59839944-Corporate-English PDF

UPKARS
[ A Unique Book for Management,

Engineering, Computer Professionals etc. ]
By
Sunil Ranjan
UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA2
Publishers
Publishers
UPKAR PRAKASHAN
2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA282 002
Phone : 2530966, 2531101, 3208693, 3208694
Fax : (0562) 2531940
E-mail : info@upkarprakashan.com
Website : www.upkarprakashan.com
Branch Office
4840/24, Govind Lane, Ansari Road,
Daryaganj, New Delhi110 002
Phone : 23251844, 23251866
The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet if
any mistake has crept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same.
This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by
Photographic, Mechanical, or any other method, for any use, without written
permission from the Publishers.
Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute.
Price : Rs. 75/(Rs. Seventy Five Only)

Code No. 416
Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA
Acknowledgements
Thank you Anu my companion throughout, for occasionally sitting
through my writing with your sweet smile and cups of milk and tea.
Thank you my sweet daughters Shy and Neha who laughed and
continued to entertain me through my writing with their sweet, naughty
and often miraculously thought-provoking questions.
Thank you all my friends from different professions, either in
academics or in the corporate world. Your observation propelled new
thoughts in me. Often your tips and pragmatic attitude towards managing
things impressed me, and I felt greatly aided in writing a book of this kind.
Thank you Shri Mahendra Jain for being encouraging all through, and
taking an active interest in getting across to readers a unique and friendly
book like this.
Introduction
The language of the corporate world is different from what we speak in our dayto-day l ife. Sometimes a few words communicate the message quite effectively.
Communication is also possible through body language.
But when a good gesture is blended with relevant words,
communication is impressive.
What matters in the corporate world is the flow and
continuity in what you say. The sentences given in the
book set your mood for the spontaneous flow of English
language in different situations. An idea can be expressed
in different ways. The need is to have the knowledge of
various sentence structures. Read every sentence a
number of times until you feel comfortable and confident
enough while speaking it naturally. Also, see for yourself whether you can use the
same expression for other situations. Read aloud the sentences given in the book.
The vibration of sound has a deep impact on your mind and you begin to pick up the
colour of the language in its natural spirit.
Have a dynamically positive mindset while reading the book and practising the
different sentence structures. Keep thinking of the challenging opportunities coming
your way. Brainstorm ideas. Act upon what you feel you need to do. Stay upbeat and
ambitious, and put your energy wholeheartedly in what you plan to do. Feel
energetic and happy about your career. That will take the tension off your head and
you will move with added enthusiasm and vigour.
With best wishes.
Sunil Ranjan
Contents
Corporate English
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Corporate Culture
Specific Occasions
Situational Expressions
Corporate Language
Language : Flow and Continuity.
Multiple Expressions.
Phrasal Verbs
Idiomatic Temper.
Discourse Markers
Over the Telephone.
Contextual English.
Office Work
Business Operations.
Investment
Sales
Marketing
Salary
Committee.
Money.
Job
Problems
Mail, Phone, Cell phone, E-mail and Fax
35
69
1012
1321
2229
3037
3843
4450
5162
6366
6796
67
69
71
73
75
77
80
82
85
87
91
Personality Dynamics
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Personality Dynamics 99105

The Philosophy of Work 106107
Accept Challenges 108112
Time Management 113117
Conversational Skills. 118120
Public Speaking 121124
Dress Sense & Grooming.. 125127
Corporate Etiquette.128131
Dare to take Risk. 132132
Continental Dining Manners133135
Tips to Stay Ahead.. 136136
2 | Corporate English
Corporate
English
Corporate English | 3
Corporate
Culture
Corporate culture refers to the

personality of a company. It is a
system of shared values and beliefs
that interact with a companys people, organizational structures and
control system to produce behavioural norms. Professionalism is its
hallmark, and time, its compulsion.
With an eye on quality control and
achieving the target within a planned
timeframe the mechanism is geared
to produce results. Every company
develops its own style of setting priorities and functioning. The working
environment in the corporate world
is highly charged with speed, quality

and accuracy. The system is work
and result oriented. The cut-throat
competition
in corporate sector
prompts companies to manage their
manpower effectively to achieve the
maximum in the minimum possible
time.
Communication plays a vital role
in the functioning of an organization.
The better the communication, the
brighter the future prospects. The
language used in the corporate
sector has its own distinct colour
that sets it apart from the language
spoken in day-to-day life. Words

sound a little different and carry a
different appeal. Mood is set to a
different surrounding. Certain technical words communicate the message much faster. Corporate language
has its own terminology and often a
few words are enough to communicate the message.
Lifestyle in corporate world has a
few common factors such as punctuality, proper dress sense, discipline,
work and result orientation, and
business etiquette. In some companies certain codified manners have to
be observed. The language of communication is usually a mix of the
local language and English. A company operating in Chennai has the
mix of English and Tamil whereas
the one operating in Hyderabad has
the blend of Telugu and English.
English has begun to show its importance, as multinational companies
have begun to set their foot on the
Indian soil.
In business world, fluency of
expression is necessary. Professional
expertise needs to be combined with
effective communication. People
around begin to judge you from your
way of speaking and the words you
use. With you tone and accent you
may impress your way up the career
ladder. In corporate world you need
to have a dynamic personality to get
things done and achieve the set
objective. A sound knowledge of

current national and international
affairs makes you feel comfortable
with your colleagues and clients. It
makes you feel having an edge over
them. Personal magnetism is necessary for success in corporate world.
At the top and middle level
English has virtually been accepted
as the language of business communication. In business you have to
move with remarkable speed and
accuracy. Along with work, your
language should be smart and effective enough to communicate faster.
When you are moving with your boss
or your colleagues, your interaction
needs to be energetic and full of
enthusiasm. When you have to dine
out or arrange a business meeting, it
is your professional etiquette blended
with a natural and easy flow of
words that sets the ambience and
mood. Straight and to-the-point expressions appeal and do the job. You
come across vibrant and highly motivated workforce. The current of
technologically driven life flows all
around.
The company may send you
overseas on important business
assignments. Unless you are dynamic you will not be able get on well
with the task assigned to you. Your
vocabulary should be good enough to
express your views. You should be
infused with a sense of achievement
and fluent in talking while dealing

with your clients. Business sense
should be your top priority as that is
what you are paid for and sent on
such an important mission. You have
to convey maximum in the minimum
possible time. That is the essence of
management. A winning attitude
should guide all your actions.
let you down. Brush with realities is

necessary to sense the pulse of the
fast changing modern technology
oriented society.
In corporate life you may have to

receive guests, draft letters, make
national and international calls.
Unless you practise handling them,
you will not be able to develop the
professional temper that is essential
Various essentials of language
in business life. Avail of every
such as phrasal verbs, idiomatic
opportunity that comes your way to
expressions add colour to your dealdeal with different levels of people.
ing and at the same time carry a
Enjoy the variety that business-life
general impression about your comoffers you.
pany. Your companys image begins
You move up the corporate
to show through your behaviour. If
you execute the task well, better ladders of success if you have
future prospects open to you. You dynamism, enthusiasm and a highly
are given more important assign- positive outlook on life. Examine your
ments in future and doors of prospe- strengths and weaknesses. Take
rity open to you. You carry a hand- steps immediately to over-come your
some pay package and enjoy the shortcomings, and be ever eager to
luxury of life. Stay positive and think learn and grow. Think intelligently
dynamically with an eye on quality in along the line of achievement and
your work. Promotion and prosperity growth. Visualize a bright and proscome running to dynamic and talen- perous future, backed by strong
ted people. Develop your professio- determination and willingness; act
nal skill as the competitiveness of whole heartedly to realize your potencorporate life many a time tends to tial and get ahead of others.
Specific
Occasions
Introductions
Note : How do you do? is not a

question, and the normal reply is
Ramesh, do you know Simran? How do you do ?
Simran, this is my friend Ramesh.
Seema, I dont think youve met
Farzana.
Greetings
When you meet people (formal) :
I dont think you two know each

other, do you ?
Good morning !
When people are introduced, they

usually say :
Good evening !
How do you do ? (formal)

Hello or Hi (very informal),
Americans often say How are you ?
Good afternoon !
When you meet people (informal) :

Hello !
Hi ! (very informal)
When you leave people :

Good morning !
Good afternoon !
Good evening !
Good night !(formal)
Good bye ! (less formal)
Bye ! (informal)
Bye-bye ! (often used to and by
children)
See you ! (informal)
See you later / tomorrow / next
week / etc. (informal)
Cheers ! (informal - British only)
Take care ! (informal)
It was nice to meet you.
Note : Goodnight is used only
when leaving people, not when meeting them.
Formal answers :
Very well, thank you. And you ?
Fine, thank you.
Informal answers :
Fine/Great, thanks.
Not too bad.
Pulling on.
OK.
So - so.
All right.
(It) Could be worse.
Special greetings
Happy birthday !
Many happy returns !
Happy New Year !
Happy Holi !
Happy Diwali !
When you ask about

health, etc.
When you meet people you know,
you often ask politely about their
health or their general situation :
How are you ?
How are things ?
Hows things ? (very informal)
Hows it going ? (informal)
How (are) you doing ? (especially
American)
Happy Id !
Happy/Merry Christmas !
Small talk
Nice day, isnt it ?
Lovely.
Quite a cool evening , isnt it ?
Sure.
Getting peoples
attention
Excuse me !
I beg your pardon !

Yes please !
Asking for things

Could you lend me your pen ?
Would you mind helping me for a
few minutes ?
You had better go now.
You are kindly requested not to
smoke.
Carry this for me, please.
Please answer by return post.
Offers and Replies

Offers :
Would you like to have coffee ?
Can/May I get/offer you a lift ?
Replies :
When you ask people to

repeat
Sorry ?
What ? ( informal )
I beg your pardon ?
Pardon me ? (USA)
Journey etc.
Have a good trip !
Have a good journey !
Safe journey home.
Did you have a good journey/trip/
flight ?
How was the journey/trip/flight ?
If somebody is leaving for

an evening out or some kind
of pleasant event, you may
say :
Have a good time !
Yes, please.
Enjoy yourself !
No thank you.
Enjoy !
Id love to.
Good luck !
Thats very kind/nice of you.
When you apologise

Excuse me. Could I get past ?
Have a good time !

Did you have a good holiday ?
Meals
There are no fixed expressions

for the beginnings and ends of
Excuse me, could you tell me the meals. Some complimentary expressway to the station ?
ions about the food during the meal
I beg your pardon. I didnt realize are quite common.
this was your seat.
This is very nice.
Oh sorry, did I step on your foot?
That was lovely/delicious; thank

you very much.
Enjoy your meal.
Drinking
When people begin drinking alcoholic drinks socially, they often raise
their glasses and say something.
Cheers !
Invitations and visits

Would you like to.......?
Possible formal replies :

Thank you very much.
That would be very nice.
Sorry.
Im afraid Im not free.
Your health !
Heres to Radheshyam.
When you want to thank
Heres to the new job !

Heres to the happy couple !
When you send good

wishes
Thank you very much.

Thanks (a lot).
Oh , thank you so much !
Thats very kind/nice of you !
Give my best wishes/regards/

Replies :
greetings/love to Reena.
Not at all.
Remember me to Sanjay.
Say hello to Preety for me. (USA)
Firoz sends his best wishes/
regards etc.
When you sympathise

I was very /terribly/extremely
sorry to hear about ......
Please accept my deepest sympathy.
Dont mention it.

Thats OK.
Youre welcome.
Thats (quite) all right.
My pleasure.
Note : People do not always reply
to thanks, especially thanks for small
things.
Situational
Expressions
When you meet and

introduce
Hello !
Hi !
Good morning ! (before 12 noon)
Morning ! (casually)
Hello ! She is Aparna Gupta. She

is a business executive here.
Hello ! Have you met our new
sales representative Mr. Prakash
Tripathi ?
When you take leave
Good evening ! (after 6 p.m.)
See you.
See you later.
See you soon.
Hello ! Pleased to meet you.
Good bye.
Hello ! Myself Govind Arya.
Take care.
Good afternoon ! (12 noon to 6

p.m.)
Hello ! Im Govind Khurana. I am

a senior manager here.
I must go now.
It was nice meeting you.
Id better be going.
I doubt it.
It was nice talking to you.
I have my doubts.
Ive got to go.
Im sorry.
Im afraid I have to leave.

See you tomorrow/next week,
etc.
When you have to say

yes
Definitely.
Of course.
Thats right.
Yeah.
I think so.
Probably.
Oh yes.
Sure sure.
I guess so.
I think so.
When you have to say

no
Definitely not.
Of course not.
Not at all.
When you apologize

(saying sorry)
In formal situations (especially in
writing), we often use apologize and
apology.
I must apologize for coming late.
She apologized to the members
for the delay.
Why dont you apologize to him ?
Please accept my apologies for
not keeping the appointment.
Im sorry. It was my fault.
I beg your pardon.
Im very/terribly/awfully sorry.
Oh, Im so sorry !
Im sorry. It was all my doing.
Im really sorry to keep you
waiting so long.
When you make excuses

and promises
No way.
Not possible.
Not really.
Im afraid not.
I dont think so.
Probably not.
Sorry for disturbing you but I

cant help.
Im sorry Im late, but I was held
up/delayed in the heavy traffic.
Im sorry about the mess in here.
Dont worry. Ill clear it up.
Im so sorry about the confusion!

But I'll sort it out.
No problem.
Im sorry I didnt inform you

before the flight took off for Chicago
Ill manage.
When you reassure

people
Im sorry I kept you waiting so
long !
Oh sorry , you had to wait !
Reply (when you reassure) :
Dont worry.
When you thank

Oh, thank you.
Oh, thank you so much for doing
me kind favour.
Thanks a lot/very much.
Thank you for taking so much
interest in our product.
Thats OK.
Oh, thank you.
Dont worry.
Thats very kind of you.
Never mind.
Youve been very kind.
It doesnt matter.
Thats OK.
Oh, thank you for managing the

affairs.
Corporate
Language
Corporate Language 1
6. We acknowledge receipt of your

letter.
1. We have enclosed a cheque for

40 thousand rupees.
7. I called him back so that I could

confirm one or two details.
2. This is an urgent document.

Send it by courier instead of by
mail.
8. The consignment was delivered

while you were very busy.
3. Remember to put the zip code

on a letter to the USA.
4. Have you put the post code on
the letter to the UK ?
9. Call her urgently if you have

anything to report.
10. The goods were repacked so
quickly that they had no time to
inspect them.
5. If you sign a letter on someone 11. We want to confirm one or two

details. That is why we have
elses behalf, add the letters P.P.
called them back.
before the other persons name.
12. The consignment will be delivered next Monday. During that

time well be very busy.
13. The car did not sell so well as
they had expected. Consequently
they had to stop its production.
14. We have computerized the whole
procedure so as to save time and
money.
15. Never sign a letter before you
have read it through.
6. In spite of the fog at the airport,

our plane landed safely.
7. Check their order again.
8. The reason why Mani sent me a
fax was to give me the information at once.
9. Because your letter to us and
our letter to you were both
posted yesterday, the letters
crossed in the post.
16. I often choose to write although 10. The new team is trying to
modernize the companys image.
a phone call is quicker.
17. Megha usually telephones in 11. I am sending you our latest catalogue, as you requested, and I
order to save time.
feel sure it contains plenty to
18. Please check his in-tray while
interest you.
she is away at the conference.
19. I shall be able to confirm this 12. Can I draw your attention to our
new range of water purifiers ?
after I have checked our stock
position.
13. Please contact me personally as
soon as possible.
20. Let me consult my works manager first.
14. You can reach me by telephone
1. Please reply at once so that we
can order the supplies we need.
at any time this afternoon.

