H thng nhng - Phn 1: H thng nhng l g?

02/11/2007
Pht trin cc h nhng v phn mm nhng l quc sch ca
nhiu quc gia trn th gii, nht l vo giai on hu PC hin
nay. Chnh ph, cc ngnh cng nghip, cc vin nghin cu,
trng i hc ca Vit Nam nn nhn nhn li chin lc pht
trin cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng ca mnh v c nhng
iu chnh ph hp c th theo kp, rt ngn khong cch tt
hu trong lnh vc cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng i vi
cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii trong qu trnh hi nhp
nn kinh t ton cu khng th trnh khi hin nay. Vy h thng
nhng l g?

H THNG NHNG V S PHT TRIN CA CNG NGH THNG TIN

PGS. TSKH Phm Thng Ct
Vin Cng ngh Thng Tin-Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit nam
Tel : 04-8361445 ; E-mail:
ptcat@ioit.ncst.ac.vn

Sau s pht trin ca my tnh ln v mini (mainframe v mini computer) giai on 1960-1980,
PC-Internet giai dan 1980-2000, th hin nay chng ta ang thi i hu PC. Giai on hu
PC-Internet ny dc d on t nm 2000 n 2020 l giai on ca mi trng thng minh m
h thng nhng l ct li v ang lm nn ln sng i mi th 3 trong s pht trin ca Cng
ngh thng tin.
Mt thc t khch quan l th trng ca cc h thng nhng ln gp khong 100 ln th trng
ca PC v mng LAN, trong khi chng ta mi nhn thy b ni ca cng ngh thng tin l PC
v Internet cn phn chm ca cng ngh thng tin chim 99% s processor trn ton cu ny
nm trong cc h nhng th cn t c bit n.
Sc y ca cng ngh a cng ngh vi in t, cc cng ngh vi c in, cng ngh sinh hc
hi t to nn cc chip ca cng ngh nano, l nn tng cho nhng thay i c bn trong cng
ngh thng tin v truyn thng. Sc ko ca th trng i hi cc thit b phi c nhiu chc
nng thn thin vi ngi dng, c mc thng minh ngy cng ci thin a n vai tr v
tm quan trng ca cc h thng nhng ngy cng cao trong nn kinh t quc dn.

1. H thng nhng l g?
Theo nh ngha ca IEEE th h thng nhng l
mt h tnh ton nm trong sn phm, to thnh
mt phn ca h thng ln hn v thc hin mt
1

s chc nng ca h thng .

