken and the call
terminated.
a. disturbed
c. interrupted

b. stopped

11. The sampling rate is determined by using

Shannons Theory.

a. decided
b. controlled
In terminal repeater stations, situated in ground
c. displayed
stations and transit exchanges, speech signals are
modulated and combined before transmission
12. When two conversations take place at the same
(Trong cc trm lp u cui, t mt
time ...............
t v tng i chuyn tip, tn hiu thoi
a. go on
b. occur
c iu ch v kt hp trc khi truyn i)
c. continue
In the conversation between subscriber A and B,
13. ............ but has one great drawback.
16,000 samples are transported every second,
8,000 in each direction (Trong cuc thoi gia
a. benefit
b. disadvantage
thu bao A v B, 16 000 mu c ti i mi giy,
c. loss
8000 mu i mi hng)
14 The technology of electronical
In the perspective of call types or services, the
telecommunications has continued to advance.
communications networks can be classified into
..
a public communications network, dedicated

communications network and mobile

communications network (Theo kha cnh loi
cuc gi hay loi dch v, mng thng tin c th
c phn loi thnh mng thng tin cng cng,
mng thng tin chuyn dng v mng thng tin di
ng)
In other words, the signal is sampled once every
125 microseconds (Ni cch khc, c cch 125
microgiy th tn hiu c ly mu mt ln)
it establishes a path enabling a signal to be
transmitted between two subscribers (thit lp
mt knh cho php mt tn hiu c truyn i gia
hai thu bao)
It is interesting to note that the old telegraph
system used digital transmission (iu th v l
h thng telegraph c l s dng k thut s)

a. improve
develop

b.
c. promote

15............. signals that are transferred via a

transmission line
b. through

b. into
c. out of

16.Today, the electronical telecommunication

system is regarded as the most economical means
available.
c. seen as
as

b. shown
c. considered

17.The most commonly used

telecommunications system is a ........
d. worldly

electronical

b. usually
c.widely

it processes all other information from the

network and decides whether calls can be
established or not (x l tt c cc thng tin khc
t mng v quyt nh xem liu cuc gi c c
thit lp hay khng)

18.Currently, machine-run information

announcement service is in great demand

It should be capable of connecting calls made by

the originating c thu bao b gi ti bt k thi
gian no hay thi gian nh trc) subscribers
registered in the system to all the terminating
subscribers at any time or pre-set times (N phi
c kh nng kt ni cc cuc gi thc hin bi vic
ng k ca thu bao ch gi trong h thng n tt

19.We use the airwaves for many purposes.............

a. aims
b. fields (lnh vc) c.
aspects ( kha cnh)

It should be capable of meeting the transmission

requirements and characteristics (N phi c kh
nng p ng c im v yu cu ng truyn)
It should be capable of carrying out accurate
and highly reliable communications (N phi c

occasionally
c. at present

b. frequently

20. ........... which act as a kind of reflector in the

sky..................( hnh ng)
a. behave(c x) b. work((hot ng)
play

c.

TASK 5: in t nh lng
1. By the year 2020 _a_ lot of _ digital equipment
will be used in each family.
2. When I first bought a digital camera I had

kh nng truyn (thc hin) thng tin mt cch

chnh xc v c tin cy cao)

Lastly, the DTE, which consists of a printer or

alphanumeric visual display terminal or a
computer, provides the subscriber with data
reception facilities (Cui cng, DTE bao gm mt
my in hay b thit b u cui hin th s-ch hay
mt my tnh, s cung cp cho thu bao nhng
phng tin tip nhn s liu)
Many of the worlds telecommunications
administrations have explored other digital
solutions. They are designing networks that offer
a much higher quality of service than before,
using the latest microchip technology with few or
no moving parts; less interference than
previously; lower installation and maintenance
costs; and much faster connection speed for calls
and fewer wrong numbers than in the past. ( Rt
nhiu nh khai thc ngnh vin thng khai thc
cc gii php s. H ang thit k nhng mng
mang li: cht lng dch v cao hn trc nhiu,
s dng cng ngh vi mch mi nht cho php s
dng t hoc khng s dng cc b phn ng; t
nhiu hn trc kia; chi ph lp t v bo dng
thp hn; tc kt ni cuc gi nhanh hn nhiu
v t sai s hn trc kia)
Microelectronics technology is the application of
solid-state semi-conductor technology to provide
components which range in function from a
single active element (e.g. a transistor) to large
scale integrated circuits(Cng ngh vi in t l
vic p dng cng ngh cht bn dn th rn
cung cp cc linh kin vi nhiu chc nng khc
nhau, t mt phn t kch hot n (v d transitor)

very_little_ knowledge about how to use it.

