Energy Transport

Course: Transport Phenomena

CE-506

Reference book (s)

Transport Phenomena by R. Byron Bird,

Second Edition, 2002

Shell Energy Balance (Forced

Convection)

Energy flux in r and z directions

Velocity component vz only (vr, v = 0)

Volume of washer =

2 r r z

Equation for velocity profile for flow through circular tube

Energy balance over a washer shaped shell

Summing net energies and dividing by 2r z we get

Applying limit as r and z go to zero

Combined energy flux vectors in both r and z directions are given as

Putting ez and er in energy balance we get

T
Neglecting
z 2

Neglecting second term (viscous heating)

Neglecting last bracket (equation of motion, z component as shown below)

(conduction in axial direction)

Converting the problem into dimensionless form by using the following

dimensionless quantities

The equation of energy balance becomes

Free Convection

 Energy balance over a thin slab of thickness y is

given as
ey-ey+y = 0
The y-component of combined energy flux vector (ey)

is given as

Neglecting first term (vy=0)

Neglecting second term due to viscous heating i.e.

 The energy balance then leads to the equation

The boundary conditions are as follows

Applying B.C.s give

The momentum balance equation over the same slab is

given as

as T = T2 T1 is taken to be small in this problem,

so the density changes will be small.

Expanding in a Taylor series about the temperature

as,

Velocity profile becomes,

Inserting the temperature profile in the above equation we get

Applying boundary conditions as,

Net mass flow in z direction is zero i.e.

Substitution of vz , and

into this integral leads to the conclusion that

(terms containing T2 are
neglected)

The above equation states that the pressure gradient in the system is only due to
the weight of the fluid. The second term in the right side of the velocity profile
equation drops out

Average velocity of upward moving fluid is given as

Introducing dimensionless quantities as

and

Where,

(Gr=Grashof number, = 1 2)