Ni mt cch n gin khi mt h tnh ton (c th l PC, IPC, PLC, vi x l, vi h thng, DSP
vv) c nhng vo trong mt sn phm hay mt h thng mt cch hu c v thc hin mt
s chc nng c th ca h thng th ta gi l mt h thng nhng. V d quanh ta c rt nhiu
sn phm nhng nh l vi sng, ni cm in, iu ho, in thoi di ng, t, my bay, tu
thu, cc u o c cu chp hnh thng minh vv. Ta c th thy hin nay h thng nhng c mt
mi lc mi ni trong cuc sng ca chng ta.
Cc nh thng k trn th gii thng k c rng s chip vi x l trong cc my PC v cc
server, cc mng LAN, WAN, Internet ch chim khng y 1% tng s chip vi x l c trn th
gii. Hn 99% s vi x l cn li nm trong cc h thng nhng.
Nh vy cng ngh thng tin khng ch n thun l PC, mng LAN, WAN v Internet nh nhiu
ngi thng ngh. ch l b ni ca mt tng bng chm. Phn chm ca cng ngh thng tin
chnh l cc ng dng ca cc h nhng c mt trong mi ngnh ngh ca i sng x hi hin
nay.
Cc h nhng c tch hp trong cc thit b o lng iu khin v cc sn phm c in t to
nn u no v linh hn ca sn phm.
Trong cc h nhng, h thng iu khin nhng ng mt vai tr ht sc quan trng.
H iu khin nhng l h thng m my tnh c nhng vo vng iu khin ca sn phm
nhm iu khin mt i tng, iu khin mt qa trnh cng ngh p ng cc yu cu t ra.
H thng iu khin nhng ly thng tin t cc cm bin, x l tnh ton cc thut iu khin v
pht tn hiu iu khin cho cc c cu chp hnh.
Khc vi cc h thng iu khin c in theo nguyn l thu lc, kh nn, r le, mch tng t,
h iu khin nhng l h thng iu khin s c hnh thnh t nhng nm 1960 n nay.
Trc y cc h iu khin s thng do cc my tnh ln m nhim, ngy nay chc nng iu
khin s ny do cc chip vi x l, cc h nhng thay th. Phn mm iu khin ngy cng tinh
so to nn thng minh ca thit b v ngy cng chim t trng ln trong gi thnh ca thit
b.
Nh vy khng phi tt c cc sn phm o lng v iu khin u l cc h nhng. Hin nay
chng ta cn gp nhiu h thng iu khin t ng hot ng theo nguyn tc c kh, thu lc,
kh nn, r le, hoc din t tng t
Ngc li phn ln cc sn phm c in t hin nay u c nhng trong n cc chip vi x l
hoc mt mng nhng. Ta bit rng c in t l s cng nng ca cc cng ngh c kh, in t,
iu khin v cng ngh thng tin. S phi hp a ngnh ny to nn s vt tri ca cc sn
phm c in t. Sn phm c in t ngy cng tinh so v ngy cng thng minh m phn hn
ca n do cc phn mm nhng trong n to nn. Cc sn phm c in t l cc sn phm c t
nht mt qu trnh c kh (thng l mt qu trnh chuyn ng), l i tng iu khin do
2

vy cc sn phm c in t ngy nay thng c cc h nhng trong n nhng ngc li khng

phi h thng nhng no cng l mt h c in t.
im qua s pht trin ca my tnh ta thy n tri qua 3 giai on. Giai on nm 1960-1980
l giai on pht trin ca my tnh ln v my mini (main frame v mini computer) vi khong
1000 chip/my v mi my c khong 100 ngi dng. Giai on t 1980-2000 l giai on pht
trin ca my PC vi s chip vi x l khong 10 chip/my v thng thng cho mt ngi s
dng. Thi i hu PC (Post-PC Era) l giai on m mi dng u c chip, trung bnh 1
chip/mt my v s my dng cho mt ngi ln n >100 my. Giai on hu PC c d bo
t 2001-2010 khi cc thit b xung quanh ta u c thng minh ho v kt ni vi nhau thnh
mng to thnh mi trng thng minh phc v cho con ngi.
im qua v chc nng x l tin PC v cc thit b nhng c nhng nt khc bit. i vi PC
v mng Internet chc nng x l ang c pht trin mnh cc lnh vc nh thng mi in
t, ngn hng in t, chnh ph in t, th vin in t, o to t xa, bo in t.Cc ng
dng ny thng s dng my PC bn, mng WAN, LAN hot ng trong th gii o. Cn i
vi cc h nhng th chc nng x l tnh ton c ng dng c th cho cc thit b vt l (th
gii tht) nh mobile phone, qun o thng minh, cc in t cn tay, thit b y t, xe t, tu
tc hnh, phng tin vn ti thng minh, my o, u o c cu chp hnh thng minh, cc h
thng iu khin, nh thng minh, thit b gia dng thng minh..vv

H thng nhng - Phn 2- Cu trc, c tnh, phng php

thit k v xu th
02/11/2007
Cc h nhng l nhng h kt hp phn cng v phn mm mt cch ti
u. Mt s c trng c bn ca h nhng ngoi tnh chuyn dng n cn
b rng buc v hot ng trong ch thi gian thc, hn ch v b nh,
nng lng v gi thnh m li i hi hot ng tin cy v tiu tn t nng
lng.