3. In principle, when a great _number of channels
are transmitted, a _great number of_ repeaters are
required.
4. Because the market is so well-penetrated, there is
not any scope for adding more subscribers to the
network.
5. Digitalization of all_ office equipment is a want
to _all_ offices.
6. Our office is equipped with two computers, but
one of them has been out of order for long.
7. The staff at the university is great in number.
What a shame when only _a few have a good
command of ICT.
8. _Most of them even do not know how to exploit
all properties available in their mobile phones.
9. In the recent years, there have been _a few
training classes on ICT. No wonder why illiteracy in
ICT is increasing.
TASK 6 Vit -> ANH
Ba chc nng ca 1 v tinh l nhn , khuych i
v truyn tn hiu ti trm mt t bn thu
->Three funtions of a satellite are reception,
amplification and transmition signals to the receiver
side on the ground
B lp trung gian c lp t dc
theo ng cp ng trc
khuych i ng dy ny->The
intermediate repeater is installed along coaxial cable
line to amplify this line

ti cc bn mch tch hp din rng)

Most of the worlds telephone traffic is still
handled by exchanges of electromechanical
design, each with thousands of wear-prone
exposed moving parts (Rt nhiu lu lng in
thoi trn th gii vn ang c iu khin thng
qua cc tng i in c, mi tng i bao gm
hng ngn b phn chuyn ng d hng)
Nowadays, due to the demands on operating
reliability, local networks are built up using
aerial or underground cables (Ngy nay, do nhu
cu v tin cy hot ng , mng li a
phng c xy dngbng cch s dng dy
cp treo, cp ngm)
Nowadays, an increasing number of highly
sophisticated and powerful means such as data
and video communications for transferring
various types of information and offering nontelephony services are being installed and
operated, revolutionizing our lives (Ngy
nay, mt s lng ngy cng tng ca phng
tin rt tinh vi v mnh m nh d liu v video
chuyn cc loi thng tin v cung cp dch v phi
thoi ang c ci t v hot ng, cuc cch
mng ha cuc sng ca chng ti.)
On longer routes, it may be advantageous to use
PCM on coaxial cables ( cc tuyn xa hn , vic
s dng cng ngh PCM trn cp ng trc s c
nhiu thun li)
Since 1965, satellites have become increasingly
important for long distance communication,
especially across the oceans (T nm 1965, v
tinh tr nn ngy cng quan trng i
vi truyn thng ng di, c bit l trn cc i
dng)

Cc qu trnh trao i (cc cuc

giao tip) c tin hnh thng qua
giao din gia ngi vi my v gia
my vi my s tr nn ngy cng
thng dng hn.
->Communications are carried out through the
interface between men and machines, and between
machines will be become more popular.
Cc dch v vin thng in t
thng dng c da trn c s cc
h thng in thoi v in tn
hot ng mt cch c lp.
->The conventional electronical communications
services are based on the telephone and the
telegraph systems which operate independently
Cc nh cung cp dch v ang cnh
tranh gay gt bng nhng chng
trnh
khuyn
mi
hu
hnh
(abundant promotion) nhm thu ht
nhiu thu bao hn na.
->All the service suppliers are new competing
severely with abundant promotion to attract more
subscribers
Cc linh kin in t c sn xut ti
Nht bn v chuyn ti cng Leyport.
T , chng c a thng ti nh
my lp rp t ti vng ngoi ca
thnh ph.

Since LANs appear to be particularly well suited

to the electronec office , they will certainly
continue to develop in different forms using
transmission media(K t khi cc mng
LAN xut hin c c bit thch hp cho vn
phng in t , h chc chn s tip tc pht
trin cc hnh thc khc nhau bng cch s
dng phng tin truyn thng truyn)
So far, all the signs indicate a trend towards
remote data processing, which means a greater
usage of data communications services (Cho n
nay, tt c cc du hiu ch ra mt xu hng
tin ti x l d liu t xa iu c ngha l vic s
dng cc dch v truyn thng d liu nhiu hn)
Speech and other signals are digitally encoded
and a common method of time division
multiplexing is used in both transmission and
switching equipment (Tn hiu thoi v cc tn
hiu khc c m ha thnh s v phng php
chung l ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian
c s dng c trong thit b truyn dn v
chuyn mch)
Stored Program Control (SPC) is the application
of data processing and computer techniques to
an exchange, thus providing a powerful, flexible
method of controlling the operation of the
exchange (iu khin theo chng trnh lu tr
(SPC) l vic ng dng x l d liu v k thut
my tnh vo mt tng i, vy nn cung cp mt
phng php y tim nng v linh hot trong vic
iu khin vn hnh ca tng i)
Radar systems also enable air-traffic controllers
to follow and guide the flight paths of planes
from take-off to landing (Cc h thng ra a
cng cho php cc nhn vin iu khin giao thng
hng khng theo di v hng dn cc ng bay