15. Our office hours are 9.30 to 5.
You can leave a message for me
to call you back if necessary.
16. Thank you very much for your

letter and the enclosed literature, which we received on
3. There was some mistake in hotel
Friday 27 June.
booking.
2. Your order has arrived late, still
we will try to supply the goods.
4. So that he could earn more 17. Thank you very much for the
order.
money, Mona applied for a job
abroad.
18. Our prices have risen since you
placed an order with us two
5. The package is very heavy-you
weeks ago.
cant lift it alone.
19. You will be pleased to hear that 12. Please enclose the payment with
your order.
we will supply your current
order at the old price.
13. If I call you before 5 pm, will
you still be in your office ?
20. I enclose our new catalogue and
price lists, which contain several 14. They are going to ask the boss
exciting new products and our
for a rise and thats definite.
latest prices.
15. The letter you were waiting for
has arrived at last.
1. There has been a gradual rise in

sales this year.
2. Loan is the money you borrow
from a bank for your business.
3. You have to pay interest if you
borrow money.
16. It wasnt done intentionally, it

happened accidentally.
17. The phone is ringing. Why dont
you pick up the receiver ?
18. Im afraid Sakshi isnt available
at the moment. Can you call back
later ?
19. Can you look up her number in

4. Fortunately our company is
the directory, please ?
doing well now and its growing
20. Im afraid Mr. Pasrichas with a
very quickly.
client, shall I put you through to
5. Prices have gone up by 10%.
his secretary ?
6. There had been a dramatic rise
in inflation last year.
7. If a company does not make a
profit or loss, it breaks even.
8. Maruti is the market leader in
the Indian car industry.
9. Maruti has been working very
hard in recent years to maintain
its market share.
10. Do you know Hero Hondas
approximate market share ?
11. The image of a product/ company is very important in sales
and marketing.
1. Hello? Are you still there? I think
we were cut off for a moment
(on phone).
2. Mr. Ambani never seems to be
in his office. Ive been trying to
get through to him all morning.
3. Could you hold on for a moment?
Ill just find out for you.
4. Im sorry Ive dialled the wrong
number.
5. Just listen to me before you
hang up (on phone).
6. Are you through ? means Is

your call over ?
7. File the documents here and
send the copies to head office.
8. She lives in Kolkata but spends
every other week in Maryland,
USA.
9. While Pranay is looking for
accommodation, hes staying
with them.
10. The market outlook for India is
getting better.
11. I realize that their product costs
less than ours.
12. Normally Ms. Das calls back
straight away.
13. Next week shes assisting the
Personnel Director with the
interviews.
14. Just look up her number in the
phone book.
1. They may have notified her
before the invoice arrived.
2. They have enlarged the premises
since his last visit.
3. They produce the components at
their Noida factory.
4. They have installed fax machine
in their office.
5. They will make further modifications to this service to other
customers.
6. Even ordinary office staff can
easily operate the systems.
7. The new software can be mastered easily in a couple of days.
8. Using better trained staff has
achieved increased productivity.
9. They now send out invoices a
week earlier.
15. Unfortunately, we were obliged 10. Anita wishes she had not had to
take the place of the Sales Manato sell the goods at a loss.
ger in Wipro.
16. There are at least ten good rea11. The newly restructured company
sons why she shouldnt do that.
had a good year.
17. Youre making up the order this
12. Production facilities have been
week, I gather.
improved lately.
18. They always deliver the goods
13. The success of the company is
promptly, I believe.
connected to the change in the
19. We enclose payment together
business climate.
with our order.
14. Of late Relaxo have expanded
20. They must receive the delivery
the number of new designs of
by Friday.
shoes.
15. We are likely to do less well in

Germany in the future than we
have this year.
16. A a special favour, we can supply
the goods at cost price.
17. Please reply at once by fax/
e-mail.
8. While she was having lunch, Mr.

Singh called.
9. She used to work in Lucknow,
but then she moved to Varanasi.
10. In 2000 he joined Bharti Group
as a computer engineer.
11. Travelling abroad is sometimes

exhausting.
18. We have booked a hall/room at
the Taj Hotel for the 20th Nov.
12. Arriving in a new city can be
19. Weve yet to sign the contract
with LG.
20. Ive invited Subhash Chandra
over for lunch to talk about the
new site plans in Gurgaon.
exciting.
13. Getting from the airport to the
city is easy.
14. Im looking forward to visiting
the USA next summer.
15. I cant get used to living in a
different time zone.
1. We dispatched the shipment as 16. Theres no hurry, you can let us

know by letter.
requested.
17. Please return the goods and they
2. They interviewed Smriti Kataria
will be repaired at our expense.
for the job, but she didnt get it.
18. Living in hotels can be lonely.
3. Because Khaitan Group did a lot
19. Make sure you have confirmed
of advertising, they sold a lot of
your reservation by evening
products last year.
flight.
4. Have you been to the interna20. Hes trying to give up smoking.
tional trade fair yet ?
5. Did you see anything worth buying ?
6. Mr.Upadhyaya has travelled all

over the world, but now hes working for our office in Brussels.
1. She avoids going by car on business.
7. Ive been trying to get through to

personnel department all morning.
2. She dislikes having to wait in

airport lounges.
3. I always enjoy trying unusual
foreign food.
4. I cant afford to stay at the 18. Our leaflet describes our new
product.
Oberoi.
5. I didnt mean to hurt her.
6. He began to make/making enquiries.
19. They plan to launch a few new

products shortly.
20. The average consumer is unaware of marketing.

7. I hate to sit/sitting alone in
restaurants.
8. I want to be early enough to be
sure of getting a good seat on
the train.
9. She was very annoyed to find
out that customs formalities took
so long. I am looking forward to
having a drink, a shower and a
rest.
10. Would you like to spend the
evening with me and my family ?
11. Theres a disco in the hotel. The
music started playing at 10 pm
and it stopped me sleeping/
getting to sleep till 2 am.
12. It was very kind of you to see/
invite me.
13. Would you like me to give you a
lift to the station in my car ?
1. We have put up our new poster

on the wall outside.
2. Pepsi and Coca Cola are both
famous trademarks.
3. Weve been placing our advertisements in the electronic media.
4. Our product compares very
well with nationally advertised
brands.
5. The machine is exactly the
same, but the case is a completely new design.
6. Our products sell best in the
Northern region.
7. I saw the product advertised in
a fashion magazine.
14. Weve agreed to meet in the

hotel lobby at 7 oclock.
8. Demand for many products may

fluctuate according to the season.
15. The 6.30 am train is too early

for me to catch.
9. I think she subscribes to The

Economic Times.
16. We will certainly supply you with

these goods at a good price.
10. We need not waste money on

radio commercials.
17. The goods will be collected from

the airport by our agent.
11. We had better withdraw from

our contract.
12. We believe our product is superior to theirs.

13. I would love to share some of
this work with you.
14. Ill take over from you if you
need a break.
7. This information is interesting.

8. Meetings
agenda.
have
to
have
an
9. The trouble with large meetings

is that they go on for a longer
time than small ones.
15. Consumers must be fully aware 10. You seem to be more interested
of the features and benefits of a
in sport than in business.
product.
11. Could you give me some infor16. I hope your office is at my dismation about the venue of the
posal while I am here.
meeting ?
17. Please send the papers to us by 12. I dont enjoy talking on the
return of post/mail.
phone, rather I prefer to send
18. She has some proposal to make.
an e-mail or write a letter.
19. The chairperson led the discussion.
13. Switch the machine on by

pressing this key.
20. A majority have voted in favour

of flexible working hours.
14. Im sorry, could you explain that

part again ?
15. Make sure you remember to put

the switch off after you are
finished with your work.
1. We have to see that the motion

16. We cant say anything as the
is passed at the meeting to
talks are still in progress. We
approve the plans.
have to request payment in
2. What was the outcome of the
advance for all orders under
meeting anyway ?
20,000 rupees.
3. Most of the members attended
17. Please treat this information in
the meeting.
confidence until the entire
4. No one voted againstthe decioperation is over.
sion was unanimously taken.
18. Tanya may finish it by tonight.
5. Rahul Ganguly addressed the
19. Things change, she might even
meeting on Ms. Rais behalf.
lose her job.
6. Thank you very much, ladies and
gentlemen. I think that conclu- 20. It can be possible if I personally
go there.
des our meeting.
15. We need a fully automated assembly line if we want to compete

on the world market.
1. That could be one reason why
they separated.
16. Were not able to help you this
time.
2. You could ask them to help, I
suppose.
17. Amrendra has been in charge of
our Nasik sales office since last
3. They might change their decision
year.
at the last moment.
4. May I walk around and get to
know things.
5. Couldnt you ask them to report

strictly on time ?
1. Your suggestion sounds great,

Ill try it.
6. One must learn to remain calm

under pressure.
2. Im not sure thats such a good

idea.
7. Youll have to spend a lot of

money if you want to buy an
American machine.
3. Well send you a sample of our

product.
8. Youve got to concentrate very

hard if you want to finish the
work early.
4. We must do something to boost

our sales.
5. Have you noticed the latest
trend towards ordering later ?
9. Shouldnt we call a meeting to

discuss the problem ?
6. There is an enormous market for

Japanese cameras worldwide.
10. Oughtnt we to phone for the

doctor ?
7. I anticipate high volume of sales

in that region.
11. Someone ought to do something

about it.
8. A great deal of goodwill needs to

be built up first.
12. We are considering changing

some outdated machines.
9. The TV report gave us a lot of

good publicity.
13. I think it is right for the company to pay more for overtime.
10. Gone are the days of monopoly

of one company in any particular
industry.
14. Its not right for regular customers to wait for their service 11. They have unexpectedly increased their profits.
visits.
12. The corporate headquarters recently moved from Jabalpur to

Pune.
13. They have always rewarded good
work.
14. The order book is currently
stagnating.
15. The customer delivered the
cargo punctually.
17. They check

weekly.
their inventory
18. The MD has just announced the

export team for the Berlin
project.
19. Do you think the company will
ever get an order from France ?
20. If you follow the correct procedure you will hardly ever have
16. We would have certainly accepa break-down.
ted the offer.
Language :
Flow &
Continuity
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 1
6. She said she didnt feel cooking

that night and suggested getting
a takeaway.
1. She usually stays in when it

rains hard.
7. Lets go for a movie tonight. How

about Chicago ?
2. I like watching TV when I have

nothing important to do.
8. It was her birthday, so we went

out to dinner at The Oberoi.
3. Do you like listening to western

music, especially the country
numbers ?
9. I know well you havent been to

the cinema for ages.
10. I am going swimming. Are you

coming along ?
4. Megha is down in her room play11. What about going clubbing toing computer games.
night ?
5. Rachna spends a lot of her free
time reading science fiction 12. They have gone shopping in
novels.
Linking Road.
13. I go for a run every morning

with my friends.
7. When I am free I usually hang

out with my friends.
14. Do you walk your dog every

morning?
8. I have started learning French,

and Im really into it.
9. How about having our friends

15. She cares not to have friends
over/ round for dinner ?
over/round when she is at her
10. Beautiful and smiling she looked
job.
very attractive.
16. I love having my friends over
sometimes for dinner at my 11. Shreedhar doesn't smoke. He
doesn't drink either.
house.
17. Come over to my residence some
day.
12. Shed better come now, otherwise shell miss the train.
13. Haris in a bad mood, so there's

no point in asking him to lend
19. It was a warm evening, so we all
his car.
decided to have a barbecue.
14. Boss is out, so come later.
20. She met up with me outside Mc 15. I have some very important assiDonalds, and we both went for
gnments today, so I have agreed
the evening show.
to have a few appointments only.
18. Lets arrange a party next week.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 2
1. I know you hung out with your
friends all day yesterday.
2. You know, my hobbies are writing songs and singing.
16. I need to exercise more to lose

weight.
17. Shes saving up so (that) she
could go to the concert.
18. They are waiting at the airport
for the plane to come.
19. Mumbai is a city on the west
coast of India.
3. Aquil is into all sports, especially

20. Our office is up there on the
badminton and cricket.
seventh floor.
4. Alex first took up boxing at
school but later changed.
5. The man had a valuable collection of foreign coins.
6. She likes playing squash on weekends.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 3
1. I think he is living these days on

his farm.
2. She stayed in bed all day and 20. She came up to me and asked
the way to Greater Kailash.
watched TV.
3. Hes never in when I call.
4. On a sunny day like this he
doesnt stay indoors.
5. When it got colder, we went
back indoors.
6. Lets go outside and sit on the
patio.
7. Hey, look outside ! Its snowing.
8. Ask him to get the photocopies
of the papers.
9. Theres someone outside the
door. Just look out.
10. Manjeet likes eating outdoors on
Saturday evenings.
11. The school encourages outdoor
activities such as skiing and
climbing.
12. Check her whether shes still out
in the lane.
13. Its cold out here.
14. The outside of the apartment
needs painting.
15. From the outside, it looks like an
ordinary townhouse.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 4
1. He drove up in a green Zen and
parked it in front of the house.
2. He broke his leg when he jumped
from an upstairs window.
3. She turned her back on me and
walked away.
4. Keep away from the edge of the
cliff - its dangerous.
5. Raveena got into her car and
drove off.
6. Akshay hopped on his bike and
rode off.
7. The referee had/sent him off the
field.
8. The singer bowed to the audience and walked off the stage.
9. What a beautiful ring shining on
your finger !
10. Your scarf is there on top of the
cup-board.
16. The house has an outside toilet 11. The boxes were stacked one on
top of the other.
too.
17. Our apartment at Juhu faces 12. He wore a black coat over his
sweater.
towards the sea.
18. Guests have started moving in 13. She put a blanket over the childrens legs to keep them warm.
the direction of the dining hall.
19. She ran up smiling and hugged
him.
14. He stood right next to me at the

counter.
15. Every morning Aishwarya walks

beside the sea with her dog.
10. The car in front started to slow

down.
16. There is a beautiful hotel by the 11. She parked the car right in front
of the main entrance.
sea.
17. She has promised to meet me by 12. The car ahead of us had three
young girls sitting inside.
the hotel entrance.
18. I love to move along the sea and
play with the waves.
19. All along the street I could see a
good number of STD kiosks.
20. He left his Honda at the side of
the road and walked to the field.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 5
13. I shouted at him but he was far

too ahead and didnt hear me.
14. The road was closed because of
an accident.
15. The sun disappeared behind a
cloud.
16. The minister came; his security
guards followed on behind.
17. They have a small garden at the
back of their house.
1. They were walking along slowly, 18. Karnal is situated halfway between Delhi and Chandigarh.
side by side.
2. The apartment belongs to one 19. See the photo of my family-I am
in the middle.
Mr. Bhattacharya.
3. The girl next door is very beautiful and charming.
4. There is a bookshop next to the
bank.
5. Avinash is my next door neighbour.
20. Her parents sat at either end of

the sofa with her in the middle.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 6
6. The Khannas live just opposite.
1. Kanchan quietly came and sat

among us.
7. There is a department store

right/ just/immediately opposite
the bank.
2. The film star was surrounded by

teenagers who wanted his autograph.
8. Did you see anyone walk past on

the opposite side of the road ?
3. All of us were sitting around the

fire talking.
9. Lets sit across the table and

plan.
4. We drove through Mumbai on

our way to Goa.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 7
5. I could see him through the window.