Cu trc, c tnh, phng php thit k v xu th pht trin ca cc h nhng

PGS. TSKH Phm Thng Ct
Vin Cng ngh Thng Tin-Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit nam
Tel : 04-8361445 ; E-mail:
ptcat@ioit.ncst.ac.vn
Cc h nhng rt a dng v c nhiu kch c, kh nng tnh ton khc nhau. V d i vi mt
b iu khin t xa ch cn ti tnh ton 100 KIPS v b nh vi KB, i vi thit b iu
khin cn tc 1MIPS, 1MB b nh v i vi cc h nhng qun s tc x l c th ln
n 1GIPS, tc truyn 1GB/sec v 32 MB b nh.

Ngoi ra cc h nhng thng phi hot ng trong mi trng khc nghit c nng m, rung
xc cao. V d cc h iu khin cc my diesel cho tu bin, cc thit b cnh bo chy n trong
hm l.
Cc h thng nhng ln thng l cc h ni mng. my bay, tu v tr thng c nhiu mng
nhng kt ni kim sot hot ng v iu khin. Trong t hin i c n trn 80 nt mng
kt ni cc u o c cu chp hnh bo m t hot ng an ton v thoi mi cho ngi s
dng.
Thit k cc h nhng:
Thit k cc h thng nhng l thit k phn cng v phn mm phi hp bao gm nhng bc
sau:
- M hnh ho h thng: M t cc khi chc nng vi cc c tnh v thut ton x l.
- Chi tit ho cc khi chc nng
- Phn b chc nng cho phn cng v mm (HW-SW)
- ng b hot ng ca h thng
- Ci t cc chc nng thit k vo phn cng (hardware) v phn mm (software) hoc phn
nho (firm-ware).
Cch thit k c in l cc chc nng phn mm (SW) v phn cng (HW) c xc nh trc
ri sau cc bc thit k chi tit c tin hnh mt cch c lp hai khi . Hin nay a s
cc h thng t ng ho thit k (CAD) thng dnh cho thit k phn cng. Cc h thng
nhng s dng ng thi nhiu cng ngh nh vi x l, DSP, mng v cc chun phi ghp,
protocol, do vy xu th thit k cc h nhng hin nay i hi c kh nng thay i mm do hn
trong qu trnh thit k 2 phn HW v SW. c c thit k cui cng ti u qu trnh thit k
SW v HW phi phi hp vi nhau cht ch v c th thay i sau mi ln th chc nng hot
ng tng hp
Thit k cc h nhng i hi kin thc a ngnh v in t, x l tn hiu, vi x l, thut iu
khin v lp trnh thi gian thc.
Xu hng pht trin ca cc h nhng:
Sau my tnh ln (mainframe), PC v Internet th h thng nhng ang l ln sng i mi th 3
trong cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng.
Xu hng pht trin ca cc h thng nhng hin nay l:
- Phn mm ngy cng chim t trng cao v tr thnh mt thnh phn cu to nn thit b
4

bnh ng nh cc phn c kh, linh kin in t, linh kin quang hc.

- Cc h nhng ngy cng phc tp hn p ng cc yu cu kht khe v thi gian thc, tiu t
nng lng v hot ng tin cy n nh hn.
- Cc h nhng ngy cng c mm do cao p ng cc yu cu nhanh chng a sn phm ra
thng trng, c kh nng bo tr t xa, c tnh c nhn cao.
- Cc h nhng ngy cng c kh nng hi thoi cao, c kh nng kt ni mng v hi thoi c
vi cc u o c cu chp hnh v vi ngi s dng,.
- Cc h nhng ngy cng c tnh thch nghi, t t chc cao c kh nng ti cu hnh nh mt
thc th, mt tc nhn.
- Cc h nhng ngy cng c kh nng tip nhn nng lng t nhiu ngun khc nhau (nh sng,
rung ng, in t trng, sinh hc.) to nn cc h thng t tip nhn nng lng trong
qu trnh hot ng.