->The electronic components _are manufactured in

Japan and transported to Leyport docks. From here,
they are directly taken to assembling factories in the
suburban area

Cc linh kin c c nh trn nhng bng

mch in, v nu c li th bn mch in c li c
th tho b ra v thay bng mt bng mch khc
trong vi giy
->The components are fixed onto printed circuit
boards, and if there is a fault, the defective printed
circuit board can be taken out and replaced by
another in a matter of seconds
Chc nng ca ng truyn ghp
knh phn chia thi gian l chuyn
tip lu lng in thoi gia b tp
trung mch s liu v mt trong cc
b ghp knh.
->The function of TDM is to transfer telephone
traffic between the data circuit concentrator and one
of the multiplexors.
Cng ngh vi mch l mt trong
nhng pht minh ln ca nhn loi
trong lnh vc in t th k 20.
->In the 20th century, microchip technology
was one of greatest invention of human being
Dch v telefax cho php hnh nh tnh v cc
vic in n c truyn i v ti to li
Telefax service permits still pictures and printed

cho cc my bay t khi ct cnh n khi h cnh)

matters to be transmitted and reproduced

Radio can ensure greater safety in navigation

(for example, to warn of bad weather or of
hazards in shipping lanes) and it enables large
amounts of information to be sent over land or
water without the support of several hundred
kilometers of wires and cables (Lin lc v tuyn
c th m bo s an ton cao hn trong hng hi
(v d: cnh bo thi tit xu hoc nhng nguy
him trn cc tuyn ng bin) v n cho php
truyn ti mt lng thng tin ln trn mc t hay
mt nc m khng cn s tr gip ca hng trm
ki l mt cp v dy)

Dch v ny cung cp kh nng truyn dn v ti

to cc hnh nh tnh v vic in n

Radio communication enables large amounts of

information to be sent over land or water
without the support of several hundred
kilometers of wires and cables(Truyn v tuyn
cho php truyn ti mt lng thng tin ln trn
mc t hay mt nc m khng cn s tr gip
ca hng trm ki l mt cp v dy)

->This service provides for the transmission and

reproduction of still pictures and printed matter

p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng

ca vic truyn s liu v cc dch
v in thoi mi, ngi ta pht
trin v thc hin cc dch v
chuyn mch s liu k thut s.
->To meet the more requirement of the data
transmission and the new telephone services, the
people developed and carried out the digital
switching services
p ng tin cy khi vn hnh ngi ta s
dng cp treo hoc cp ngm mng ni ht

Radio network can, therefore, be cheaper to

install but often have fewer circuits than cable
links(V vy, mng lin lc v tuyn lp t c th
r hn tuy nhin thng c t knh hn so vi kt
ni dng cp)

- To meet the operation reliability,aerial or

underground cables are used in the local network

Radio-paging systems enable us to be contacted

even though we do not have a telephone within
easy reach (h thng nhn tin v tuyn cho
php chng ti c lin lc ngay c khi chng
ti khng c in thoi trong vng ph sng)

- To handle a telephone call,an exchange should

perform three basic functions

Telex, on the other hand, worked with a digital

technique while video transmission in principle
uses analogue transmission (Mt khc, telex s
dng k thut s trong khi truyn dn video v

tin hnh 1 cuc gi in thoi 1 tng i phi

thc hin 3 chc nng c bn

Gi trc tip c th c m t l khi

quay s, thu bao thng c kt ni
vi mt s in thoi c xc
nh trc
->The direct call can be described as on dialling, the
subscriber is always connected to a pre-determined

nguyn tc s dng k thut tng t)

number

Telefax has its biggest market in Japan where

the complexity of Japanese script makes this an
ideal medium of transmission (Telefax c th
trng ln nht Nht bn ni do s phc tp ca
ch Nht khin cho dch v ny tr thnh mi
trng truyn dn l tng)

H thng my nhn tin v tuyn vn

hnh bng mt my nhn tin, l mt
my thu c nh m ngi s dng c
th b ti.