6. As she looked down, she screamed.
7. Go up the stairs and turn right.
8. Richa heard the music coming
from the room above.
9. Looking down from above, I was
thrilled to see the whole island
spread out like a map.
10. Black clouds hanging over the
valley looked very beautiful.
11. We saw the American planes
flying over us.
12. Riot police fired over the heads
of the demonstrators.
13. When Poonam looked up she
saw a large number of mosquitoes over-head.
1. Do you hear anyone moving

around upstairs ?
2. I think it is a downstairs bed.
3. She looked up and laughed at
me.
4. He looked down and smiled at
her.
5. From there it was downhill all
the way to the beach.
6. The path continues uphill for
another half a kilometre.
7. The monkey suddenly jumped
upwards onto the tree.
8. They climbed up a tree to get a
better view of the cricket match.
14. I think this room would be 9.

better lit if it had overhead lighting.
10.
15. I saw his car parked outside a
high-way motel.
11.
16. As I had lost my key, I got into
my room through an upstairs
12.
window.
13.
17. The path below his bedroom
window looked deserted.
14.
18. I found my wallet on the sofa,
15.
underneath a cushion.
The actor came up onto the stage

to receive the award.
Up above they felt safe from the
wild animals.
Tears ran down her face as she
told about her suffering.
Most plants grow upwards.
Monica signalled with an upward
movement of the arm.
Its hard work biking uphill.
Its so easy biking downhill.
19. The militants stored the explosi- 16. She said goodnight to her childves underground in big boxes.
ren and went downstairs.
20. Nobody knew about the underground passage.
17. Alice leaned forward to speak to

me.
18. The old man sat facing forwards

with his legs stretched out.
13. Theres some oil left in the

bottom of the bottle.
19. It was difficult to see ahead 14. At the foot of the mountains in
Pokhra there are very good
through the smoke.
hotels.
20. When Samita came to the cross15. Shalu stopped at the foot of the
roads, she drove straight on.
stairs and looked back at me.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 8
1. Please step back to let her go.
16. Charu searched through the

bottom drawer of her desk.
17. The American tourists drove onto
the lower deck of the ferry.
18. The front of the house has been

2. Police pushed the crowd back,
painted white.
away from the entrance to the
19. The highjacker walked down to
hall.
the front of the plane.
3. As I took a step backwards, I
20. Nupur spilt soup all down the
stood on someones toe.
front of her dress.
4. As Santwana heard the news,
she fell backwards on to the bed.
5. Write your name at the top of
the page.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 9
6. When he is painting a wall, he

always starts at the top.
1. Kajal entered the classroom

quietly and sat at the front.
7. As we live on the 21st floor, we

get a wonderful view of the sea.
2. His picture has appeared on the

front of Time.
8. Her upper lip seemed to say

something.
3. I was sitting in the front row

with my colleagues.
9. As the ship came in, I could see

Anjali waving from the upper
deck.
4. The front room serves as office.
10. There is a crack along the bottom of the pillar.
6. The dog had a bone of mutton in

his front legs.
5. Your front teeth look very beautiful.
11. She kept waiting for him at the

bottom of the stairs.
7. We got in from the front entrance.
12. You can see the hints given at

the bottom of the page.
8. Write your name on the back of

the envelope.
9. Nilofer would often walk past the 3.

back of the shopping complex.
The boat swayed from side to

side leaving all of us frightened.
10. If you sit at the back you wont 4.

hear clearly.
11. I found him sleeping in the back 5.
The phones over there, in the

corner.
of the car.
12. At the back of the drawer Mihir
found his wallet.
13. When she turned the photo over,
she saw his signature on the
back.
14. The back page of the magazine
always carries advertisements.
15. Theres a lane along the side of
the house.
16. The side view of the valley offers
a breathtaking view.
Why dont we pitch the tent in

the corner of the field ?
6.
The shop on the corner sells

liquor.
7.
Abha is standing on the corner

of the street waiting for Neeraj.
8.
The petrol station is just around/

round the next corner.
9.
You know, my house is a long

way from my office.
10. Medicine shops are not far from

here.
11. Children often run across the
road without caring for traffic.
17. I often retire to the back room of

12. There was a large dog on the
the house to study.
back seat.
18. I saw her applying lipstick in the 13. I felt someone shouted my name.
rear glass of my car.
14. You seem very tired !
19. A van crashed into the side of
15. Whatever you say, I am not
the bus, damaging the door on
going, and I mean it.
the drivers side.
16. Members of the Italian delegate
20. Maneesha glanced sideways out
arrived in India last week.
of the corner of her eye.
17. Pramila has had several jobs in
the past five years.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 10
18. How long have you been learning

English ?
1.
Vipul looked sideways to his 19. Ive been expecting you to arrive
since last Monday.
right.
2.
Lift your arm sideways and hold 20. Id like to have a hot coffee,
please.
that position.
Sentences : Flow &

Continuity 11
1. She has known me for a long
time.
2. I havent met the Managing
Director in person so far.
3. Havent you decided yet ?
4. When he was at university he
used to play tennis a lot.
5. The hotel used to be very
fashionable.
11. She was about to go when someone knocked on the door.

12. Were leaving on Friday evening
with all our belongings.
13. Theyre having a cocktail party
next week.
14. The next plane to London leaves
at 5.45.
15. Ill call back if something happens.
16. Could I leave early today ?
6. Priyanka didnt use to like spicy 17. You must finish your assignment
today.
food.
7. Priyanka used not to like spicy
food.
18. This letter says they will arrive

next week.
8. I think its going to rain shortly.
19. I would leave tomorrow if they

came today.
9. Watch out - Youre going to hit

the milestone !
10. I feel Im going to be sick.
20. You shouldnt say things like

that.
Multiple
Expressions
Multiple Expressions 1
3. Simi bowed politely and asked

us to move in.
The language used in corporate

sector has its own colour and charm.
Certain expressions have an immediate and direct impact upon the
people you come across. That is the
language of the corporate world that
sounds smart, clear and effective.
However, take care that you use
them correctly.
4. Sort out the neatly written applications.

5. The stage has been beautifully
designed.
6. The apartment has been aesthetically designed.
7. See how beautifully the boats
are sailing slowly on the waves !
1. She quickly put the file in the

drawer, picked up her keys and
went out.
8. You dont have any option but to

wait patiently in the queue.
2. She has bravely withstood the

odds that came her way.
9. Drive carefully else we may meet

with an accident.
10. She waved goodbye sadly with

tears rolling down her cheeks.
7. Mr. Sinha plays golf quite skillfully.
11. All are doing their work quietly.
8. What I dont like about her is

that she often behaves very selfishly.
12. He has decided wisely not to

interfere in their work.
13. I hope you are sitting comfortably here.
14. Dont you yell loudly in the
office!
15. Preeti angrily looked at him and
gave him a hard slap.
9. If he continues to behave foolishly, the company may kick him

out any time.
10. She is always fashionably dressed.
11. You need to look at the problem
differently.
16. I think you are happily adjusted 12. She looked cautiously round the
here.
corner and took off her glasses.
17. Rachna yawned sleepily and 13. The Chairman nodded thoughtrefused to leave her seat.
fully at the loss the company
18. Dont talk so noisily herelets
move out.
19. They have easily got ahead of
us.
20. Alka frowned gloomily when she
read the report.
1. Manage your room tidily.
2. She talked merrily about her
stay in Paris.
3. Cross the road safely.
4. Suddenly a man in black suit
appeared at the door.
5. Your failure only goes on to show
that the work you had been given
has been done very carelessly.
6. He drove speedily up the road.
had incurred.
14. Akshat hastily put the papers
back into his folder.
15. See that the terms and conditions are explained clearly.
16. Would you please speak clearly?
17. The application is not legibly
written.
18. You should closely examine the
documents before you do anything.
19. You have judged the person
correctly.
20. Its possibly to buy anything
cheaply at Sadar Bazaar.
1. The meeting went off peacefully.
2. How can he say so accurately

what may happen next month ?
3. Make the advertising hoarding
shine brightly.
4. Imported tools are freely available in the market these days.
5. Even in office sometimes she
behaves very playfully.
6. He got back yesterday only.
1. If you go upstairs youll meet one
Mr. Mehra.
2. The boss is downstairs.
3. Someone is waiting outside for
you.
4. Lets stay indoors. Its hot outside.
7. It feels so warm today.
5. They are going outdoors on some

important work.
8. What time are you calling tomorrow?
6. Reach here before the shutters

are down.
9. We had a few problems last

year, but things are better this
year.
7. Your seat is over there.
10. We may set up another unit in

Bangalore next year.
8. Nimi lives somewhere in Colorado.

9. The papers were nowhere to be
found.
11. What did you do last night ?
10. Such things happen everywhere.
12. Its fine this morning.
11. Have you seen my wallet fallen

anywhere ?
13. I think I must leave now.

14. I have still a lot of works to do.
15. It would be better if you reached
there early.
12. Get the rubbish moved away.

13. Shell be flying abroad next Monday.
16. Why are you so late today ?
14. Dont go too near ! The animal is

dangerous.
17. Ill see you soon after I am back

from Frankfurt.
15. Gul always asks about you.
18. Oh my ! The plane has just taken

off.
19. You cant help ! The train has
already left.
20. I havent decided yet.
16. Often such problems occur with

old machines.
17. The buses run less frequently on
Sundays.
18. I usually go to my job in my own
car.
19. My wife normally goes shopping 17. She talked on the phone for ten
minutes.
on the way home.
20. Sometimes you have to stand
fools.
18. I may have to stay awake all

night.
19. All day she was busy receiving

the guests.
1. We occasionally meet at parties.
20. Believe me, I wont be away long.
2. I exercise regularly; it keeps me

fit.
3. This kind of problem seldom

occurs.
1. You have been away a very long

time.
4. Have you ever been to Australia?

5. Well, this kind of accident has
never happened here before.
6. The radio broadcasts news
hourly.
7. I work seven hours daily.
8. We have weekly meetings to discuss our progress.
9. We have to submit our work
report every week.
10. The Managing Director makes
fort-nightly visit to the factory.
2. Rehana stopped briefly to look in

a shop window.
3. The telephone is temporarily out
of use.
4. Smoking is likely to damage your
health permanently.
5. For the time being you may use
my phone.
6. She stood still for a moment
before getting in.
7. I think we havent met for ages.
11. They go for outings every six

months.
8. I think I had better give up

smoking for ever.
12. The report is made annually.
9. He is really an outgoing person

and manages things very well.
13. I am supposed to report to the

head office every three months.
10. Women at the reception usually

behave very nicely.
14. I hope you wont make the same
mistake twice.
11. Oh ! She is extremely difficult to
15. I havent seen her for a year.
16. The problem kept us busy for
five days.
manage.
12. He is fairly smart at mixing with
people easily.
13. Suruchi has been doing quite

well in her new job.
9. You can do it part-time if you

wish.
14. What you say is completely 10. Shes interested in working fulltime.
untrue?
15. The news is simply unbelievable!
16. I am absolutely sure that Manhar
is not coming tonight.
11. Regardless of strong opposition

by a few members, the Directors
announced closure of the factory.
17. I cant believe it. Its utterly im- 12. Secretly recorded video clippings
prove that a good amount of
possible.
money was paid to strike the
18. I admit it was entirely my fault.
deal.
19. She was totally disappointed with
13. We may have it wholesale.
her performance.
14. A good number of foreigners
20. It has been a truly memorable
enter the country illegally.
experience for me.
15. Shes not very mechanically min21. The conditions she lived in was
ded.
just terrible.
16. You have to concentrate very
hard on learning to driveit
doesnt come naturally to anyone.
1. Its an exceedingly silly sugges17. They carried him bodily up
tion.
the stairs.
2. Well have to see whether the
18. We must discuss our reservaproject is commercially viable.
tions about the contract quite
3. The company is jointly managed
openly.
by the two brothers.
19. He wants a job which is a little
4. I think he is personally taking
more demanding intellectually.
interest in the new scheme.
20. The meeting seems to have been
5. Legally speaking, you may lose a
rather hurriedly arranged.
major share.
6. Their salaries should increase
automatically every two years.
7. Rakesh always thinks very individually and it often shows.
1. Inform me after you have reached Nagpur.
8. Get it retail no matter how much

it costs.
2. He heard voices as soon as he

rushed the door open.
3. I know well that long before I 17. I had read of her elopement
while at Shantiniketan.
return she will have forgotten
me.
18. He has previously spoken seldom
and then only when necessary.
4. Khushbu had no sooner checked
into the hotel, than he arrived
with the appropriate documents.
19. It pays to speak the truth whenever possible.
5. Lily had hardly settled in her 20. Dont bring her unless she is
sober.
chamber before Uday told her
that they were leaving.
6. Hardly had he got out of his car
when he was surrounded by
angry workers.
7. She has been in politics since
she was at university.
8. The companys been making
money ever since it opened.
9. Until they come Ill be staying
here.
10. He promised hed support me till
I find work.
11. Tell them I wont discuss anything until Ive spoken to my
husband.
12. They came back six months
later, by which time the Indians
had decided to say no.
13. The factory closed, whereupon
he returned to Jabalpur.
14. Mr. Kumar more or less implied
that we did, upon which Ms.
Sen flew into a great rage.
15. She watched me while pretending not to.
16. She has not spoken a word
since leaving the party.
1. If a man looks at her, she is

flattered.
2. If it was raining, she usually
stayed indoors.
3. Should they decide to come this
week, theyre most welcome.
4. Were it all true, it would still not
excuse his actions.
5. Were they to allow more freedom, employees would become
lazy.
6. Had I known that here were
never to be another opportunity,
I would have filmed the occasion.
7. If in doubt, feel free to talk to
me.
8. Whether Sushma goes to a laundrette or does her washing at
home, the routine is the same.
9. Whoever plays well will win a
free trip to Australia.
10. That is one possible solution to
the problem. However, there are
others.
11. Wherever it is, I arent going.

12. W h a t e v e r brand we use, i t
doesnt make much difference.
13. Whichever way you go, itll take
you more or less the same time.
14. Their aim is to recruit the best
person for the job, no matter
where they are from.
15. Be as clear and factual as possible in order that there may be
no misunderstanding.
16. They were shoving each other
out of the way in order to get to
the front.
17. Why dont you fix up a screen so
as to let in the fresh air and
keep out the flies.
4. Maya, I am here just in case

anything out of the ordinary
happens.
5. Gunjan had consented to take
an overcoat in case the wind
rose.
6. Anwita is in a difficult situation
in that she has been offered two
jobs and they both sound interesting.
7. Cigarette smoking is injurious in
as much as it does not protect
you.
8. Insofar as change has occurred,
it has been because of the application of modern technology.
18. Kumud trod with care in order

not to spread the dirt.
9. I feel myself to be dependent to

the extent that Im not free to
question decisions affecting my
daily life.
19. Drive in your lane so as not to

brush against the cars in other
lanes.
10. Seeing that you are new in this

company, shall I offer a few
suggestions to you ?
20. Haldiram bought nine cows so

that he should have some milk
to sell.
11. Such willingness only can get

you far ahead.
12. Such is the power of money that

multinationals too keep exploring
new markets.
13. Whilst/While I fully appreciate

1. I dont feel anger against her
your point of view, I have a very
because I like her very much.
different opinion.
2. I dont know that he has been
married, since he seldom talks
about himself.
14. They are making huge profits

whereas we are struggling to
survive.
3. As she is too busy these days,

lets drive out ourselves.
15. Though he is highly qualified, he

is rude.
16. Much as she admired his looks 18. In India, wherever you go, you
come across celebration of festiand manners, she had no wish
vals.
to marry him.
17. While I do concede the impor- 19. Much discouraged, I moved back
to Rewari.
tance of freedom of speech, I
believe it must be exercised with 20. Neetas manner was hurried yet
painstakingly courteous.
sensitivity and responsibility.
Phrasal
Verbs
Phrasal Verbs 1
Smarten up before you leave for

doing business in Singapore.
Phrasal verbs are verbs combined

Manisha had smartened up a lot
with an adverb or a preposition, or
since I had last seen her.
sometimes both, to give a new meaning. They add colour and charm to 3. Run into : meet by chance;
collide with; encounter; add up to
expressions.
1. Meet with : encounter
I ran into Maya at the Mall.
The Chairman met with a warm

reception at the airport.
His Santro ran into a milestone

and he got a few bruises.
You are likely to meet with such

eventualities if you are a foreigner
in Germany.
Saumyas salary will run into five

figures from next month.
2. Smarten up : become smart or 4. Freshen up : become fresh or

fresher
smarter
The weather has freshened up

after the rain.
I must go and freshen myself up
before the guests arrive.
When should we kick off with our

new plan ?
2. Switch over : convert or transfer
5. Cross out : delete from a sheet of

paper
Samita
switches over from
Punjabi to English without any
hesitation.
Leena crossed the word out and

wrote in another.
They have switched over to

making air conditioners.
Dont cross it out until you are 3. Ring off : close a telephone consure you dont want it.
versation
6. Rope in : persuade; bring
He was talking with the recepWe must rope him in to help us.
Some members suggested roping
in fresh graduates for the job.
7. Turn up : arrive
They may turn up any time.
A few celebrities also turned up
at the function
8. Wind up : close; bring to an end
Why dont you wind up your business here and move to Pune ?
tionist but as he saw the boss

coming he rang off.
He rang off and asked us to come
to his chamber.
4. Kick up : cause
They may kick up a fuss here any
time, so stay alert.
There is no point in kicking up a
fuss here.
5. Write off : write quickly; clear

from the records
She is thinking of winding up her
account with the bank.
She wrote off whatever she had
9. Pin down : restrict; locate
I hate being pinned down to a
promise like that.
They have not yet been able to
pin them down in Delhi.
Phrasal Verbs 2
1. Kick off : begin
The welcome address kicked off
in great style.
been dictated.
They have written off his 20
thousand rupees.
6. Settle down : calm
become reasonable
down;
The situation will soon settle

down.
Let the things settle down first
before we call another meeting.
7. Roll in : come in, in quantities
In electronic media once you are

successful money comes rolling
in.
Problems have been rolling in for
the past two weeks.
8. Tax away : reduce by taxing
5. Get on : manage; to continue

with someone
How are you getting on in your
new job ?
Its difficult to get on with her for
long.
Much of what he earns is taxed

away.
6. Jot down : write down in a short

quick note
The government seems intent on

taxing everything away.
If any idea strikes me I immediately jot it down in my pocket notebook.
Phrasal Verbs 3
Let me jot down your telephone

and e-mail number.
1. Keep away : abstain
7. Zoom : move in a long sweep

Abhinay keeps away from alcohol
with direction
and tobacco.
The Jet Airways plane zoomed
Its difficult for men to keep away
from wine and women in
European way of life.
2. Press for : demand; insist on

The workers are pressing for
bonus.
down at Indira Gandhi International airport at 12.30 p.m.