Nhng thch thc v cc vn tn ti ca cc h nhng:

H thng nhng hin nay cn phi i mt vi cc vn sau:
- phc tp ca s lin kt a ngnh phi hp cng - mm.
phc tp ca h thng tng cao do n kt hp nhiu lnh vc a ngnh, kt hp phn cng mm, trong khi cc phng php thit k v kim tra cha chin mui. Khong cch gia l thuyt
v thc hnh ln v cn thiu cc phng php v l thuyt hon chnh cho kho st phn tch
ton cc cc h nhng.
- Thiu phng php tch hp ti u gia cc thnh phn to nn h nhng bao gm l thuyt
iu khin t ng, thit k my, cng ngh phn mm, in t, vi x l, cc cng ngh h tr
khc.
- Thch thc i vi tin cy v tnh m ca h thng: Do h thng nhng thng phi hi
thoi vi mi trng xung quanh nn nhiu khi gp nhng tnh hung khng c thit k trc
d dn n h thng b lon. Trong qu trnh hot ng mt s phn mm thng phi chnh li
v thay i nn h thng phn mm c th khng kim sot c. i vi h thng m, cc hng
th 3 a cc module mi, thnh phn mi vo cng c th gy nn s hot ng thiu tin cy

H thng nhng - Phn 3: Thi k hu PC (Post-PC Era) v cng

ngh vi h thng
02/11/2007
5

Sang thin nin k ny vi s khi u ca cuc cch

mng v cng ngh khng dy nh du mt thi i mi,
thi i hu PC. Thi i hu PC l s hi t ca mobile
phone, cc thit b tnh ton cm tay v cng ngh truyn
thng bng rng.

Thi k hu PC (Post-PC Era) v cng ngh vi h

thng SoC (System on Chip)
PGS. TSKH Phm Thng Ct
Vin Cng ngh Thng Tin-Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit nam
Tel : 04-8361445 ; E-mail:
ptcat@ioit.ncst.ac.vn
Internet hin nay ch yu l do PC kt ni mng to nn. Nhng thi i hu PCInternet (PostPC-Internet) l thi i ca tt c mi th quanh ta u c th kt ni Internet l t, mobile
phone, ti vi, t lnh, iu ho, lo vi sng, my PDA, my bn hang t ng, my rt tin t
ng
Thi k hu PC l thi k c nhng chuyn bin ln trong cng ngh l:
- Chip s chuyn t chip linh kin sang chip h thng c kh nng kt ni mng v phn mm
mnh.
- Chuyn dch t trng tm l PC sang trng tm l truyn thng v tnh ton chuyn ngnh.
- Trng tm thit k chuyn sang thit k cc sn phm tiu dng c kh nng kt ni khng dy,
hi thoi vi ngi dng theo ngn ng t nhin, ngn ng hnh nh v dng iu
- Gi tr dch v s chim t l ch cht so vi gi thnh thit b kt ni. Do cc chuyn bin ny
cc thit b nhng i hi phi c nhng dc tnh ni tri sau:
- Gi thnh sn phm r
- C kh nng ti cu hnh qua mng
- C tnh chuyn dng cao
- Tiu tn t nng lng
Nhng bc pht trin ln t cng ngh micro sang cng ngh nano v s kt hp vi cc h vi
c in, u o v c cu chp hnh sinh hc s to nn mt mi trng thng minh cho loi
ngi. Cc chip vi h thng (SoC) trong thi k hu PC s c ti 1000 vi x l v 100 MB
memory. Cc chip SoC ny s l nn tng ca cc sn phm c kh nng kt ni mng WANLAN khng dy cho cc dch v thng tin, gii tr, truyn thng, nh v bt c u, bt c thi
gian no cho tt c cng dn trn hnh tinh ny. Cc vt dng s c kh nng nhn, nghe, ni, c
cm xc v nhy bn thch nghi vi yu cu ca con ngi.
Th trng ca cc chip vi h thng (SoC) v cc chip vi h thng x l tn hiu hn hp (MSSOC: Mixed Signal System on Chip) ang pht trin mnh. Nm 2003 doanh s ca MS-SOC
khong 50 t USD so vi 350 t USD doanh s linh kin bn dn th d on n nm 2010
6