Teletex is an international service enabling

subscribers to exchange correspondence on an
automatic memory-to-memory basis, via
telecommunications networks (Teletex l mt
dch v quc t cho php thu bao trao i th tn
trn c s b nh ti b nh, thng qua mng vin
thng)
The above mentioned items can be summarized
as call connection and transmission criterial,
numbering plan, reliability and billing system.
( cp (nhc) li cc mc trn c th c tm li
l kt ni cuc gi v tiu ch truyn dn, k hoch
nh s (numbering plan), tin cy v h thng
tnh ph.)
The communications network can be roughly
defined as an information transferring system
(Mng thng tin (lin lc) c th c nh ngha
khi qut l mt h thng truyn thng tin)

->The radio paging system operates through a pager,

a small receives which user can keep in pocket

K t khi ra i vo nm 1965, v
tinh ngy cng tr nn quan
trng i vi truyn thng ng di.
->Since having appeared in 1965, satellites have
been getting more and more important in distance
communication
Khi b kha cuc gi th thu bao
khng th gi cho cc thu bao khc
c.
->When the outgoing calls barred, the subscriber
cannot call other subscribers
K thut c in c p dng cho
chuyn mch, cn k thut in t
c dng cho phn iu khin ca
h thng ny.

The components are fixed onto printed circuit

boards, and if there is a fault, the defective
printed circuit board can be taken out and
replaced by another in a matter of seconds (Cc
linh kin c c nh trn nhng bng mch in, v ->An electromechanical technique is applied for
switching but an electric technique is used
nu c li th bn mch in c li c th tho b ra
in controlling part of the system.
v thay bng mt bng mch khc trong vi giy.)
The conventional electronical communications
services are based on the telephone and the

Khi thu bao A ang ni chuyn vi

thu bao B, c hai u khng h
bit rng li ni ca h ang b t

telegraph systems which independently run

through the utilization of the subscriber
telephone network and telegraph relay switching
network (Cc dch v in t vin thng c da
trn nhng s in thoi, h thng in tn
m chy c lp thng qua vic s dng mng in
thoi thu bao v chuyn tip chuyn mch in
bo mng)
The Data Switching Exchange (DSE) controls
the set-up and clear-down of data calls, and
monitors the connections and functions of the
network (Tng i chuyn mch s liu (DSE)
iu khin vic thit lp v gii phng cc cuc gi
s liu v gim st vic kt ni v cc chc nng
ca mng)
The data switching exchange which is capable of
handling 100 calls per second , may be
supplemented with a special service centre for
introduction of certain new facilities (Tng i
chuyn mch d liu vi dung lng x l 100 cuc
gi mi giy, ti y c th s c b sung thm
mt trung tm dch v c bit (SSC) nhm gii
thiu mt s phng tin mi.)
The development of data communications
depends, to a great extent, on the development of
data processing (S pht trin ca truyn thng d
liu ty thuc rt ln vo s pht trin ca x l d
liu)
The ideal carrier of data communications is the
digital network in which all services, voice, telex,
data and pictures will be intergrated ( Phng
tin l tng ca truyn thng d liu l mng s
trong tch hp tt c cc dch v thoi, vn bn,
d liu v hnh nh )

v thnh tng on nh thi gian.

->When subscriber A is speaking to subscriber B,
neither of them is known that their their speech is
broken up into small batches of time.
K thut chuyn mch bng c in
truyn thng ang c thay th dn
bng k thut in t v k thut
s.
->The traditional electromechanical switching
technique has been replacing by electric and digital
technique

Mng d liu chuyn mch c s

dng ni cc ng dy thng tin
t cc bn gi n cc bn nhn v
sau thc hin vic trao i
thng tin gia cc bn vi nhau.
->The data switching network is used to connet the
information line from senders to receivers and then
to carry out exchanging information together.
Mng d liu cng cng ( PDN ) l mng s bao
gm 1 s b phn nh DSE , DCC , DMX , v.v
oc kt ni ni b vi nhau
->The Public data network is a digital network that
consits of a number components
Mng ni ht thng c chia thnh ba phn
gim s lng
->The local network is usually dividel into three
parts to reduce the number of cables
My nhn tin nhanh chng bin
mt ngay khi in thoi di ng ra

