Group 4

MEMBERS - IKHMAL
- HAIKAL
- NIK

Chapter 4:Reproduction and Growth

Sub-topic-Effent of the Imbalence of Hormones in
Women

PREMENSTRUAL
SYNDROME(PMS)

Many women experience PREMENSRUAL

SYNDROME that result from HORMONAL
IMBALENCE(between Oestrogen and Progesterone)
from a few days/hours before menstruation

Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome is:

a)tiredness
d)emotional tension
b)moodiness
e)headache
c)anxiesty

Hormonal Imbalance
Hormonal imbalence in
women can also cause her

menstrual cycle to STOP.This makes it difficult for her

to get PREGNANT or might even STOP FROM
BEING PREGNANT.

Abortion(pengguguran) can also occur if there is an

IMBALENCE LEVEL OF PROGESTERONE.This
happen because insuffient progesterone fails to
conteract the contractions of the uterus caused by
high oestrogen level during pregnancy

Menopause

Menopause is when women of age 45-50 years old

menstrual cycle stops.At the beginning,the
menstrual cycle becomes irregular and after a few
months/year the menstrual cycle stops altogether

Menopause occur when the ovary stops producing

egg cells and the follicle start to become insensitive
to follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and the
luteinising hormone(LH).

The effect is that less oestrogen and progesterone are

produced by the ovary which distrupts ovulation and
cause her menstrual cycle to become irregular and stops

after sometimes.

A reduce level in oestrogen in the blood cause the

pituitary gland to secrete more FSH and LH into the
bloodstream which upsets the whole feed back system

Effect of Menopause

As the cells and the body tissue of a female are so

used to the presence of oestrogen for some 30 years,a
sudden reduction in the level of oestrogen hormone
will cause the following physiological and
psychological disturbance

Effect of Menopause

Psysologically

Physically

a)Headache
b)Tiredness
c)Insomnia(sleeplessness)
d)Moodiness
e)Loss of concentration
and memory

a)Wall of vagina becomes

thin
b)Ovary starts to reduce
the production of egg cell
c)Breast starts to
degenerate

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