doanh s ca cc chip MS-SOC s ln n 800 t USD so vi doanh s 1000 t USD ca cc

chip bn dn.
Trc y cc h thng thng c thit k trn nn phn cng l PC v phn mm l Windows
hoc Linux, th ngy nay s lng cc h nn (platform) cho thit k cc h nhng khong 25 bao
gm: PalmOS, Java, Linux, Brew cn trong tng lai cc h nhng s c thit k trn cc
chip MS-SOC to nn cc platform thit k chuyn dng vi s lng s ln n hn 500 loi. Ta
c th lit k mt s v d in hnh nh platform Raptor II cho thit k camera s, PXA240 cho
thit k cc thit b PDA, TL850 cho TV s, BLUECORE cho cng ngh khng dy Bluetooth,
CDMA cho mobile phone 3G, Trueradio cho mng khng dy 802.llb+BTvv.
Cc h MS-SoC s c kh nng ti cu hnh v s l cng c ch cht cho cc sn phm c in
t.
Tuy nhin cc h thng nhng c thit k trn cc nn MS-SoC cng cn nhiu thch thc, tiu
biu l cha c phng php lun cho thit k ti u phi hp cng mm (HW/SW co-design).
Ngay c M cng cn t u t cho cc nghin cu v lnh vc ny. Cc cng ty phi t my
m to ra cch thit k ring ca mnh. Mt khc vic ph cp ton cu cc phng php v cng
ngh to chip i hi phi nng cp c s h tng nghin cu pht trin v kh nng hp tc. c
bit cn phi thc thi cc lut v bo v quyn tc gi v phn mm. Cc h MS-SoC cng cn
cn phi tip tc u t t c cng ngh hon ho, ti u cc chc nng hot ng, c gi
thnh r v tiu tn t nng lng.
Mi trng thng minh (Ambient Intelligent) :
Cng ngh bn dn pht trin mnh theo xu th ngy cng r, tch hp cao, c kh nng tnh ton
ln, kh nng kt ni ton cu, kh nng phi hp vi cc cm bin v c cu chp hnh vi c
in v sinh hc, kh nng giao din khng qua bn phm ang to tin v c s cho s bng
n ca cc thit b vt dng thng minh xung quanh con ngi v y l s khi u ca thi i
hu PC- mi trng thng minh.
Cc phn mm nhng trong cc chip vi h thng ny rt phong ph v c mm do, ti s
dng cao.
Sc y ca cng ngh s a cng ngh vi in t tip cn v cng nng vi cng ngh sinh hc
to nn cng ngh nano vi phc tp giga vo thp nin 2010-2020. Cc chip vi h thng MSSoC vo giai on ny s c trn 2 t transistor, 1000 li CPU, 100MB b nh v hot ng tn
s 200GHz.
Vi nhng vi h thng c kh nng tnh ton siu hng ny vic thit k cc h nhng s gp
khng t thch thc. Vn th nht l vn x l song song. Vi tc x l nhanh cc thit
k tip cn n tc ca cc mch tng t nn i hi cu trc mng v chng trnh dch phi
x l c cc qu trnh song song trong ch thi gian thc. Cc phng php v cu trc
thit k FPGA v ASIC hin nay s khng ph hp m n ang thay i tin ti phng php
thit k theo cc cng ngh vi h thng nn (SoC platform based design). Vn th 2 l phc
7