They zoomed off in their new
Qualis. The TV camera zoomed
in for a close-up of the young
lovers.
Members have lately begun 8. Drive on : continue to drive;

incite
pressing for revising their pay
scale.
Natasha drove him on to commit
the crime.
3. Cook up : invent; fabricate
Sometimes I love driving on
He cooked up an excuse about
through the night when everybeing ill to avoid going to the
body is sleeping.
meeting.
The plan is all their cooking.
4. Look out/Watch out : be careful
Look out ! Theres a car coming.
Watch out ! Anything may happen
any moment here.
Phrasal Verbs 4
1. Sound off : boast about
They sounded off their exploits in
the U.S.A.
Every salesperson sounds off

about the quality and durability of
their products.
2. Round off : finish off well
I have to round off my task by
Monday next.
The meeting was rounded off by
the speech of the Marketing
Manager.
3. Zip : move very quickly, with
direction
She zipped out of the cafe with
her colleagues.
The functioned livened up when a

few celebrities came.
8. Log on : (Computer : begin work)
He usually logs on at 9 a.m.
Log on quickly and get on their
web-site.
Phrasal Verbs 5
1. Bring in : introduce
They are bringing in a new law
against aiding the criminals.
Some changes need to be brought
in to increase production.
He zipped towards the room with

2. Come about : happen
a CD in his hand.
4. Put aside : abandon; save
Put aside your anger and learn to
be tactful.
How did that problem come about?

If something untoward comes
about, ring me.
Madhu puts aside money for tak- 3. Fall out : quarrel

ing a course in computer prograNishu isnt speaking to Sameer.
mming.
They seem to have fallen out.
5. Go off : ring; explode; go bad
Because of her nature she keeps
Set the alarm clock to go off at 5.
The dynamite will go off at 6.45.
falling out with others over petty

things.
The fish will go off if your dont 4. Fix up : arrange

put it in the fridge.
They have fixed up a meeting for
next Tuesday.
6. Catch up : succeed in pursuing
These days Anu is catching up on
lost time by working harder.
Megha says she is busy catching
up with her work.
7. Liven up : become lively
She livened up when her friends
appeared.
They have fixed up a party at a

five star hotel.
5. Go away : disappear
I had a pain in my left leg, but
now its gone away.
She had some problem with her
boy friend, but its gone away.
6. Work out : calculate

Lets work out how much money
weve spent during our stay in
Italy.
Well have worked out the details
of the investment by evening.
7. Held up : delayed
The traffic seems to have been
held up by road works.
I am late because I got held up at
the bank.
8. Hand over : give; surrender
The commandos handed over the
criminal to the police.
She wants to hand over her property to a trust.
5. Fight off : manage to stop

The company fought off a takeover by IBM.
6. Get through : make contact
I tried to ring Shalu, but I
couldt get through.
7. Lay off : dismiss
The company has laid off fifty
workers because of its plan to
decrease production.
8. The computer will print out the
details of the programme.
9. Put forward : suggest
The consultants put forward a
proposal to go in for expansion.
10. Ring back : phone again
Phrasal Verbs 6
1. Cut back : to spend less
I think weve been spending too
much money, well have to cut
back.
2. Draw up : to write
We have asked our lawyers to
drawn up a new contract.
3. Fall behind : be slowes than
others
Be watchful not to fall behid in
the race to develop new products.
4. Fall through : fail to happen
We got close to an agreement
with Philips, but it fell through.
When I get the information, Ill

ring you back in half an hour.
11. Sort out : put right
We whould pay a visit to our
clients to try to sort out the difficulties.
12. Step down : leave the job
The Chairman has stepped down
after being in that position for
well over thirty years.
13. Take on : accept
We are taking on the challenge
of expanding overseas.
14. Take over : take control of
Large companies sometimes take
over smaller ones.
Vista Chief Executive Prakash

Chandra has put forward a new plan
designed to sort out the companys
problems. It is only ten months since
Vista tried to strengthen its position
by taking over Nutech. But the deal
fell through, and Nutech managed to
fight off Vistas attempts to take
control. Since then Vista has per-
formed poorly and has fallen behing

in the race for market share.
Managing Director Rajendra Kishore
has had to step down, and Prakash
Chandra has taken on the task of
rescuing the company. There are
fears that the new plan will mean
laying off staff in order to reduce
expenditure.
Idiomatic
Temper
Idiomatic Temper 1
Before you take an internet connection you need to know about

its ABC.
Idiomatic Expressions are phrases

that carry a very different meaning
and sometimes it is difficult or 2. Back down : withdraw a statement, claim or accusation
impossible to guess by looking at the
meanings of the individual words
When the management agreed,
they contain. Idiomatic Expressions
the workers backed down over
are very different phrases which are
their threat to go on strike.
used to communicate effectively in
She is too proud to back down
different situations.
and accept her mistakes
1. The ABC of something : the
basic facts of a subject
Get to know the ABC of computer
before you buy one.
3. Create a ripple : cause some

talk, interest, surprise etc. in an
audience, a group or the public
The managements decision not to

give bonus created a ripple.
Australia. Oh ! Its the chance of

a lifetime.
The visit of the minister created a

ripple at the hospital.
Its really the chance of a lifetime

if you have been asked to join
Microsoft.
4. Come clean : tell the truth about

something
2. A burning question : A very

important question that needs to
Come clean if you want to stay
be answered
safe, said the investigating officer.
Whether they review their plan or
continue with the old one in the
Samita decided coming clean
light of facts today remains a
about her bank accounts.
burning question.
5. Draw a blank : fail to obtain or
Partnership with Infosys is a
discover something you are
burning question.
searching for
They knew well the police would 3. Carried away : getting highly
emo-tional
draw a blank if they raided his
office.
She got carried away with enthuShe searched every inch of the
siasm when she learnt that she
house for the cheque but drew a
had been promoted to manager.
blank.
Dont get carried away unnece6. To the effect that : having a
basic meaning or purpose
ssarily; in business you have to

stand such odds.
Some more transfers are being

planned to the effect that fresh
candidates may be asked to join
in here.
Romola got rather carried away in

one shop and came out with two
western albums of John Denver.
He is learning French to the

effect that he may get overseas
transfer to Paris.
Idiomatic Temper 2
1. The chance of a lifetime : a great
opportunity
4. Come into effect/bring something into effect:begin to operate

The new rules will come into
effect from Monday next.
They have notified to bring the
new policy into effect from the
next financial year.
5. Have the guts to do something :

have enough courage to do someKarim has been invited by the
thing
Chairman to accompany him to
I dont think they have the guts to

go against the wishes of the
Director.
She suggested jazzing up the programme with a few western singers.
She has the guts to speak her 4. Im afraid : Im sorry ( refusing

mind to the Chairman.
politely )
6. Go without saying : so clear that
not needing mention
The Director himself is coming
and it goes without saying if he
fires a few staff members.
Im afraid I wont be in town

tomorrow.
Im afraid Im too busy now.
Im afraid I cant help you in this
matter.
The bank is considering giving

5. Ifs and buts : excuses
loan at lower rate of interest; it
Ifs and buts dont take you far
goes without saying that a good
ahead.
number of entrepreneurs would
line up.
The boss doesnt give ear to excuses.
Idiomatic Temper 3
1. Dry up : be completely finished

All our savings dried up last
month so we had to take some
loan.
Take care not to dry up you salary
in a few weeks only.
2. A blessing in disguise : something beneficial and fortunate in
store
When Shreedhar offered financial
help, for Jyoti it was a blessing in
disguise.
Who knows rift with his family
members may be a blessing for
him in disguise.
3. Jazz something up : make something more exciting and attractive
To jazz the show up they invited a
few film stars.
6. Hush hush : secret or confidential

I dont think there is any hush
hush about the deal.
Oh ! Now I can say there had
been something hush hush that
they kept quiet.
Idiomatic Temper 4
1. Hot-shot : a person who is extremely successful in his career
Amitabh is a hotshot film actor
who knows well how to get along
with all.
Hotshots only can survive in
international business.
Tata, Ambanis, and Premji are
hot-shots in Indian corporate
sector today.
2. Hot stuff : one who is sexually

attractive or very skilful at something
Preity Zinta is pretty hot stuff in
Indian film industry these days.
Sachin Tendulkar is really hot
stuff at cricket.
3. The ins and outs : the complex
details of something
Have you ever tried to get the ins
and outs of their overseas operations ?
Ins and outs of urban environment need to be examined before
we launch our new scheme.
Why didnt we do well this time

needs to be kicked around.
Idiomatic Temper 5
1. Rule the roost : direct in a business
Directors do have a say in business but it the Chairman who
finally rules the roost.
Mr. Ahmad usually takes all the
important decisions and rules the
roost in Wipro.
2. On the run : escaping from arrest
or prison
4. Ivory tower : a way of life away

from reality
Mr. Tiwari is on the run these

days as arrest warrant has been
issued against him.
Young girls usually live in their

ivory tower.
They cant be on the run for long.
Dont you think it is an ivory

tower way of looking at life ?
5. Egg somebody on : encourage
somebody to do something foolish
or risky
3. Set off/set out : begin a journey

The business delegation set off
early in the morning to catch the
flight to Amsterdam.
I dont think shell be setting out
tonight because she has many
more things to do.
She knew she could easily egg

Ujjawal on to jump off the second 4. Square with somebody : tell
floor.
some-body directly and honestly
I realized I had been egged on
You may square with Ms.
by Shabnam to complain against
Bhargava about your plan in my
the personnel department.
absence.
6. Kick something around : discuss
something in an informal way
If you square with me, Im sure

we can get far ahead together.
They sat down kicking the new

marketing techniques around.
5. A square deal : just and fair

treatment
The management promised to give

workers a square deal.
If workers get a square deal, the
management benefits immensely
in the long run.
6. At stake : at risk
Their image is at stake so they
are bringing in the latest technology to stay market leader.
Due to the arrival of multinational
companies. small companies often
feel their survival at stake.
Idiomatic Temper 6
1. Take off : leave the ground
(plane); become very successful
Mind it, the plane takes off at
5.30 in the evening.
The new model of PC they have
launched has taken off in big
cities all over India.
2. Keep mum : be silent
She kept mum when I asked her
opinion.
How can I get to know what you
want if you keep mum ?
Im sure that after the dust

settles youll have a different opinion about her.
4. Patch up something : settle a
quarrel or something
He had better patch up differences with her and begin on a
fresh note.
You dont lose anything if you are
willing to patch uprather you
begin to understand each other
better.
5. Keep up with the time : adapt
your way of life to be modern, not
old-fashioned
Keep up with the time to compete
against others.
The situation demands that we
keep up with the time and introduce new technology.
6. Look up : improve
I think within a few months the
market will begin looking up.
The situation is looking up slowly
and gradually.
Idiomatic Temper 7
3. When/Till/After the dust settles

: when trouble or confusion has 1. The rat race : a constant, comlessened
petitive struggle to stay ahead of
When the dust settled we came
others
across new facts.
You cant get off the rat race if
Let the dust settle before you
take any decision.
you have to survive today in the

global business environment.
Tata, Reliance, Bharti are all in

the rat race to get more customers for their mobile services.
2. Mind you/Mark you : note what
I am saying
Mukesh ranted and raved when

one fine morning he was asked to
leave the company.
Idiomatic Temper 8
Mind you, weve had enough of

1. Quick/Slow off the mark : fast/
excuses; this is the last warning
slow to seize an opportunity
we are giving you.
You cant get on well in business
You have not cared to inform if you arent quick off the mark.
mark you, you may be fired any
You have not done well because
time.
you have been slow off the mark.
3. An old hand at (doing) some- 2. Out of the question : unthinkthing : an experienced person
able or impossible
He is quite an old hand at offset
printing.
Giving such a heavy discount is

out of the question.
Im sure theyll deliver quality;

they are old hands.
Investing any more further is

simply out of the question.
4. Top dog : superior person
3. In question : doubted or suspected

Ms. Saxena is top dog in their
His sincerity has never been in
organization.
question.
Convincing the top dog is not so
The huge offers they are making,
easy !
I think, is in question.
5. Money talks : if you have money
4. Red tape : the formalities of busiyou get favour and respect
ness and official procedures
You can easily manage things with
There is not much of red tape in
money-money talks after all !
private sector.
Lining up of people to meet him
Due to red tape in government
only states the fact that money
departments, a proposal takes
talks.
months to get approval.
6. Rant and rave : complain, protest
5. (Be) in full swing : at the highest
or enthuse in a noisy way
level of activity
Its no use ranting and raving;
these days companies dismiss
anyone without notice.
Multinational companies are in

full swing these days in India.
Call Centres seem to be in full

swing these days as business
operations have multiplied.
Shy is keen on starting the ball

rolling and is willing to come up
with newer designs.
6. Get (something) offon the right/

wrong foot : make a good/bad
start
3. See to it (that) : ensure to take

care that something happens
Their business operations in India

have got off on the right foot.
Ill see to it that they are received

well at the airport.
See to it that Ms. Razdan is taken

Due to lack of experience she got
care of while her stay in London.
off her modeling assignments on
4. The concrete jungle : a modern
the wrong foot.
city
Idiomatic Temper 9
1. Get on : perform or do in a situation
How are you getting on with your
new responsibilities ?
I hope things are getting on well
with you in your new job
2. Get/Set/Start/Keep the ball
rolling : start something or keep
it going
Life is fast in the concrete jungles.

Crime rate is usually high in the
concrete jungle.
5. Behind closed doors : taking place
in private
An emergency meeting seems to
have taken place behind closed
doors.
We can discuss the matter behind
the closed doors.
Shalini decided to set the ball

rolling and got up to dance.
6. By and large : viewed in a

general way
I hope you will keep the ball

rolling by joining us in our effort
to inform the consumers.
By an large the situation seems to

be under control now.
What about getting the ball rolling

and making newer products ?
Things have been going well with

them by and large over the past
few weeks.
Discourse
Markers
1. When you focus and link :
Discourse Markers are the language expressions that show the connection between what a speaker is
saying and what has already been
said or what is going to be said.
I am writing to you with/in reference to your letter of 11 September.
Discourse Markers help to make

clear the structure of what is being
said; they can indicate what the
speakers think about what they are
saying or what others have said.
Some Discourse Markers are used
mostly in informal speech or writing;
others are more common in formal
style. A Discourse Marker usually
comes at the beginning of a clause.
Talking about job prospects in

multi-national companies I can only
say that you competence only can get
you in them.
With reference to your proposal

dated 28 February, we are pleased to
inform you that it has been accepted.
Talking about American lifestyle

she commented that Americans were
getting more and more self-centred.
Speaking of the need to bring in

young people, the Chairman emphasized infusing fresh energy into the
organization.
Who are you speaking of ?
They have been talking about the
food
items being imported from
Germany.
Talking about technical matters
requires some experts.
2. When you balance contrasting points :

On the one hand Id prefer a job
which pays more, but on the other
hand I enjoy the work I am doing at
the moment.
Sharad is caught in a dispute between the municipal corporation on
the one hand and the urban development authority on the other.
They seem to have some problems regarding their work.
On the one hand they support

the policy of the Congress, on the
other hand they keep backing BJP.
Regarding expansion plan of the

company, she offered valuable suggestions.
Germans work more and talk less

while most Indians do just the opposite.
As regards the new vacancies,

only the fresh MBAs will be recruited.
The old management believed in

developing the employees within the
organization while the new one has
adopted hire and fire policy.
As regards innovations, the management seems to be all set this time.