The instant communications network and dash

communications network are available if we
classify them in terms of switching processing (.
Nu ta phn loi trong gii hn v x l chuyn
mch th c mng thng tin khn cp v mng
thng tin nhanh)
The main advantage of this system is that the
transmission loss encountered by speech
becomes more or less independent of both
distance and the number of exchanges through
which a call is routed (u im ch yu ca h
thng ny l tn hao ng truyn ca tn hiu
thoi t nhiu tr nn khng ph thuc vo c
khong cch v s tng i m mt cuc gi i
qua)
The main advantage of radio-paging is that you
can be contacted wherever you are, even though
you may be a long way from a telephone set (u
im chnh ca nhn tin v tuyn l bn c th lin
lc mi lc mi ni,ngay c khi bn c th l
mt chng ng di t mt b in thoi.)
The most commonly used electronical
telecommunications system is a telephony
communications system where men are
information sources as well as users, and
telephones are used as transmitters/ receivers
(Ph bin nht h thng vin thng in t c
s dng l mt h thng in thoi truyn thng,
ni nhiu ngi l nhng ngun thng
tin cng nh ngi s dng, v in thoi c s
dng nh my pht / thu)
The Nordic Public Data Network is a circuitswitched type of digital network and its basic
purpose is to provide a means of synchronous
data transmission (Mng s liu cng cng Bc

i.
->The pager disappeared quickly as soon as the
mobile was appeared.
Mt tng i c th thit lp 1 ng dn cho
php 1 tn hiu c truyn i gia 2 thu bao
- An exchange can establish a path enabling a
signal to be transmitted
Mc ch ca b tp trung l tp hp lu lng
t mt s mch thu bao ring l
- The purpose of a concentrator is to collect traffic
from some individual subscriber circuits
Ngi ta thng s dng cc mch 2 dy kt
ni gia thu bao v tng i ni ht
- Two wire circuits are used to connect the
subscriber and the local exchange
Ngy cng nhiu lai mng s khc nhau
c thit k cung cp chl lng dch v cao
hn
->More and more digital networks have been
designed to offer higher service quality
Ngy nay, my nhn tin b in
thoi di ng thay th hon ton.
->Nowaday, the pager is replaced completely by the
mobile phone
Ngy nay khi m th in t rt
ph bin th ngi ta rt t khi vit
th tay mc d mt l th vit tay
chc chn s t ra chn tnh hn.
->Nowaday when the email becomes very popular,
people seldom write leter with hand although a hand

u l mng s kiu chuyn mch v mc ch

writing leter is surely sincere.
chnh ca n l cung cp mt phng tin truyn
Ngy nay, do nhu cu v tin cy hot
dn s liu ng b)
ng , mng li a phng c xy
The numbers for designating terminating
dngbng cch s dng dy cp treo, cp ngm
subscribers should be standardized (S cho vic
ch nh thu bao kt cui phi c tiu chun
-> Nowadays, due to the demands on operating
ha)
reliability, local networks are built up using aerial or
underground cables
The purpose of every switching system is to
establish a temporary circuit or link between the Nhng b phn c gn trn cc bn mch in
caller and the subscriber being called (Mc ch
c th ly ra v thay th 1 cch d dng
->The components are fixed onto printed circuit
ca mi h thng chuyn mch l thit lp mt
boards, and if there is a fault, the defective printed
knh hoc mt tuyn kt ni tm thi gia ngi
circuit board can be taken out and replaced by
gi v thu bao c gi)
another in a matter of seconds
The present status of telecommunications is a
Nh c cc v tinh vin thng m cc
result of a long evolution through more than a
bui truyn hnh giao lu trc tip
hundred years. (Tnh trng ca ngnh vin thng
gia cc a phng khc nhau c
ngy nay l kt qu ca mt cuc pht trin lu
di)
th thc hin c.
The system works through a pager or bleeper,
a small receiver about the size of a packet of
cigarettes, which you can keep in your pocket
(H thng hot ng thng qua mt my nhn
tin hoc "bleeper", thu nh v kch thc
ca mt gi thuc l , m bn c th gi trong ti
ca bn. )

->Thanks to telecommunication satellites that live

visual perfomance among different localties can be
done

The switching matrix consists of a number of

crosspoints made up of a series of horizontal and
vertical wires at the intersection of which a relay
is installed (Ma trn chuyn mch bao gm mt s
cc im giao nhau c to bi mt lot cc dy
dn dc v ngang m ti cc giao im ca chng
c t mt rle)

->If neccessary, the local network which consits of

one or two switching systems can be set up

The sampling rate is determined by using

Shannons Theory which states that the

nhng nc ang pht trin nh Vit

Nam, h truyn dn lu lng in

Nu cn thit th mt mng ni ht
m bao gm mt hoc hai h thng
chuyn mch c th c thit lp.