tp ca phn mm nhng. Vic pht trin c cc phn mm nhng cho cc thit b thng minh
giai on hu PC c nhiu thch thc do phc tp ca s phi hp cng mm trn nn cc vi
h thng x l hn hp chuyn dng. Kh nng to ra cc IP (Interlectual Property) c tnh
chuyn i cho nhiu ng dng vi a dng giao din, th tc (protocols) cng l nhng vn
cn phi u t. Phm Thng Ct: H thng nhng v s pht triwrn ca cng ngh thng tin
Page 7 of 10
Vn th 3 l vn cung cp nng lng cho cc thit b cm tay. Trong tng lai nng lng
cho truyn d liu s ln gp t 5 n 30 ln nng lng hot ng ca cc CPU. S phi hp
cha hi ho gia nghin cu o to, cng nghip t ng thit k chip (EDA) v cc nh sn
xut dn n hiu qu thp v thi gian chim lnh th trng chm ca cc sn phm nhng.
khc phc cc vn ny cn i mi c cu nghin cu o to phi hp Vin, Trng vi sn
xut cng nghip. Cn thc y cc nghin cu v h thng m lin kt a ngnh c th to ra
cc sn phm mi trn nn tng ca ngnh cng nghip thit k t ng chip (EDA) v cc kinh
nghim thu nhn c t cc bi hc thc tin ca thit k h thng. Cn lu l phi c con
ngi v phng php nghin cu trc khi mua sm cc cng c v phng tin cho nghin
cu.

H thng nhng - Phn 4: Cc h iu hnh nhng v phn mm

nhng
02/11/2007
Khc vi PC thng chy trn nn h iu hnh Windows hoc UNIX, cc
h thng nhng c cc h iu hnh nhng ring ca mnh. Cc h iu hnh
dng trong cc h nhng ni tri hin nay bao gm Embedded Linux,
VxWorks, Win CE, Lynyos, BSD, Green Hills, QNX v DOS.

Thi k hu PC (Post-PC Era) v cng ngh vi h thng SoC (System on Chip)

PGS. TSKH Phm Thng Ct
Vin Cng ngh Thng Tin-Vin Khoa hc v Cng ngh Vit nam
Tel : 04-8361445 ; E-mail:
ptcat@ioit.ncst.ac.vn

Embedded Linux hin ang pht trin mnh v chim v tr s 1. Hin nay 40% cc nh thit k
cc h nhng cn nhc u tin s dng Embedded Linux cho cc ng dng mi ca mnh v sau
mi n cc h iu hnh nhng truyn thng nhu VxWorks, Win CE. Cc i th cnh tranh
ca Embedded Linux hin nay l cc h iu hnh nhng t to v Windows CE.

S d Embedded Linux c s pht trin vt bc l do c sc hp dn i vi cc ng dng

khng i hi thi gian thc nh set-top, cc h server nhng, cc ng dng gi thnh thp v i
hi thi gian a sn phm ra th trng nhanh. Mt khc Linux l phn mm m ngun m nn
bt k ai cng c th hiu v thay i theo mnh. Linux cng l mt h iu hnh c cu trc
module v chim t b nh trong khi Windows khng c cc c tnh u vit ny.
Bn cnh cc u im trn th Embedded Linux cng c cc nhc im sau:
- Embedded Linux khng phi l h iu hnh thi gian thc nn c th khng ph hp vi mt
s ng dng nh iu khin qu trnh, cc ng dng c cc yu cu x l khn cp.
- Embedded Linux thiu mt chun thng nht v khng phi l sn phm ca mt nh cung cp
duy nht nn kh nng h tr k thut t.