As far as production is concerned, some changes in technique need
to be introduced.
As far as new taxes are concerned the government seem to have its
eyes on huge revenue generation.
So far as women are concerned,
their role has not changed much over
the last 40 years.
Usha is very extrovert and confident whereas Abha is shy and quiet.
Housewives usually spend hours
getting ready to go out while their
husbands are ready in minutes.
Bholu Ram eats a massive plate of
food for lunch, whereas his wife has
just a few sandwiches.
They roll out 5000 cars a year,
whereas our number is 10000.
As for hire and fire, I think that

overlooks the human side.
Sanjana must be about forty,

whereas her husband looks about
35.
As for any fresh appointments,

the management has not taken any
decision so far.
She has a highly conventional

style of living, whereas her husband
is broad-minded and outgoing.
3. When you emphasize a 4. When you intend to show

contrast :
similarity :
However hungry Anu is, she never
seems to finish off a whole pizza.
Most of the companies today have

their employees similarly dressed.
However fast you drive, I dont

think youll be able to get there on
time.
They seem to have similar views

on politics.
If Megha likes something, shell

buy it however much it costs.
I didnt agree to all that Sanjay
said, but he has strong convictions
nevertheless.
Nevertheless the company needs
to invest to keep up with its competitors.
Shweta is very similar in appearance to her sister.

English cooking has few similarities with Indian cooking.
The two brothers are so identical
in looks !
Both companies apply certain
management techniques in the same
way.
Its too difficult edge past them.

nevertheless, its important that we
try.
They both work in the same manner.
They dont seem to bother. Nevertheless I wont stop convincing them.
5. When you offer concession

or counter-argument:
Mind you, its too complex a problem.
Concession :
Mind you, if we dont receive the

cheque well in time we will cancel
shipment.
It is true things are not so easy

to handle but we need to keep trying.
I have complained to them thrice,

still nobody has cared to come.
It is true payments have not been

made on time but I hope conditions
will improve.
We give lots of facilities still some

customers complain.
Of course our device carries a one

year warranty.
In spite of his best efforts, he

could not deliver the goods on time.
Of course we plan to expand and

open five more units in different
parts of India.
In spite of introducing flexible

working hours, the company did not
make much head way.
Of course your suggestion will be

considered at the meeting.
Certainly we are planning making fresh investments in some new

areas.
The new team is certainly going
to deliver better services.
It is certain we will be introducing some of the best music systems
this year.
If our plan goes well we will soon
be market leader in washing machine.
If you have to attract customers,
improve after-sales service.
They may call a meeting any time.
Well, I do (stressed) understand
the local problems, so I have suggested going slow.
Counter-argument:
Our market share has been declining over the past few months;
however, well soon be picking up
with our new strategy.
However hard they try, it is extremely difficult for them to get past us
in technology.
He suffered a huge loss, even so
he did not give up and continued
despite all odds.
He had a tough competition from
the multinationals, even so he did
not give up.
I have reminded him many times
but he doesnt care.
We cant afford to buy new equipments at present; nevertheless well
increase our workforce to stay in the

market.
Hes not very reliable, but I like
him all the same.
Hes still in the same business
despite a major setback he had last
year.
Harish tried his best, still he
couldnt get the job finished in time.
6. When you contradict :

I was expecting them to be loud
and aggressive but found on the
contrary.
Ms. Singhania p u t a contrary
point of view at the meeting and a
lively discussion followed.
Contrary to all my expectations
Ive actually found a well-paid job
Contrary to popular opinion the
government is keen on privatization.
Their economy has expanded
enormously in the last five years,
whereas ours, by/in contrast, has
declined.
I had expected the sales to go up;
on the contrary it has gone down.
7. When you dismiss previous statement :

Anyway, what is he doing with so
much of the companys money in his
personal account ?
Sales figures have not been picking up; anyway I hope things will
brighten up in a few months.
As I was saying higher turnover

could be possible if we brought i n a
few changes.
They are not giving any bonus

this year; at least they must pay the
salary well in time.
As I had mentioned earlier too

that the staff need to be disciplined.
It is not going so cheap; itll cost

at least 5000 rupees.
10. When you structure :
She appears quite mature; she

must be at least 30.
First(ly) we dont have enough

money, and secondly we dont have
enough time.
He talks sense sometimes; you

could at least listen to what he says.
Everybody says Govind is slow;
but at least you can trust him.
8. When you
subject :
change the
There is no news of him; by the

way find out whether he is in the
office.
By the way, Whats the time ?
First(ly) you need to have a good

knowledge of software, secondly you
must be having some work experience, and thirdly you must be around
30 years.
First of all youll be given training
at our Vadodara unit.
First of all we need to survey the
market.
Ive not seen Nandita; by the way

if she comes, tell her Ill call her in
the evening.
She cant do itfirst she doesnt

have the technical skill, secondly
she hasnt got the money, and lastly
she hasnt got the time.
Incidentally, have you heard any

news about Mrs. Abraham ?
Finally they decided to merge the

two units.
They discovered the information

only incidentally.
Right , we meet tomorrow.
Right ! Lets get going.
Thats all right.
What are you finally up to ?

The final decision rests with the
Managing Director.
To begin with, fix an appointment
with the government representative.
9. When you return to previous subject :
To begin with, study the sales

figures of the past three years.
As I was saying its quite possible

to export the material to China.
Tostart with, get a few celebrities

endorse our new refrigerator.
11. When you want to add :

It is a good scheme, and it is,
moreover, a very practical one.
They have begun manufacturing
kitchen appliances, and moreover,
they have used the French technology.
Rana said he had not discussed
the matter with them. Furthermore
he had not even contacted them.
He usually is late for work. Furthermore he has no regrets even.
Shehas the required qualification.
In addition she has three years of
work experience in Sony.
They have not released the consignment. In addition they have not
even informed us.
They make washing machines as
well as ceiling fans.
Invite Harsh and Manoj as well.
InviteChandan as well as Rakesh.
We missed the deal, and on top
of that we were asked to wait for a
year.
He came late, and on top of that
he did not even care to inform me.
Namita is a software professional.
Another thing is that she has
worked with Philips for two years.
Their sales figures have been rising. What is more is that they have
improved their after-sales service.
Simi has to manage office besides
taking care of her old father.
Mihir has job offers from two

Korean companies and plenty more
besides.
I have many important works to
do and in any case, I havent been
invited.
I know well she wont come and in
any case she has a few important
appointments.
12. When you generalize :

On the whole the employees report to work on time.
On the whole she prefers to go by
what she feels best.
On the whole the new team is in
favour of the idea.
In general results have not been
up to the mark.
In general quality of work decides
pay package.
In general most public sector
units are not managed well.
In most cases profit motive plays
the main role.
In all cases there have been a few
irregularities.
In some cases the management
has even supported the employees.
Broadly speaking we have not
cared to build a solid infrastructure
for industrial growth, said the minister.
Broadly speaking, women are

more sincere about their responsibilities than men.
There are many instances of child

labour in industrial sector despite tall
claims of the government.
By and large we enjoyed our

training in the U.S.
Could you give me any examples

of the improvements they have made?
I dont like a few small things

about my job, but by and large I am
happy.
To a great extent companies
keep exploring new markets.
To a large extent management
graduates are keen on joining multinational companies.
To some extent you can say I am
also responsible for the loss.
To some extent the damage can
also be attributed to late decision
making.
You may be right to some extent
but dont you think the responsibility
should have been shared by us all.
Apart from their unit in Bangalore, they have another unit in
Chennai.
It was a difficult time. Apart from
everything else, they had financial
problems.
You must help. Apart from anything else you are her colleague.
I think offices can become more

environment-friendlyby, for example,
using recycled paper.
Smooth functioning of an organization is fine example of sound
management.
What in particular did you like
about our training programme ?
14. When you give logical

sequence :
She has not specialized in marketing therefore we cant send her
for survey.
A lot more needs to be discussed
with the technical experts. We shall,
therefore, have another meeting
tomorrow.
The Chairmans flight has been
delayed. Therefore we have decided
postpone the meeting for tomorrow.
As a result ofdrop in sales, profits
have declined.
Except for their lack of experiNot much has been spent on

ence the fresh graduates will be the
advertisement. As a result sales figuideal persons for the job.
res have gone down.
13. When you give examples:

There have been many instances
of conflict between management and
the workers this year.
The fire resulted in huge damage

to the property.
She died as a result of serious injuries.
The project has begun to show

results.
Give me the letter to read, then

only I can say something.
Whenever there is strike, loss

results.
15. When you clarify or

give details :
Due to explosion the resulting

damage was extensive.
The new policy has only brought
about the growing economic crisis
and resultant unemployment.
What I mean is that theres no

point in waiting here.
I get what you mean to say.
Things are not going to be so easythats what I mean.
Ameesha missed the bus this

morning and as a consequence was
late for work.
I mean weve to start all over

again.
Nothing of any consequence was

said at the meeting.
I dont know what they mean by

leaving so early.
Their refusal to put enough money

into health care has had disastrous
consequences.
If they dont soften their stand towards their workers, they will have to
suffer/take the consequences.
Use of harmful chemical and the
consequential damage to the environment must be taken up seriously.
She could not find him so she left.
Reena is in a very delicate state at
the moment so youve got to be gentle
with her.
The senior manager is not
available now so please call later.
I will not be in town tomorrow so
please meet me next week.
She smiled, thenturned to me and
said, Yes, any more information?
He means what he says.

The existing method is not working. I mean to say some innovative
methods should be tried.
Im sorry I hurt you, I didnt
mean to.
Actually the samemarketing strategy does not apply everywhere.
What do you mean t o say actually?
Its not actually the thing that
goes well with our plan.
Thats the only reason shes actually leaving.
I cant say anything without actually consulting the personnel department first.
From days from now, that is to
say on Tuesday well be getting our
pay cheque.
The problem, that is to say the

strike wont continue for long.
The bosss unhappiness is apparent to everyone.
The management does not seem

to relent, in other words they are not
in a mood to give in to our demands.
For no apparent reason she

scre-amed from her seat.
Are you going to talk to her-in

other words are you going to propose to her ?
They have been asked to leave - in
other words they have been fired.
There are a few apparent discrepancies between the two versions.

Nutan has an apparent innocence
which, I suspect, she uses to her
advantage.
or
Apparently Shilpis had enough

of India and now shes heading off to
the USA.
I think you had better take the

earliest flight to San Francisco.
In top companies its IIM graduates who take the cake (top salary), so
to speak.
I think they would take necessary

steps to rectify the error.
Nikita more or less admitted

shed done it.
I think the matter can be discussed in good detail at the next meeting.
The two units have more or less

the same infrastructure.
16. When you

correct :
soften
I think we need to take a more

flexible stand.
I reckon it is just a passing phase
and soon things will be all right.
I reckon they are not going to
merge this year.
I had a sort of feeling Id be late.

Vipin was sort of hoping to leave
for Kolkata by evening flight.
It was kind of strange to see him
come so early.
I kind of thought it was possible.
I guess we can explore new markets in South Asian countries.
The programme was advertised

well but ticket sales were poor.
In my view the government needs

to give more facilities to small scale
industries.
I think the book has been well

researched.
In my opinion if some corrective

measures are not taken immediately
the problem will worsen.
They took two hours to discuss

the plan and considered it time well
spent (it had been a useful discussion).
It is not really their fault. We are

really going to deliver better results
this time.
Our family members, that is to
say our team will soon be here for
further instructions from the management.
It wasa rather difficult situation.

I rather suspect there has been
something wrong.
We were rather hoping wed manage it ourselves.
Well, what do you actually mean
to say ?
The gathering, that is to say the

The meeting actually started on
meeting has not been able to come
a happy note.
out with any new plans.
They dont pay very high, but at
least they are reliable.
The food was not actually all that

expensive.
He sounds a little high, but at

least you can trust him.
Actually, it would be much more

sensible to delay the payment by a
few days.
They have not succeeded but at

least they must be lauded for having
tried to do so.
Im afraid we are not in a
position to take loan now.
Im afraid we have a meeting
tonight, so we cant come.
Im afraid youll have to talk to
the senior manager.
Im afraid y o u
havent
understood the situation completely.
Im afraid I cant help but I hope
prices of electronic gadgets will come
down.
I suppose. I had supposed the job
(to be) very high paying.
I dont suppose for a minute that
he'll agree.
Why do you suppose he resigned?
Theres no reason to suppose
hes lying.
Do you get what I mean ?

I dont actually mean to suggest
that it is not possible.
What I mean is that we need to
upgrade our technology.
High salary demands high quality
of work, I mean professional competence only can promise handsome pay
package.
17. When you intend to

gain time :
Let me see if the management
agrees to it.
Let me go throughthe report first.
Lets see if the idea works out.
Well, well have to invest more on
research and training.
Well, well have to think afresh.
I dont know how theyre going to

manage it.
No doubt, Ill study your proposal

and inform you within a week.
I dont know how they have

thought of investing a huge amount
on that project.
19. When you convince or

persuade :
Its a complex matter, I mean we

must examine all the aspects closely.
After all we need time to study

and examine the details.
A kind of confusion persists

somewhere with the management may be they are planning to frame
new policies.
After all we are new in the international market.
18. When you showing your

attitude to what you
are saying :
Honestly speaking, I wont be
able to perform on the new machine.
I cant honestly say what time
the meeting would start.
To be honest, I dont have the
facts.
Frankly, I think that idea wont
work.
Frankly speaking, we have not
kept pace with the latest business
trend.
To be frank, its not my business
to go into the details of the programme.
To be honest, if they dont perform well the management will fire
them anytime.
No doubt, well be shipping the
consignment as soon as we receive
the cheque.
Look ! Things have not been

working well for the past three
months.
Look ! We may have to look for
new suppliers.
Look here ! Our case is quite
different from theirs.
Theyare far ahead of us no doubt.
No doubt, we need to review our
plan.
20. When you refer to other

persons expectations :
Actually they want their staff
trained in software applications.
As a matter of fact they are more
interested in finished products.
To tell the truth they are not in
a position to make the payments this
month.
Well ! The matter will be taken up
with the Chairman.
Well, they dont seem to be interested in making investment on
training their staff.
Well ! Soon well be coming up

with our new package.
To sum up, we require a good

number of women candidates.
21. When you conclude :
To conclude, the team is vibrant

and full of new ideas.
In conclusion, I think well have

to adapt ourselves to new technology.
Briefly, I would like to point out a

few areas that need immediate attention.
In conclusion, things have been

working very well despite a few
negligible problems.
In short, we need to discuss

things in good detail.
To sum up, the programme requires a more methodical approach.
In short, I would like you all to go

through the recommendation and
offer suggestions.
Over
The
Telephone
Whenever you make a call,
identify yourself by giving your name
and your position in the company
you work in. Also make sure youre
talking to the right person. When
making a call, say right away what
you are calling about. Be brief and to
the point. Dont waste time. If its a
bad line, say that youll call back
(make the call again) immediately.
Then start the call again. Speak
slowly and clearly. Have a friendly
tone. Keep smiling when youre
speaking. That enhances the quality
of your voice and you sound more
natural and interested. Take care not
to use technical terms or abbreviations because the other person may

not understand them as well as you
do. When you have to give important
information like figures, names,
quantities, dates and son on, give
these slowly and carefully. Dont
interrupt the other person even if you
think you know what he or she is
going to say. Dont phone during
lunch time. Note down all the important information youre given by the
other person.
When you have to make an international call, first dial the international code, then the country code,
then the area code and finally the

number you require.
6. Theyre not on the phone at the

regional office.
If you want to talk to a particular

person, you can make a person-toperson personal call. If you dont
want to be interrupted, you can leave
the phone off the hook.
7. She was just phoning up for a

chat.
You may be misunderstood when

talking on the phone, so its a good
idea to repeat any information (especially numbers and names) back to
the other person to make sure youve
got it right. Always make sure you
know the name of the person youre
talking to. If necessary, ask them to
spell it out to you. Try to use their
name during the call and make sure
they know your name too. Sound
interested, helpful and alert when
answering the phone. You may have
to make and receive calls to or from
regular or prospective customers.
A good telephone manner not only
makes an impression in business,
but it also helps to make money.
Some Useful Expressions :
8. Manoj phoned to invite me out

for dinner.
9. For reservations, phone 0129222 5828.
10. Someone phone for an ambulance.
11. Geeta phone home but there was
no reply.
12. Dont forget to phone Meerut.
13. Two people have phoned in sick
this morning.
14. Listeners have been invited to
phone in with their comments.
15. I need to phone the story in
before six.
16. Were there any phone calls for
me ?
17. Ill give you a call/ring tonight.
18. If someone is rude, just put the
ephone down.
1. I have to make a phone call.
19. We speak by phone thrice a

week.
2. The phone rang and the man at

the counter answered it.
20. Miss. Archana had three phone

calls this morning.
3. They like to do business by

phone/over the phone.
21. Hes on the phone now.
4. In business you never leave the

phone off the hook.
5. Hes been on the phone to Godrej
to make some enquiry.
22. Meena phoned to tell me all her

news.
23. Phone home.
24. I left a message on Vijays answering machine yesterday and
his voice mail at work but he

hasnt called me back.
25. Ill call you in the evening.
26. I turn my cell phone off when I
go to sleep.
27. Im sorry I got the wrong number.
2. Answer the phoneTo pick

up the receiver because the phone is
ringing.
Has anyone answered the phone?
Someone must always be there to
answer the phone.
28. Good morning. LG Electronics.
If no-one answers the phone, call

an hour later.
29. I need to look up her number in

the directory.
3. Busy / EngagedEvery time I

call the office, its always busy.
30. Im afraid Mr. Bachchan is with a

his secretary ?
Anu tried to ring Santwana but it

was engaged.

we were cut off for a moment.
32. Please get me through to Ms.
Bendre?
4. Call To phone someone.