cc tuyn xa hn , vic s dng cng ngh

PCM trn cp ng trc s c nhiu thun li
->On longer routes, it may be advantageous to use
PCM on coaxial cables

sampling frequency must be double the

maximum frequency of the signal. In practice,
sampling is done at 8 kHz (Tc ly mu c
tnh da vo hc thuyt Shannon. Hc thuyt xc
nh rng tn s ly mu phi gp i tn s cao
nht trong tn hiu. Trong thc t, vic ly mu
c thc hin 8kHz.)
The technology of electronical
telecommunications has continued to advance
rapidly ever since the invention of telegraph and
telephone systems that revolutionized the means
of communications about a century ago (Cng
ngh ca vin thng in t tip tc pht trin
nhanh chng k t s pht minh in bo v h
thng in thoi m cch mng ha phng tin
thng tin lin lc vo khong mt th k trc)
Then, they are transmitted as a group to the
receive side where a similar station demodulates
the signals and extracts the various
conversations before they are transmitted in two
or four- wire circuits to another transit exchange
(Sau chng c truyn i nh mt nhm n
pha thu, ni trm tng t s gii iu ch v
tch ra thnh cc cuc thoi khc nhau trc khi
c chuyn i trn 2 hoc 4 dy n 1 trm
chuyn tip khc)
These cables are also used for FDM systems
transmitting up to 10,800 telephone channels
(Cc loi cp ny cng c s dng cho cc h
thng FDM truyn ln n 10.800 knh thoi.)
This circuit must be terminated when one of the
subscribers decides to replace his/ her handset
(Knh ny phi c kt thc khi mt trong hai
thu bao quyt nh t my xung.)

thoi bng dy trn vn cn rt ph

bin.
->In the developing country like VN, the telephone
traffic transmission system on open-wired line is
still very popular..
Phn ny cng cha cc mch
thc hin cc chc nng in thoi
n gin.
->This part also consits of circuit performing
simple telephoning funtion
Th trng dch v vin thng Vit
Nam ang bng n (boost), m ra
nhiu c hi cho cc nh cung cp
dch v.
->The market of telecom service in VN is boosting,
which opening more opportunities for service
suppliess.
Tng i chuyn mch d liu c kt
ni vi mt b tp trung chuyn mch d
liu.
->The data switching exchange is connected to the
data switching concentrator.

Tng i s l tng i c s dng 1 i knh bo

hiu
- The digital network (exchange) is a network that
user a pair of signaling channel
Thit b d liu u cui l mt
thit b bao gm mt my in hay b
thit b u cui hin th ch- s

This digital network will be an ideal carrier of

data communications and will promote the
growth of such communications (Mng s ny s
l mt phng tin truyn thng s liu l tng
ca truyn d liu v s thc y s pht trin ca
ngnh thng tin ny)
This exchange, which is capable of handling 100
calls per second, may be supplemented at a later
date with a Special Service Centre (SSC) for the
introduction of certain new facilities. (Tng i
ny, vi dung lng x l 100 cuc gi mi giy,
ti y c th s c b sung thm mt trung tm
dch v c bit (SSC) nhm gii thiu mt s
phng tin mi.)
This is known as digital time division switching
for each sample is encoded into eight bits (one
byte).( iu ny c gi l chuyn mch phn
chia theo thi gian s ha v mi mu c m ha
thnh 8 bit (mt byte).)

hay mt my tnh.
->The DTE is an equipment which consits of a
printer or alphanumeric visual display
terminal or a computer
Trong nhng nm gn y, nhng
tin b vt bc trong lnh vc vin
thng m ng cho vic gii
thiu nhng loi hnh dch v mi
v c ci tin.
->In recent years, surprising advances in
telecommunication field have opened away for
introducing new types and improved service.

Trong h thng Kim sot Chng

trnh Lu tr (SPC), phn chuyn
mch bao gm cc dy dn v cc
mi tip xc.
->In SPC,the switching includes conducting lines
This marriage will hopefully result in a number and connecting points
of useful products (Hy vng l cuc hn nhn
Tuy vy, vn c nhng ngi lu gi
ny s em li mt s cc sn phm hu dng)
mt chc my nhn tin nh l mt
vt k nim ho thi k u ca cng
This service provides for the transmission and
reproduction of still pictures and printed matter ngh truyn thng v tuyn.
(Dch v ny cung cp kh nng truyn dn v ti
->However, there are still some people who have
to cc hnh nh tnh v vic in n)
stored a pager as a sovenir since the early period of
This technique, known as time division
radio communication
switching, appears to be very attractive but has
one great drawback: the PAM samples can only
be transmitted over relatively short distances,
and the capacity of the bus is limited (K thut
u im ca nhn tin v tuyn l ngi ta c th
ny, c gi l chuyn mch phn chia theo thi
lin lc c vi bn d bn bt c ni u
gian, c v rt hp dn nhng li c mt nhc
->The advantages of radio paging is that you can be
im rt ln: cc mu PAM ch c th truyn i
contacted wherever you are