Do th trng ca cc sn phm nhng tng mnh nn cc nh sn xut ngy cng s dng cc h

iu hnh nhng bo m sn phm c sc cnh tranh v Embedded Linux ang l sn phm
h iu hnh nhng c uy tn chim v tr s 1 trong nhng nm ti. Phn mm nhng (Embedded
Software): Phn mm nhng l phn mm to nn phn hn, phn tr tu ca cc sn phm
nhng. Phn mm nhng ngy cng c t l gi tr cao trong gi tr ca cc sn phm nhng.
Hin nay phn ln cc phn mm nhng nm trong cc sn phm truyn thng v cc sn phm
in t tiu dng (consumer electronics), tip n l trong cc sn phm t, phng tin vn
chuyn, my mc thit b y t, cc thit b nng lng, cc thit b cnh bo bo v v cc sn
phm o v iu khin.
c th tn ti v pht trin, cc sn phm cng nghip v tiu dng cn phi thng xuyn i
mi v ngy cng c nhiu chc nng tin dng v thng minh hn. Cc chc nng ny phn ln
do cc chng trnh nhng to nn. Phn mm nhng l mt lnh vc cng ngh then cht cho s
pht trin kinh t ca nhiu quc gia trn th gii nh Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Phn Lan v Trung
quc. Ti M c nhiu chng trnh h tr ca Nh nc pht trin cc h thng v phn mm
nhng. Hn Quc c nhng d n ln nhm pht trin cng ngh phn mm nhng nh cc thit
9

b gia dng ni mng Internet, h thng phn mm nhng cho pht trin thnh ph thng minh,
d n pht trin ngnh cng nghip phn mm nhng, trung tm h tr cc ngnh cng nghip
hu PC..vv. Hn Quc cng chp nhn Embedded Linux nh mt h iu hnh ch cht trong
vic pht trin cc sn phm nhng ca mnh. Thu in coi pht trin cc h nhng c tm quan
trng chin lc cho s pht trin ca t nc. Phn Lan c nhng chnh sch quc gia tch cc
cho nghin cu pht trin cc h nhng c bit l cc phn mm nhng. Nhng quc gia ny cn
thnh lp nhiu vin nghin cu v trung tm pht trin cc h nhng.
5. Kt lun:
Mt thc t khch quan l chng ta mi nhn thy b ni ca cng ngh thng tin cn phn chm
ca cng ngh thng tin chim hn 99% s processor trn ton cu ny nm trong cc h nhng
th cn t c bit n. Trong khi cng ngh thng tin v vin thng trn th gii li ang
bc vo thi i hu PC - thi i ca cc thit b, h thng nhng thng minh cao.
S hi t ca cng ngh truyn thng khng dy bng rng vi thit b tnh ton cm tay ang
a cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng sang mt thi i mi - thi i ca mi trng thng
minh. Sc y ca cng ngh a cng ngh vi in t, cc cng ngh vi c in, cng ngh sinh
hc hi t to nn cc chip ca cng ngh nano, l nn tng cho nhng thay i c bn trong
cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng. Sc ko ca th trng i hi cc thit b phi c nhiu
chc nng thn thin vi ngi dng, c mc thng minh ngy cng ci thin a n vai tr
v tm quan trng ca cc h thng nhng ngy cng cao trong nn kinh t quc dn.
Pht trin cc h nhng v phn mm nhng l quc sch ca nhiu quc gia trn th gii, nht l
vo giai on hu PC hin nay.
Chnh ph, cc ngnh cng nghip, cc vin nghin cu, trng i hc ca Vit Nam nn nhn
nhn li chin lc pht trin cng ngh thng tin v truyn thng ca mnh v c nhng iu
chnh ph hp c th theo kp, rt ngn khong cch tt hu trong lnh vc cng ngh thng
tin v truyn thng i vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii trong qu trnh hi nhp nn
kinh t ton cu khng th trnh khi hin nay.
Ti liu tham kho:
[1] Hans Hansson Embedded Systems and the Futute of Swedish IT-research
http://www.artes.uu.se/reports/Embedded-IT-000427.pdf
[2] Paul Caspi Embedded Control: From Asynchrony to Synchrony and Back Verimag-CRNS:
http://www.verimag.imag.fr/
[3] Mark McDemott The Trends of Mixed Signal SOCs University of Texas at Austin:
http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~mcdermot/
[4] Heonshick Sin Embedded Software Research and Development in Korea Real-Time in

10

Sweden 2003 Conference RTiS03, August 18, 2003.

[5] Stephen A. Edwards Design Language for Embedded Systems Computer Science Technical
Report CUCS-009-03, Columbia University 2003.

11