She called me when I was in my
office.
Ill call you next week.
33. Just hold on for a moment. Ill

just find out for you.
5. Call/Phone callWhen someone phones someone else.
34. If he plays the electronic music

system again, Ill give up.
She told me there were a few calls

for me when I was out.
35. Are you through? (Is the call

over?)
Have you received any call from

Mitsubishi ?
36. Could you hold the line for a

moment, please ?
Can I use your phoneI need to

make a quick call.
1. Answering machine/ AnswerphoneA machine that answers

your phone when you are out and
lets people record messages so that
you can listen to them later.
Give me a call when you reach

Paris.
Give me a call at the weekend.
Rohan wasnt in, so I left message

on his answering machine.
6. Call back / Phone backTo

phone someone who has phoned you
earlier, especially when you were out.
When Mini went out, she forgot to

switch the answerphone on.
Call back if you have any difficulty.
As he entered his cabin he switched the answerphone on.
Seema called when you were out.

I said youd phone her back.
7. Hang upTo finish a phone

conversation by putting the receiver
down.
Ill call you again (on) Monday
morning, Rekha said, and hung up.
Everytime I called them, someone
hung up on me.
If someone uses rude language,
just hang up.
8. Leave the phone off the
hookTo not put the receiver on the
phone, so that people cannot phone
you.
Sometiems Shanti leaves the
phone off the hook when she goes to
sleep.
11. Put on holdTo make a

caller wait.
I need to put you on hold while I
get the other line that is ringing.
He got disconnected by mistake
when I put him on hold.
12. DisconnectTo lose a connection.
She was on her cellular phone
when she called and we got disconnected when her phone battery died.
She got disconnected by mistake
when Utkarsh put her on hold.
13. Conference callPhone call
with three or more people.
They set up a conference call so

they can all discuss that issue to9. MessageA piece of informa- gether over the phone.
tion.
Im expecting a conference call
Have they left any message for with Mr. Chatterjee and Ms.Chopra.
us?
As we were running short of time
Im afraid hes not in right now. we set up a conference call to disCan I take a message ?
cuss the problem.
Check whether there is any mes14. ExtensionNumber assigned
sage for us.
to individual phones.
I dont think Anita has left any
This is Personality Dynamics. If
message.
you know the extension of Mr.
10. Voice mailAn electronic sysAhmed,dial those numbers now.
tem on your phone that lets you leave
Mr. jain, you have a call on line
messages for people who phone you
when your are not avail-able and lets one. Shall I transfer the call to your
extension?
them leave messages for you.
15. Phone TagCalling back and
As they had left the message in
my voice mail, I got the information forth; being unable to reach the
person you are calling.
without having to call them back.
Even if Anupam is too busy, he
never leaves the phone off the hook.
Our new phone and voice mail

help us get more done at our office.
Due to phone tag we decided to

meet in person.
Contextual
English
Office Work
1. Allocate : to set apart for a
specific purpose
Collating the materials is usually

time-consuming.
3. In an effort to : to try to do
A portion of the budget is
allocated every year to buy new
In an effort to bring in a few
office equipments.
changes, a consultant was hired.
The company is giving fabulous
More resources have been allodiscount in an effort to woo
cated to the new project.
customers.
2. Time-consuming : taking much
4. Short-handed : not having enotime
ugh workers
Because of time-consuming
As they were short-handed they
paper-work Mandira couldnt get
had to work a lot more that day.
anything else done.
In case you are short-handed,

inform me.
5. Downsize : to reduce the size
and expenses of operations,
mostly by reducing staff
A fixed amount of money is given

to cover any miscellaneous expenses.
Some miscellaneous tasks remain
to be done.
Theyve become short-handed

since the downsizing.
10. Delegate : to entrust to others to

do
More than half of the staff has

been downsized over the past
two months.
The Chairman believes in delegating responsibilities.

Some duties have been delegated to female staff members.
6. Efficient : producing the desired

result with minimum effort, ex- 11. Administrative : relating to
pense, or waste
mana-gement of office affairs
I think he is efficient enough to
The entire administrative machiorganize the office and make it
nery needs to be geared to enrun smoothly.
sure efficiency.
The problem requires efficient
handling.
7. Put on the back burner : to deal
with later
There are a few things that have
been put on the back burner.
The workload is heavy; put a
few things on the back burner.
8. Temporary : lasting for a short
period; not permanent
We need some temporary staff
to finish the work well in time.
The load of administrative work

keeps her busy all day.
12. Restructure : to organize (a
com-pany, business, etc.) in a
new way to make it operate
more effi-ciently
Some new appointments have
been made in order to restructure the company.
The company has, of late, been
restructured and has brought in
young people.
Some temporary measures were

suggested by the supervisor.
13. Consistent : always behaving or

happening in a similar, esp.
postive way
They often hire temporary staff
who work only in times of need.
Check that each file is consis9. Miscellaneous : consisting of
many different kinds or qualities
tent with the other, with the

information in the same order.
They dont seem to be in a mood

to take on any employee in near
future.
15. Collate : to put papers in proper
order
14. Take on an employee : to hire
Collate the papers in numerical
Sushma has taken on a partorder.
time employee to help her in her
After going through the report
work.
she collated the papers.
There has been consistent
growth in the economy for the
past few years.
Business Operations
In business you may have to
explain how to operate a computer,
an automatic ticket machine, or a
gadget. Sometimes you need to
understand explanations of how to
get machines to work. It is important
to adjust your language in order to
take into account the people you are
talking to. They may be your customers, clients or colleagues. People
who use modern machines arent all
experts who understand the technical processes and terms. You have to
be user-friendly and employ simple
instructions in language that isnt too
technical.
or explain the details of services

which are offered. Often you have to
explain when certain things happen
and in what sequence.
There may be technological process taking place on production
lines, in factories or in workshops,
where new materials are transformed
into finished products. Some processes are partly and some are fully
automated. Given the rate of change
in industry and commerce, people
are expected to refer to complex
manufacturing operations.
Expressions :
Sometimes you may have to des- 1.

cribe commercial processes and tell
others how things are done. As business operations are becoming increa- 2.
singly more complex, specific arrangements or processes need to be
explained in a simplified manner.
3.
You may have to describe how
manufacturing process is organized,
The company has offered to facilitate a regional conference next

month.
The current organizational structure does not facilitate efficient
work flow.
Check that the batteries have
been set the right way round or
else the appliance will not work.
4. Position all the parts in the right 16. As long as the talks are in progress we cant say anything.
place to assemble the machine/
system.
17. We are forwarding all the items
5. Americas main resources are
on the list in accordance with
good agricultural land, forests
your request.
and nuclear power.
18. Our company delivers such items
6. To ensure efficient operation,
in bulk.
streamlining of staff is neces19. We request payments in advance
sary.
for all orders under Rs.10000.
7. Despite a large number of pro20. We must ask you to take full
blems and setbacks the protoresponsibility for the goods, as
type has come on schedule.
long as they are in transit.
8. In order to clean and service the
21. The final decision can only be
machine you need to dismantle it
taken in consultation with the
and then put it back together
zonal manager.
again.
22. Please treat this information in
9. In the course of refining oil, gas
confidence.
is a major by-product which
arises and is not always needed. 23. Mr. Sinha has been in charge of
our Hyderabad sales office since
10. Specifications may have to be
last year.
altered slightly for the overseas
market.
24. You must learn to remain calm

under pressure.
11. We have technical experts to

carry out the necessary mainte- 25. Youll have to spend a lot of
money if you want the new
nance.
model.
12. The capacity needs to be enlarged as manufacturing is to be
done on a big scale.
13. Cutting back manpower is the
only solution.
26. If you want to finish early,

youve got to concentrate very
hard now.
27. Weve all got to work together on

this project.
14. Most of car manufacturers still
produce their vehicles on an 28. Shouldnt you switch it off first ?
assembly line.
29. Somebody ought to do something

about it.
15. Could you please remain in contact with the head office until 30. It neednt cost very much to
the negotiations are completed.
produce.
31. You may call on me at my office.

32. You must come round for a meal
some time.
33. Hewlett Packard might buy their
company.
34. The firm could build the car at
that plant.
37. I think it is right for the company to pay more for overtime.
38. Experience is essential for that
job.
39. We have a fully automated assembly line.
40. Follow the instructions closely.
35. This could be why the company

closed down.
41. Im sorry, could you explain that

part again ?
36. We are considering enlarging the

present site.
42. Sorry to bother you, but I cant

help.
Investment
this number seems likely to
When you put money, effort or
double over the next year.
time, etc. into something to make a
profit or get an advantage, you 7. Oil India Limited have/has made
invest. The effort, time or money is
sizable investments in recent
called Investment.
years to improve their plants efficiency.
1. Now, she suggested was a good
time to invest in the property
8. Videocon have invested millions
market.
of rupees in upgrading their
2. Mr. Gopalakrishnan invested his
quality.
savings in his sons business.
9. People now refuse to invest in
3. Tata have invested heavily on
companies without a good social
their automobile industry.
record.
4. The company plans to invest 2
Portfolio : the securities owned
crore in the overseas project.
for investment purposes
5. Hinduja brothers have invested
Why dont you expand your porsignificant amounts of time and
energy in making this project the tfolio by investing in a wide range of
stocks and bonds ?
success that it is.
6. About 900 companies have invested in imported equipments and
Satyendra has a share portfolio

worth about 20 lakh rupees.
Mutual Fund : a company that

invests pooled funds into a diversified list of securities
Stock : the outstanding capital of

a company
Study the companys prospectus

well before you decide to invest.
His brother is in brokerage firm

and he could give you some insider
advice.
Sheela bought 2000 shares of the

Managing industrial funds is eas- companys stock.
ier as a group of people do the tradWhich of the two stocks is more
ing for you and your money is spread profitable ?
among a variety of different investStockbroker : a person or comments.
pany that buys and sells stocks and
Mutual funds and securities are
shares for other people
the most common ways to invest.
Nitins stockbroker sold his
Diversify : to invest in the stocks
stocks just before the prices of his
and bonds of different companies in
shares fell.
different industries
Shirleys stockbroker recommends
Be careful enough to diversify
that she diversify her investment
your investment so as to spread the
port-folio because she has all her
risk of loss.
money in one stock.
She decided to diversify her
Sanjay Kumar Jaiswal set up a
holdings by investing in a variety of
brokerage firm after doing MBA.
stocks.
Insider : one who has access to
Prospectus : a document describprivileged information
ing a project or enterprise
The Chartered Accountant suggested going through the prospectus of

the company to know its continuous
growth.
Risk : exposure to chance of
injury or loss
If the market takes a hit, you may
risk losing your money.
One insider described the situation as absolute chaos.

Gopichand has been accused of
insider trading as one of his colleagues heard him sharing confidential
information with someone over the
phone.
Bond : contract document that

Before taking such a risk, study
promises to repay money borrowed
the market.
The greater the risk one takes, by a company or by the government
the greater the potential is to make a
lot of money or lose it all.
He keeps investing money in

savings bonds.
Governments often issue bonds

to raise money for development
schemes.
They expect a handsome return

on their investment.
Returns have not been as sound

as had been expected.
3% inflation is expected this

year.
Forecast : to state expected future

Shares : equal parts of a com- occurrences
panys capital
Market analysts forecast the value
The value of her shares has fallen
of the stock to double in three
by 5%.
months.
Ive got some shares in Reliance.
Continued growth in the economy
Sound : financially secure
has been forecast.
Sound economic base is necesInflation : substantial rise in
sary to plan further.
general price level
I hope the position of the comHigh inflation and mounting fruspany will be sound in a year.
Return : profit from an invest- tration led to the fall of the government.
ment
Sales
Sales is an act of exchanging 6. Ashutosh Banerjee works in Sales
something for money.
(department).
1. Bajaj are expecting a record sale 7. I dont believe a word he says
of the latest model of their
about the washing powder - its
motorcycle.
just sales talk (talking to persuade you to buy something).
2. Despite tough competition, the
8.
The Apex group has a 1200
sale of the photocopier has been
strong sales force.
quite impressive.
3. IBM has grown over the years 9. Ms. Datta has an excellent sales
pitch (special way of talking to
due to the large sale of its new
possible buyers).
computer.
4. Sales of scooters have gone down 10. We are a little worried as retail
sales have fallen in February by
over the years.
10%.
5. I must tell you that the sales of
the Korean blanket were up last 11. Export sales have shot up by
20% this year.
month.
12. Sony reported booming sales

figures.
13. Whirlpool have launched a sales
drive to improve their sales
figures.
2. If you compare the prices with

the leading shops, youll find
the savings irresistible.
3. Instant coffee doesnt compare
with freshly ground coffee.
14. That is purely a business cam- d. Brand name : the name by which
paign.
a certain label is known
15. Mr. Dixit has been appointed
sales and marketing director.
1. I prefer wearing brand names

as mostly their clothes fit well.
16. She has been asked to take

charge of Sales.
2. If you go after the brand name

Ill suggest you to buy Sony.
a. Outlet : a market for goods
e. Take notice : to be aware
1. McDonald have their fast food

out-lets all over America.
1. They took notice of the quality

we delivered.
2. They have plans to have their

own outlets in major cities of
India.
2. Have you taken notice of the

wide range of toiletries they
make ?
b. Retail : the sale of products

directly to the customer
f. Tactics : any methods to gain

something
1. Raymonds have retail outlets

in all capital cities of India.
1. Sales representatives apply

various tactics to get customers to buy their products.
2. Retail sales are not picking

up.
3. The company makes and
retails moderately
priced
readymade garments.
2. She could understand his sales

tactics when he promised to
offer a gift.
4. Its much cheaper to buy

wholesale than retail.
g. Dominant : more important,

powerful or noticeable than other
things
c. Compare : to look for similarities

and differences between two or
more things
1. The company has achieved a

dominant position in the
Indian market.
1. Compare prices before you

buy expensive itemsthat way
you can save a lot of money.
2. Companies are fighting today

for the domination of the software market.
3. The dominant feature of Onida

is its after-sales service.
1. They offered irresistible bargain.
h. Irresistible : so attractive that

you feel you must have it
2. Its difficult to refuse such an

irresistible salary.
Marketing
3. Their strategy seems to have
The activity of presenting, advermisfired somewhere.
tising and selling a companys products in the best possible way is b. Position : to place or arrange
known as Marketing.
1. They appear to be well posi1. The companys marketing strategy
tioned to become the leader in
has paid off very well.
their field.
3. Marketing people are always
looking for new ideas.
2. With their expanded capacity,

they have positioned themselves ahead of others.
4. Survival demands successful marketing.
3. I dont think they have properly positioned their product.
2. Marketing is vital to business.
5. Today most of the MBAs hope for

a career in marketing.
6. Business cant thrive without
successful marketing.
7. How can you expect them to sell
something that has such low
marketability ?
c. Aim at : direct at
1. They are aiming the campaign
at housewives who buy washing powders.
2. Their quality and price is
aimed at the upper class.
d. Appeal : to attract or interest
8. If you can get along well with

people, marketing will suit you.
1. Some commercials appeal to

all sections of society.
a. Strategy : a plan
2. The discount appeals.
3. Sports-shoes ads mostly appeal

