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Aes, Aas, Icp
Aes, Aas, Icp
SPEKTROSKOPIJA (AES)
Naelo metode
vodena otopina uzorka se raspri
mijea s plinovitim gorivom
i oksidansom
unosi u plamen
atomizacija
uta
svjetlost
20.7
plamen
2000 C; zrak/acetilen 2500 C za analizu Mg
monokromator ili filter
odabire usku vrpcu emitiranog zraenja, zaustavlja
interferirajue zraenje plamena
detektor
mjeri intenzitet odabranog emitiranog zraenja
Emisijski spektri
K+ + e-
viskoznost
organske tvari u uzorku mogu mijenjati viskoznost otopine
utjee na brzinu uvoenja ispitivane otopine u plamen
saharoza
etanol
nie
vie
vrijednosti emitiranog zraenja
interferirajui anioni
fosfati i sulfati tvore nehlapljive soli s metalnim ionima
smanjenje emitiranog zraenja
dodatak lantanova klorida taloi anione
Kvalitativna analiza
cijeli spektar atomskih emisijskih linija
valne duljine maksimuma jedinstvene su za svaki element
Kvantitativna analiza
metoda standardnog dodatka
koristi se kod analitikih tehnika gdje se trebaju
odbaciti utjecaji matriksa i kod analize tragova
analit
matriks
izmjereni spektar
100
sadraj elementa
u ispitivanoj otopini
odredi se
ekstrapolacijom
Apsorbancija
Koncentracija
analita
Koncentracija otopine
standarda
Nema
interfrencije
Apsorbancija
Metoda standardnog
dodatka
Izravna
kalibracija
Koncentracija
TESTS
Potassium. Not more than 0.05 mmol of K per gram of protein,
determined by atomic emission spectrometry (2.2.22, Method I).
Measure the emission intensity at 766.5 nm.
Sodium. Not more than 160 mmol of Na per litre and not less than
95 per cent and not more than 105 per cent of the content of Na
stated on the label, determined by atomic emission spectrometry
(2.2.22, Method I).
Measure the emission intensity at 589 nm.
izravna kalibracija
CARBOPLATIN
Carboplatinum
TESTS
Silver. Not more than 10 ppm of Ag, determined by atomic
emission spectrometry (2.2.22, Method I).
Test solution. Dissolve 0.50 g in a 1 per cent V/V solution of
nitric acid R and dilute to 50.0 ml with the same acid.
Reference solutions. Prepare the reference solutions using
silver standard solution (5 ppm Ag) R, diluted with a 1 per cent
V/V solution of nitric acid R.
Measure the intensity emitted at 328.1 nm.
Soluble barium. Not more than 10 ppm of Ba, determined by
atomic emission spectrometry (2.2.22, Method I).
Test solution. Use the solution described in the test for silver.
Reference solutions. Prepare the reference solutions using
barium standard solution (50 ppm Ba) R, diluted with a 1 per
cent V/V solution of nitric acid R.
Measure the intensity emitted at 455.4 nm.
Posebnosti metode
jeftina, izdrljiva i selektivna metoda za kvantitativnu analizu
nekih metala
Ogranienja metode
moe se primijeniti samo za odreivanje manjeg broja metala
ATOMSKA APSORPCIJSKA
SPEKTROSKOPIJA (AAS)
Naelo metode
atomi metala ispareni u plamenu
Pobudni potencijal
pobueno stanje
Zn
apsorbira zraenje
na 214 nm
osnovno stanje
M + A-
otopina
rasprivanje
M + A-
aerosol
desolvatacija
MA
krutina
isparavanje
MA
plin
atomizacija
pobuivanje
M*
- h
pobuivanje
M+*
- h
M0
atomska para
ionizacija
M+ ion
Apsorpcija zraenja
odreivanje koncentracije elementa u ispitivanoj tvari
mjerenjem intenziteta apsorpcije zraenja
kod odreene valne duljine
20.7
AAS
AES
Izvor zraenja
arulja sa upljom katodom
katoda prevuena metalom koji se analizira
pobuivanje atoma metala elektriki
Kvantitativna analiza
mjerenje intenziteta apsorpcije spektralne linije pri
standardiziranim uvjeti atomizacije
smjesa plinova za plamen
znaajke otapala
ne interferira pri apsorpciji
olakava aspiraciju otopine,
napetost povrine i viskoznost
Cu, Pb, Ag
Pt
Zn
Ag
Ca, Mg, Hg, Zn
Al, Ca, Fe, Pb, Mg
Pb
Ni
TESTS
Copper. Not more than 5 ppm of Cu, determined by atomic
absorption spectrometry (2.2.23, Method I).
Test solution. Dissolve 2.0 g of the substance to be examined in
0.1 M nitric acid and dilute to 25.0 ml with the same acid.
Reference solutions. Prepare reference solutions containing 0.2
ppm, 0.4 ppm and 0.6 ppm of Cu by diluting copper standard
solution (10 ppm Cu) R with 0.1 M nitric acid.
Measure the absorbance at 324.8 nm using a copper hollowcathode lamp as a source of radiation and an air-acetylene
flame. Adjust the zero of the apparatus using 0.1 M nitric acid.
Iron. Not more than 2 ppm of Fe, determined by atomic
absorption spectrometry (2.2.23, Method I).
Limit tests
LEAD IN SUGARS
Determine the lead by atomic absorption spectrometry (2.2.23,
Method II).
Test solution. Dissolve 20.0 g of the substance to be examined in a
mixture of equal volumes of dilute acetic acid R and water R and
dilute to 100.0 ml with the same mixture of solvents. Add 2.0 ml of a
saturated solution of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate R
(about 10 g/l ) and 10.0 ml of methyl isobutyl ketone R and then
shake for 30 s protected from bright light. Allow the layers to
separate and use the methyl isobutyl ketone layer.
Reference solutions. Prepare 3 reference solutions in the same
manner as the test solution but adding 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml and 1.5 ml
respectively of lead standard solution (10 ppm Pb) R in addition to
the 20.0 g of the substance to be examined.
Set the zero of the instrument using methyl isobutyl ketone R treated
as described for the test solution without the substance to be
examined. Measure the absorbance at 283.3 nm using a lead hollowcathode lamp as source of radiation and an air-acetylene flame.
Posebnosti metode
specifina metoda za odreivanje koncentracije oko 70-tak
elemenata u ljekovitim tvarima i biolokim tekuinama
koristi se i u kontroli kakvoe
osjetljivija je od atomske emisijske spektrofotometrije
Ogranienja metode
primjenjuje se samo za analizu metalnih elemenata
svaki element treba razliitu arulju sa upljom katodom za
njegovo odreivanje
Granice detekcije