nhng hong cch tng i ngn, v dung lng

ca bus th hn ch)
Time division switching has begun to replace
space division techniques in nearly all the most
modern systems (Chuyn mch phn chia theo
thi gian thay th chuyn mch phn chia theo
khng gian trong hu ht cc h thng tng i
hin i)
Today, electronical telecommunications system is
regarded as the most economical means
available for communicating information and
data. (Ngy nay, h thng vin thng in t c
coi nh l phng tin tit kim nht cho vic
truyn a thng tin v d liu)
To realize the above, the switching system
network should be designed and then, set up
adequately by considering call quality, call
processing capacity, and installation and
operation cost, and the relationship between the
transmission system and switching system (
nhn ra tt c nhng iu kin trn th mng h
thng chuyn mch phi c thit k v sau
c thnh lp y bng vic xem xt cht
lng cuc gi, nng lc x l cuc gi v ci t
v ph hot ng v mi quan h gia h thng
truyn dn v h thng chuyn mch)
Transmission on open-wire lines was the earliest
method used for telephone traffic, and this
method is still used in the local networks of
many countries (Truyn trn cc tuyn
ng dy trn l phng php u tin c s
dng cho lu lng in thoi, v phng
php ny vn cn c s dng trong cc mng
li a phng ca nhiu nc)

Vic s dng cng ngh vi mch

in t cho ta kch thc vt l nh
v tin cy cngvi vic thit k
sn xut v th nghim c t
ng ho.
->Use of the microchip technology offers small
physical size and reliability together with
automatded design, manufacture and testing
V tinh t xa ng vai tr nh mt
b phn x trn bu tri nh hng li nhng thng tin m n nhn
c.
->The distance satellite act as a kind of reflector
in the sky in oder to redirect the information which
it receives.
Vi vic c phn ho (equitization)
cc cng ty vin thng Vit Nam
hin nay, nhu cu cn cc k s gii
ngnh k thut vin thng ang rt
ln.
->With equitization of telecom companies in VN
today, the need of good engineers in
telecommunication are very great.
V c bn mng li truyn thng bao gm 1 h
thng chuyn mch v 1 h truyn dn
->Basically, the communication network includer a
switching system and a transmission system

Use of the microchip technology offers small

physical size and reliability together with
automatded design, manufacture and testing
(Vic s dng cng ngh vi mch in
t cho ta kch thc vt l nh v tin
cy cngvi vic thit k sn xut v th
nghim c t ng ho)
Videotex is a service enabling a subscriber to
obtain information over the Public Switched
Telecoms Network (PSTN) for presentation in
alphanumeric and/or graphic from on a VDUusually a specially adapted TV receiver (Videotex
l mt dch v cho php thu bao nhn c thng
tin thng qua mng vin thng chuyn mch cng
cng (PSTN) th hin di dng ch s v/ hoc
ha trn mt VDU - thng l mt b thu truyn
hnh tng thch ph hp)
Videotex subscribers may choose to have an
additional service_ electronic mailbox enabling
them to send messages directly and
instantaneously to one another (Cc thu bao
videotex c th chn mt dch v thm - th in t,
cho php h gi cc bc in trc tip v ngay lp
tc vi nhau)
We use the airwaves for many purposes:
broadcasting most of local and national radio
and TV stations, in our mobile radio and
telephone services, and communicating on global
scale through distant satellites, which act as a
kind of reflector in the sky, redirecting the
information we send up to them.( Chng ta s

dng sng khng trung cho nhiu mc ch: thng

tin qung b i vi hu ht cc trm v tuyn v
truyn hnh a phng cng nh quc gia, trong
cc dch v in thoi v v tuyn di ng, v
thng tin lin lc trong phm vi ton cu nh cc
v tinh tm xa, cc v tinh ny ng vai tr nh
mt vt phn x trn tri, chuyn tip nhng thng
tin chng ta gi ln )
When, many years later, telephony was
introduced, analogue transmission was used
(Trong khi , nhiu nm sau in thoi li s dng
k thut tng t)
When an exchange handles more than 30
simultaneous calls, the PAM sample itself must
be encoded so that it can be transmitted within
the exchange without distortion (Khi mt tng i
x l trn 30 cuc gi ng thi, bn thn mu
PAM phi c m ha n c th c truyn i
trong tng i m khng b mo)
When people want to contact you, they simply
pick up the nearest telephone, dial your personal
paging number free of charge, and wherever you
are in the coverage area, your pager will bleep
(Khi mi ngi mun lin h vi bn, h ch cn
nhc in thoi gn nht, quay s bng tin nhn c
nhn ca bn min ph, v bt c ni no bn
ang trong vng ph sng,my nhn tin ca
bn s bleep)
When subscriber A speaks to subscriber B, the
analogue signals in the 300 - 3,400 Hz range are
transmitted to the exchange, sampled (using
Pulse Amplitude Modulation- PAM) and then
transported on the bus before being reconverted
into analogue form and sent on to subscriber B
(Khi thu bao A ni chuyn vi thu bao B, cc tn