1. Unless you apply a good marto the school students.
keting strategy, you cant get
ahead in business life today.
e. Universally : everywhere
2. They should develop some
new strategy to market their
services.
1. These days credit cards have

become so popular that they
are universally accepted.
2. Most of the marketing strategies apply universally.

f. Target : to aim at
1. The company
growth rate.
targets 5%
2. Pepsi have lately begun targeting the rural masses.

g. Concentrate : to focus
1. You need to concentrate more
on the assignments that youve
been given.
2. Concentrate on the practical
aspects of marketing.
h. Segment : section
1. Certain segments of women of
women like watching TV
series such as Saas Bhi Kabhi
Bahu Thi and Kahani Ghar
Ghar Ki.
2. The urban segment of population is more aggressive.
3. Sound human relations is vital

to a companys growth.
k. Responsive : making a quick reaction to something or someone
1. Their marketing worked because they had a wonderfully
responsive audience for last
nights performance.
2. People have been very responsive to the campaign carried out by Philips.
l. Promote : to encourage the popularity, sale, development or existence (of something)
1. Advertising professionals are
always having to think up new
ways to promote products.
2. Eating much sugary food promotes breast cancer.
3. To promote their products the
sales team is going to Malaysia.
i. Campaign : a series of planned

actions
m. Analysis : examination of something in detail in order to discover more about it
1. Godrej plan to launch a campaign to promote their new

washing machine.
1. An analysis of five years work

revealed errors and inconsistencies.
2. Their campaign aims at only a

selected few segments of the
population.
2. After making a careful analysis

they discovered that white and
black were the most popular
shades for car in urban areas.
j. Vital : very important
1. Advertising is vital to market- n. Commercial : an advertisement

ing.
1. They are getting a commercial
designed for their new soft
2. Co-ordinated team effort is
drink.
vital to any projects success.
2. Commercial breaks are necessary to get the programme

going as that generates revenues.
3. A few commercials have been

added to the show.
4. Some commercials target the
rural audience only.
Salary
A fixed amount of money agreed 11. They cant help but freeze all
salaries for a six-month period.
every month/year as pay for an employee, part of which, that is left once 12. Our company has 124 salaried
tax has been paid directly into his or
staff.
her bank account every month is
13. All staff members took a
called Salary.
drop in (= accepted a lower)
1. Sanjeevs net monthly salary is
salary in order to help the firm.
Rs.18000.
14. Ms. Ahuja is on a salary of
2. Nivedita is on quite a good salary
Rs.18000.
in her job with LG Electronics.
1. Modest : not too large in amount
3. Samir earns decent salary in the
a. I dont mind getting a modest
UK.
salary because, to me, its the
4. Madhumita gets a high salary in
pleasure of the work and not
her present job in Australia.
the money thats more impor5. If they offer decent salary, you
tant.
should join immediately.
b. They offer a modest salary,
6. Top salary earners face a much
which is complemented by a
heftier tax.
generous bonus at the end of
7. Savita negotiated a salary rise
each year.
with her Korean employee.
c. There has been a modest
8. There are, I think, relatively a
increase in their salary.
few salaried posts in the company-most employees work free- 2. Enterprising : full of initiative
and energy
lance.
9. Mrs. Bhatnagar was appointed
at a starting salary of Rs.16000.
10. They are likely to get salary
increase in May.
a. Mr. Rastogi has been quite

enterprising as in a span of
three years he has opened two
more manufacturing units.
b. Sahara India was started by a

few enterprising young men.
c. Enterprising people are usually innovative.
3. Earnings : money earned
a. Vandanas earnings is in five
digits now.
b. Their average earnings have
risen significantly.
c. Do something to compensate
the loss of earnings caused by
the accident.
4. Reward : something extra paid
for good work
a. After three years of service,

Mr.Arya will be eligible to
enroll in their pension plan,
which will be paid out to him
upon retirement.
b. Bholuram wont be able to
draw his pension till he is 60.
c. The couple find it hard to live
on pension.
7. Compensation : payment for services
a. His compensation package includes his annual salary,
benefits, and an annual bonus.
a. Employees are rewarded for

better performance.
b. The employees are quite

pleased with their total compensation package.
b. There was a reward for whoever gave the best customer

service.
c. The company compensated Mr.

Mukherjee for an injury caused
by faulty machinery.
c. Ms. Arora got a percentage of 8. Anniversary : yearly recurrence

the profits in reward for
of a date of a past event
having thought of the original
a. Sept. 12 marks his seventh
idea.
anniversary with the company.
5. Bonus : payment over and above
b. Tomorrow will be Ms. Usgaon
what is due
karkars twenty-first annivera. She has been given a holiday
sary with the corporation.
bonus. She feels delighted to
9. Benefits : programmes offered to
have extra money to go shoppemployees as a complement to
ing with.
their earnings
b. They paid Nazia and added a
a. Some employers offer great
bonus for the new customers
benefits like a month of paid
she had signed up.
vacation, a few paid personal
6. Pension : a fixed amount paid to
a retired person
days, and free membership to

a gym.
b. The company offers benefits

suc as bonus, rewards, health
coverage, etc.
c. The performance of the company has been quite well for

the last few years.
10. Promotion : advancement in

position
d. Mr. Mehra performs an important role in the organization.
a. Based on his outstanding

performance and dedication
to his work, Vishal has been
promoted from sales executive to assistant manager.
b. Gauravs promotion to branch
manager took everyone by
surprise.
c. The job seems I promises to
have excellent promotion prospects.
e. The performance of the company has been quite well for

the past few years.
13. Raise : increase in pay
a. Girish got a raise from
Rs.20000 to Rs. 25000 a
month.
b. I dont think they will give
you promotion and raise this
year.
14. Retroactive : effective as of a

past date
11. Entitled to : to have the right to
something
a. Shes got promotion and
a. Each employee is entitled to
health and life insurance.
b. You will be entitled to your
pension when you reach 60.
raise, which is retroactive to

January.
b. The ruling should be applied
retroactively.
c. Their pay rise is retroactive
to the beginning of this year.
c. That may affect your entitlement to compensation.

15. Retire : to stop working in order
to relax usually because of age
12. Performance : the way one carra. Save enough before you retire
ies out work
after five years.
a. A few executives were reprib. After retirement a new phase
manded for their poor perforof life begins.
mance after failing to compc. He says his dream is to retire
lete a number of projects on
early in life so he has more
time.
time to do the things he
enjoys, without the pressure
b. They also gave rewards for
of a career.
achieving excellence.
Committee
Committee refers to a small group
of people who are chosen to represent a larger organization and either
make decisions or gather information
for it.
They continued discussing the

second item on the agenda for half
an hour.
The president put Human Resources at the top of the agenda.
1. Mr. Harish Nayyar is on the

Mission : the main purpose of an
management committee.
organization
2. The committee have/has deciTheir mission is to get ahead of
ded to make a visit to Kolkata to
others in the small car segment.
get the views of the consumers.
The mission of LG has always
3. Ms. Nupur is a committee membeen to give quality service to its
ber/member of the committee.
customers.
4. Joseph Abraham sits on the
Take a break : to rest
companys planning committee.
Youve been working for six hours
5. They have decided to have him
straight
on that project. Why dont
on the management committee.
6. A committee meeting was held you take a break and get some fresh
last week to review the function- air ?
ing of the administrative machinery.
7. Do they have anything new on
their agenda at the next committee meeting ?
8. A new committee has been set
up to study recycling.
She takes a break every two

hours to refresh herself.
Points : main ideas or issues
Main points were taken up at the
committee meeting.
The main points addressed were
circulation, advertising and pricing.
9. Rather than setting up a commiRather than going in details,

ttee why dont they go for some
suggestions were made to take up
other alternative ?
important points only.
10. Ive been informed of having
Every point was discussed in
been chosen to be a member on
good detail.
the committee.
Agenda : list of things to be discussed at a meeting
Do you have any more points to

make?
Crux : the basis; essence of the

matter
In light of development all around,
The crux of the matter is commuwe need to review our policies.
Why dont you think in light nication gap.
In light of : in relation to
The crux lies in not upgrading the

quality with the demand of the
Well gentlemen, in light of price changing times.
The crux of the matter is good
rise we have decided to reduce prohuman relations.
duction.
of changes that have taken place
globally ?
Alleviate : to make less intense

Focus on : to direct ones attenor easier to endure
tion to
The meeting focused on issues at
hand.
Short breaks alleviate the pressure of work.
The Chairman focused upon a

few specific areas.
In order to alleviate the workload

the company has taken on fifty more
workers.
They stayed focused on improving

quality.
Colleague : an associate in a profession or office
Archanas colleagues gave her
news of her promotion.
His colleagues supported him
when he demanded over-time payment. She was sitting in the canteen
with her colleagues.
Consensus : general agreement

Unless there is consensus on
importing the latest technology we
cant move ahead.
After the consensus was reached
the papers were signed.
Having consensus on this proposal is rather difficult.
Recommendation : saying that

Fit the bill : to be suitable for someone or something is good
the intended purpose
Committees on specific areas are
As you are an experienced automobile engineer you fit the bill in
Hyundai.
I dont think she fits the bill in
The Times of India as reporter.
appointed to make recommendations

to the board.
On his recommendation they
appointed him as management trainee.
The consultant recommended insDo you think Suman fits the bill
talling
video cameras.
as receptionist ?
ad hoc : for some specific purpose only
Do you think the offices need to

be fitted out with air conditioners ?
Fit out the reception hall with

A few employees have been appovideo camera and television.
inted on ad hoc basis.
Run late : to not be on time
Every year they form an ad hoc
committee to review the progress of
She apologized for having run late
their overseas business
to the meeting.
Fit out : to provide equipment for
the business.
Lately they have fitted out the
company with pentium 4 computers.
I think you have run late today.

I dont know why despite warnings you keep running late to the
office.
Money
In business situations you have to
talk about money with suppliers and
customers. You have to physically
handle money or deal with figures
and money on paper. You may have
to fill invoices for customers orders.
Sometimes you have to send a customer a reminder because they have
not paid an invoice.
a. Check that the dividends have

been sent to the shareholders.
b. Due to massive loss the
company has not declared its
dividend this year.
c. They have promised to pay
handsome dividend this year.
1. Debit : a sum of money taken 3. Bankruptcy : inability to pay

back (given by a court of law)
from a bank account
a. The money will be debited from
your account each month.
b. The account was in debit at
the end of the year.
c. Mrs. Gupta paid with her debit
card.
d. Has the bank debited the
money from their account ?
2. Dividend : a part of profit that is
paid to people who own shares in
it
a. The company suffered a huge

loss and was forced into
bankruptcy.
b. The Directors feared that the
loss would bankrupt them.
c. The recession has led to many
small businesses going bankrupt.
d. Mrinal went bankrupt after
only a year in business.
4. Overdue : not paid, done or

returned when expected
a. Such policy had long been
overdue.
b. A good balance has been overdue.
c. Changes in the tax system are
long overdue.
b. Sangeeta will be invoiced for

those items after the end of
the month.
c. Invoice the goods to my
account.
d. Will you invoice me or do I
have to pay now ?
8. Overheads : regular costs that

you have when you are running a
5. Assets : property
business, such as rent, electria. His assets include shares in
city, wages, etc.
the company and three houses
a. Suggest some ways of reducin Hyderabad.
ing our overheads.
b. Liquid assets are money, or
b. Many businesses have of late
things which can be easily
moved out of Mumbai because
changed into money.
the overheads there are so
high.
c. A companys assets consist of
cash investments, buildings, 9. Debt : a sum of money that
machinery and copyright matesome-body owes
rial such as music or coma. He paid off all his debts beputer software.
fore leaving for Hongkong.
6. Charge : an amount of money for
b. Vinita has an outstanding debt
something, esp. a service or actiof Rs. 2 lakh.
vity
c. Ankit has run up credit card
a. Banks charge commission to
debts of lakhs of rupees.
issue drafts.
d. He died heavily in debt.
b. She asked them to charge the
e. Some countries have huge
bill to her account.
foreign debt burden.
c. The meal was charged to her
10. Turnover : amount of business
account by mistake.
done in a period of time;the rate
7. Invoice : a list of items provided
at which employees leave a
or work done together with their
company and are replaced by
cost, for payment at a later time
other people
a. They sent an invoice for
Rs. 90000.
a. Supermarkets usually have

high turnovers.
b. The company has an annual

turnover of $ 5 million.
c. The company has high turnover of staff.
11. Inflation : a general continuous
increase in prices in a country
a. The inflation rate has been low
this year, thanks to the new
policy of the government.
b. The government seems all out
to control inflation.
c. The country had an inflation
rate of 3% last year.
d. Wage-increases must be in
line with inflation
Expressions :
7. They have given some cautionary

advice to the new staff about
dealing with customers who do
not pay at once.
8. Most of the companies make
extra payments at Christmas, Id
and Diwali as it is an optional
feature in our country.
9. Get as much statistical information on the suppliers before we
decide where to buy our material.
10. We need to check whether we
have a systematic description of
all the companys orders since
last Decem ber.
11. We have an exclusive department for dealing with customers
complaints.
1. The opening of a new branch of

12. Most companies these days are
Allahabad Bank is an important
encouraging customers to disdevelopment for the area.
pose of their old music systems
and buy new ones.
2. The new design is up-to-date
and visually very stylish.
13. She asked him to send $ 30000
or the equivalent in her own
3. If you want cheap and affordable
currency.
products you can buy them at
the discount department.
14. Is $1 equivalent to about Rs.55 ?
4. The manager prefers to leave
financial affairs to the chartered
accountant.
15. If you are dealing with the