hiu tng t trong di tn 300 3400 kHz c

truyn ti tng i, c ly mu (s dng phng
php iu bin xung - PAM) v ri c truyn trn
bus trc khi c ti phc hi tr li dng tng
t v tip tc gi ti thu bao B)
When two conversations take place at the same
time, 32,000 samples have to be transported per
second. (Khi hai cuc thoi din ra ng thi,
32000 s c ti i mi giy.)
You must, however, be above, not below ground
level, for the signal will not get through if you
are underground (tuy nhin Bn phi, c
trn, khng di mt t, cho tn hiu s
khng nhn c thng qua nu bn l di lng
t.)

TASK 2: Ni ct ( xp theo ngha)

Name

Classification Characteristics/
Functions

Datex

packet
switched
network

It provides a
means of
synchronous
data
transmission

CCS (Common
Channel
Signalling)

method of
signalling

It uses one pair

for performing
all signalling
fuctions of one
route.

Electronic mail

new service

It enables
videotex
subscribers to
send messages

directly and
instantaneously
to one another
Lasers

light sources

They produce
light of a closely
defined
wavelength.

PCM

means of
transmission

It involves the
sampling and
coding of
analogue
signals.

Remote
concentrators

remote part of
an exchange

It provides a
means of
asynchronous
data
transmission

SPC
(stored electronic
program control) system

It uses data
processing and
computer
techniques
switching

Telefax

new service

It provides for
the transmission
and reproduction
of still pictures
and printed
matter.

Videotex

service

It enables a
subscriber to
obtain
alphanumeric
and/or graphic

information over
the PSTN

Abbreviated
address call

The subscriber cannot call

other subscribers

Charge advice

The subscriber is informed of

the cost of a call on
completion of a call

Closed user
group

A number of subscribers are

protected against calls from
subscribers outside the group

Common
Channel
Signalling

The use of one pair of

channels not directly
associated with the traffic
circuits, to perform all
signalling functions on a
complete route

Connect when
free

A call to an engaged
connection is put in a queue
and established when it
becomes free.

Control

Processing network
information and deciding
whether to establish a call or
not

DTE

b. provision of data reception

facilities

DCC

c. collection of traffic from

subscriber circuits

DCE

g. provision of interface

between DTE and network

DSE
DSE

f. control of set-up and cleardown

h. monitoring of network
connections and functions

Direct call

On dialling, the subscriber is

always connected to a predetermined number

Group number

The same number is used for

several equivalent terminals.
The connection is made to a
free terminal

Integrated
Digital
Transmission
and Switching

Speech and other signals are

digitally encoded and a
common method of timedivision multiplexing is used

Information
source

Men
or
machines
for
generating information to be
transferred.
Information
generated are classified into
voice, codes, and video
(characters, graphs, pictures)

Microelectronics The application of solid-state

Technology
semi- conductors to provide
greater reliability, smaller size
and automated design
NPDN

i. provision of a means of
synchronous data
transmission.

Outgoing calls

The subscriber cannot call

barred

other subscribers

Receiver

A device or equipment used to

convert signals that have been
received into original signals

RMX/DMX

d. connection of subscriber
lines

Signalling

Establishing a signalling path

between subscribers through
an exchange

Stored Program
Control

The application of dataprogramming techniques to an

exchange, providing greater
control and flexibility in the
operation of an exchange

SSC

a. introduction of new
facilities

Subscriber
connection

Dialoguing with other parts of

the network

TDM

e. transfer of traffic

Transmitter

A device or equipment for

converting
information
generated into signals that are
transferred via a transmission
line

Transmission
line

A medium for transferring

signals from a transmitter to a
receiver. Coaxial cables,
optical cables, space and wave
guides are used widely for this
purpose. Signals being sent via

a transmission line are subject

to interference such as noise
User

Men or machines that receive

information recovered from
the receiver