Indian orders, be sure to give
priority to the Wipro order over
all others.
5. The accounts department supplies them with a quarterly list of 16. The auditors were asked to have
all payments.
a look at the annual figures first.
6. Most companies contribute towards vocational training.
17. Videocon and Onida have confidence in their product.
18. Overseas customers usually 20. The companys turnover has

been so good that they are
insure against damage or at sea
planning to take out a few more
just to be safe.
models of washing machines.
19. The uncertainty about oil prices
may interfere with their plans 21. They are a large firm involved in
fruit export business.
for expansion.
Jobs
Different conventions apply in
different countries to the process of
job application and interviews. In
most of the countries it is common to
submit a typed or laser printed c v
(curriculum vitae British English)
or resume (American English).
A cv has all the information about
you : your education, background
and work experience. A letter of
application is attached with it. It is
expected to be either handwritten or
word-processed. A supplementary
information sheet containing information relevant to the particular job
may also be required. Some companies expect all your personal information to be entered on a standard
application form.
There are different kinds of interviews. There may be traditional
one-to-one interviews or panel interviews. In panel interviews one or
more candidates are interviewed by a
panel of interviewers where applicants have to demonstrate how they
can cope in actual business situa-
tions. The atmosphere of an interview may vary from the infor-mal to

the formal. Interviewers may take a
friendly, neutral or even hostile
approach. Different interviewers
apply different techniques. The best
rule for the applicants is that they
should Expect the unexpected and
Be yourself .
There is another kind of interview
that is known as progress interviews where employees have the
choice to review their work and to
set objectives for the future. This
interview takes place after a new
employee has worked for several
months. This normally takes place
once or twice a year.
The salary that goes with the job
may be only part of the package.
There are extra benefits like a company car, cheap house loans, bonuses, pension schemes, free canteen
meals, long holidays or flexible working hours that make the job more
attractive.
Expressions :
1. Well-prepared candidates do
well at interviews.
14. Vaibhav was the most promising

applicant for the job.
15. If youre self employed you are
your own boss.
2. The applicants are to be 16. Could you explain to me what

interviewed by a panel of four
the responsibilities of the job are?
managers.
17. How much tax do they pay ?
3. Money workers in service indus18. Do you know her present annual
tries are usually paid badly.
salary ?
4. They began to feel that their 19. A company car, subsidized meals
work was unrewarding/dull.
or low interest loans are all
5. The company, they say, has a
high staff turnover.
6. Akai conducted a survey among
their staff, because they wanted
to recruit and keep better
workers.
7. Staff wanted to be appreciated
and duly rewarded for their
work.
fringe benefits.
20. They produce that material on a
large scale.
21. I expect them to supply the
product quickly.
22. Our new product is on display at
our showroom.
23. Its easy to find our product on
the market.
8. Mona discovered that the cus- 24. They claim to have their sales
tomers are happier when the
engineer on the spot who can fix
staff are loyal and highly motithe fault.
vated.
25. They supply samples and demo9. Most of the workers were not
nstration equipment on request.
mainly motivated by pay.
26. I have had the goods on order
10. For most Indian shop workers
for two months, but they havent
pay is not the most important
arrived yet.
reason for job satisfaction.
27. Normally we accept delivery of
11. Fill out/in/up the application
goods as undamaged.
form.
28. On closer inspection we found
12. Vishal is going to make chartered accountancy his career.
that some components were unusable.
13. They have appointed a few

management trainees.
29. Kitty spoke to Karamchand on

the phone last week about it.
30. We can have the goods for six

weeks on approval. Then we can
either return them or pay for
them.
31. Utkarsh travelled to Bareilly on
business but managed to do a
little sightseeing while he was
there.
32. Im afraid Ms. Gupta is on
holiday/vacation till the end of
this month- May I help you?
33. You may be offered the job on
condition that you start work on
the first of next month.
34. The candidate doesnt look very
good on paper but he is very
impressive in person.
35. Madam ! You cant keep it permanently, but you may have it
on loan till the end of the month.
36. I applied for a job that I saw
advertised last month.
37. My friend Satish, who feels very
nervous at interviews, finds it
hard to put himself over.
38. A handwritten letter shows much
more of ones personality than a
typed one.
39. I told her about my experiences
in Paris, which was interesting.
40. Her cv is very impressive.
41. Ive heard about the vacancy

from a friend who works in
Human Resources.
42. Kalyani gave me some information that/which was supposed to
be confidential.
43. I heard about this from a
colleague, who assured me it
was true.
44. Shalu sought an appointment
with the Managing Director.
45. Shirish says that the Board of
Directors will take the final
decision.
46. The couple have supplemented
their income by working overtime.
47. He has been authorized to sign
the letter on behalf of the boss.
48. Their relocation plans are proceeding on schedule and they
will be making the move on April
2 next year.
49. High-flyers are people who are
given special training and experience to make them into top
managers of tomorrow.
50. She was working in Bangalore
where they have their headquarters.
Problems
Problems are part of life. Your
business you come across different
types of problems. You may have
problems with your suppliers. Your
new supplier may not be able to work

with you well and may even let you
down on delivery dates - even if their
prices are low and they are eager
to make a good impression and get to handle and suppliers have special
ways of dealing with them. However,
further orders from you.
valid complaints receive more sympaGoods are shipped by air, sea,
thetic attention.
rail or road. Goods are always insured in transit through an insurance
Expressions :
company or insurance brokers. If the
goods are damaged, lost or interfered 1. They rejected the merchandise
with in transit, claims for loss or
because it was faulty and dedamage are made. When a consignmanded a refund.
ment is received, it is examined and
2. The goods were damaged in
the delivery note is signed to confirm
transit.
that the goods have been received
and that they are undamaged. How- 3. The clients have been compensated by the suppliers.
ever, damage and errors are often
noticed when the container is unpac- 4. Why dont you make an insuked and rescheduled.
rance claim to recover the cost ?
There may be problems due to
mistakes made by the suppliers.
Dissatisfied customers may be
offered a replacement, a refund or a
credit note. A buyer usually has a
contract with a supplier. It often
includes installation of equipment by
qualified personnel, regular servicing
for a limited period after a delivery
and having a service-person on call
at 24 hours notice to fix breakdowns.
5. They have sent the consignment

by air.
6. They offer a rebate in case of
any damage.
7. Minor repairs or adjustments
are carried out by their own
technicians.
8. Call a service engineer if a major
repair or modification is required.
9. The guarantee expired last year
and, unfortunately, his service
contract was not renewed and is
now void.
Once the payment is made for the

goods or the service, the customers
may be in a weak position because
they cant refuse the goods, now. 10. Due to unforeseen circumsNormally after-sales service is provitances, the goods could not be
ded willingly and without argument.
cleared through customs, so we
Refusal to provide good service
paid a storage charge while they
affects the companys sales in the
were held in a bonded warefuture. Some customers are difficult
house.
11. There are certain trade restrictions such as governmental boycotts and quotas.
12. Get to know about CAD (cash
against documents) and d/p
(documents against payment).
13. Exporters often get useful advice
from Chamber of Commerce.
25. There is a lack of spare parts

for such old machines.
26. Regardless of the cost, they are
interested in buying a sophisticated machine.
27. The service department is responsible for maintaining the
machine.
14. It is a known fact that servicing 28. The service contract covers all
repairs to the equipment.
computers is more profitable
than selling computers.
29. Hewlett Packard replace any
merchandise that is faulty.
15. If cheaper electronic products
go wrong they are more likely to 30. The faulty items should either
be repaired or replaced immedibe replaced than repaired.
ately.
16. Its not a serious problem, its
31. LG has a reputation for the
only a minor fault.
quality of its products.
17. They have rejected the goods
because they consider the quality 32. Inalsa and Kenstar are the most
famous home appliance busito be inferior.
nesses in India.
18. They compensated for my loss.
33. TVS dont sell all their products
19. We intend to claim for the addiabroad.
tional expenses we have incur34. More of Hindustan Levers prored.
ducts are made by others than
20. You need a qualified engineer to
by Lever.
install a computer.
35. Customers can return any
21. Has any problem arisen so far
Liberty product at any time and
since you bought the machine ?
receive a replacement or a refund without question.
22. There may be delay due to
36. Tata is committed to satisfying
its customers.
23. As explained in the catalogue,
the machine carries a one year 37. Mr. Shekhar was presented with
a gold watch when he retired.
guarantee.
shortage of qualified staff.
24. The engineer is on call 24 hours

a day if there is an emergency.
38. Weve been negotiating with

Hero Honda since September.
39. We expect to make a large profit

on that deal.
52. If I had known that work was

going to take so long, I wouldnt
have started it before the week40. They have been putting presend.
sure on us to agree to their
demands.
53. Ask them to wait at the airport
until the Chairman arrives.
41. An order has been placed for a
new software package with one 54. You may have to stay the night.
of our suppliers.
Youd better take an over-night
42. Due to lack of technical informabag.
tion about the new processes
55. If the machine breaks down
the plan got delayed by a few
(goes wrong), well call/contact
weeks.
your service engineer immedia43. A good proportion of our custotely.
mers are completely satisfied
56. Her guarantee was valid, so they
with our product.
carried out all repairs free of
44. She objected to having to pay a
charge.
handling charge to the freight
57. If they had made a lower bid,
forwarders.
we would have accepted it
45. Max have, of late, merged with
immediately.
Dowell.
46. Please notify us of any change to
the shipping date.
58. If you realized how angry her

boss gets, you would know how
nervous she feels.
47. Were looking forward to making

59. If they refuse to pay up, well
new TV advertisements.
send them a threatening letter.
48. Shall we order large quantities
from the suppliers this month ?
60. If Mrs. Vohra had foreseen the

extent of the damage, she would
49. If the flight is delayed, well have
have checked all her insurance
lunch before the meeting.
policies.
50. If I was/were in charge, I would
give myself a rise.
61. We know well they will not
supply the goods unless they
51. Ill fly to Frankfurt if I manage to
receive the payment in advance.
save up enough money.
Mail, Phone, Cell Phone, E-mail & Fax

Communication by Mail/Post:
16. Sorry, I havent had time to

write.
1. Write and let us know how youre
17. Her letter had been mailed from
getting on.
Melbourne, Australia.
2. For further information write to
Prakash Chandra at the AIR 18. Could you mail those photoHelp-desk.
graphs to us/Have you sent that
film off to be processed ?
3. He wrote her several letters,but
she never wrote back.
4. Is there a letter from them in the
mail ?
5. We do our business by mail/
post.
19. Did you send off your application form ?

20. Complete all the details, then
send back the form.
21. Well be happy to get in touch

with you as soon as we finalize
the details.
7. Well be mailing the brochures
next week.
22. Meenaxi contacted several com6. Check regularly for new mail.
8. We are sending you a cheque for

Rs.2 lakh.
panies to ask if they could offer

her sales job.
9. Preeti sent a card to me while I 23. If the problem continues, try

contacting a hardware expert.
was holidaying in Goa.
10. All their products are available
by mail order.
24. I met Kashi in Lucknow and we

have stayed in touch ever since.
25. Do you keep in touch any of the

exporters from Hongkong ?
12. There must be some problem
with the mail. I sent them two 26. I think Id better get in touch
with Rachna to get more inforletters last month and they
mation about the deal.
didnt get either of them.
11. Kareena e-mailed me yesterday.
13. I think your photos are in the

mail.
27. When was the last time you

heard from Ms. Chandran ?
14. Why dont you apply for a new 28. We havent heard from you
about the last consignment we
passport by mail ?
shipped.
15. Priya mailed her resume to over
20 companies, but none of them
wrote back.
29. They posted Mukul the cheque

last Tuesday.
number you require. If you want the

31. There isnt much mail / post other person to pay for the call you
can make a collect call/ transferred
today.
charge call.
30. Whats you address/post code ?
On the Phone :
Whenever you make a call,

identify yourself by giving your name
and your position in the company
you work in. Also make sure youre
talking to the right person. When
making a call, say right away what
you are calling about. Be brief and to
the point. Dont waste time. If its a
bad line, say that youll call back
(make the call again) immediately.
Then start the call again. Speak
slowly and clearly. Have a friendly
voice. Keep smiling when youre
speaking. That enhances the quality
of your voice and you sound more
natural and interested. Take care not
to use technical terms or abbreviations because the other person may
not understand them as well as you
do. When you have to give important
information, like figures, names,
quantities, dates and so on, give
these slowly and carefully. Dont
interrupt the other person even if
you think you know what he or she
is going to say. Dont phone during
lunch time. Note down all the important information youre given by the
other person.
If you want to talk to a particular

person, you can make a person-toperson personal call. If you dont
want to be interrupted, you can leave
the phone off the hook.
You may be misunderstood when
talking on the phone, so its a good
idea to repeat any information
(especially numbers and names) back
to the other person to make sure
youve got it right. Always make sure
you know the name of the person
youre talking to. If necessary ,ask
them to spell it out to you, Try to use
their name during the call and make
sure they know your name too.
Sound interested, helpful and alert
when answering the phone. You may
have to make and receive calls to or
from regular customers and
prospective customers.
A good telephone manner not only
makes an impression in business,
but it also helps to make money.
1. Answering
machine /
Answer-phone : a machine that
answers your phone when you are
out and lets people record messages
so that you can listen to them later
Rohan wasnt in, so I left message

When you have to make an international call, first dial the interna- on his answering machine.
When Mini went out, she forgot to
tional code, then the country code,
then the area code and finally the switch the answerphone on.
Call back if you have any diffiAs he entered his cabin he switculty.
ched the answerphone off.
2. Answer the phone : to pick up
the receiver because the phone is
ringing
Has anyone answered the phone?
Someone must always be there to
answer the phone.
Seema called when you were out.

I said youd phone her back.
7. Hang up : to finish a phone
conversation by putting the receiver
down
Ill call you again (on) Monday

morning,
Rekha said, and hung up.
If no-one answers the phone, call
Every time I called them, somean hour later.
one hung up on me.
3. Busy/Engaged :
If someone uses rude language,
Every time I call the office, its
just hang up.
busy.
Anu tried to ring Santwana but it
was engaged.
4. Call : to phone someone
8. Leave the phone off the hook:

to not put the receiver on the phone,
so that people cannot phone you
Sometimes Shanti leaves the

She called me when I was in my phone off the hook when she goes to
office.
sleep.
Ill call you next week.
Even if Anupam is too busy, he
5. Call/Phone call : when someone phones someone else
She told me there were a few
calls for me when I was out.
never leaves the phone off the hook.

9. Message : a piece of information
Have they left any message for

us?
Have you received any call from
Mitsubishi ?
Im afraid hes not in right now.
Can I use your phone - I need to
make a quick call.
Give me a call when you reach
Paris.
Can I take a message ?

Check whether there is any
message for us.
Give me a call at the weekend.
I dont think Anita has left any

message.
6. Call back/Phone back : t o

phone someone who has phoned you
earlier, especially when you were out
10. Voice mail : an electronic

system on your phone that lets you
leave messages for people who phone
you when you are not available and

Mr. Jain, you have a call on line
lets them leave messages for you
one. Shall I transfer the call to your
As they had left the message in extension ?
my voice mail, I got the information
15. Phone Tag : calling back and
without having to call them back.
forth; being unable to reach the
Our new phone and voice mail person you are calling
help us get more done at our office.
11. Put on hold : to make a
caller wait
I need to put you on hold while I
get the other line that is ringing.
He got disconnected by mistake
when I put him on hold.
Due to phone tag we decided to

meet in person.
If there is a phone tag, get on email.
Telephonic Expressions :
1. I have to make a phone call.
12. Disconnect : to lose a

connec-tion
2. The phone rang and the man at

the counter answered it.
She was on her cellular phone

when she called and we got disconnected when her phone battery died.
She got disconnected by mistake
when Jawed put her on hold.
3. They like to do business by

phone/ over the phone.
13. Conference call : phone call

with three or more people
They set up a conference call so
they can all discuss that issue together over the phone.
Im expecting a conference call
with Mr. Chatterjee and Ms. Chopra.
As we were running short of time
we set up a conference call to discuss the problem.
14. Extension : number assigned
to individual phones
4. In business you never leave the

phone off the hook.
5. Hes been on the phone to
Godrej to make some enquiry.
6. Theyre not on the phone at the
regional office.
7. She was just phoning up for a
chat.
8. Manoj phoned to invite me out
for dinner.
9. For reservations, phone 01292225828.
10. Someone phone for an ambulance.
11. Geeta phoned home but there

This is Personality Dynamics. If
was no reply.
you know the extension of Mr.
Ahmed, dial those numbers now.
12. Dont forget to phone Meerut.
13. Two people have phoned in sick

this morning.
14. Listeners have been invited to
phone in with their comments.
30. Im afraid Mr Bachchan is with a

his secretary ?
we were cut off for a moment.
15. I need to phone the information

32. Please get me through to Ms.
in before six.
Bendre?
16. Were there any phone calls for
33. Just hold on for a moment. Ill
me ?
just find out for you.
17. Ill give you a call/ring tonight.
34. If he plays the electronic music
18. If someone is rude, just put the
system again, Ill give up.
phone down.
35. Are you through ? (Is the call
19. We speak by phone thrice a
over ?)
week.
36. Could you hold the line for a
20. Miss. Archana had three phone
moment, please ?
calls this morning.
37. If you need to contact me
21. He s on the phone now.
urgently, call me on my mobile
22. Meena phoned to tell me all her
phone.
news.
38. Abhinay wasnt in, so I left a
23. Phone home.
message on his answering
machine.
24. I left a message on Vijays answering machine yesterday and 39. When you go out, dont forget to
his voice mail at work but he
switch the answerphone on.
hasnt called me back.
40. Someone answer the phone !
25. Ill call you in the evening.
41. There was a call for you when
26. I turn my cell phone off when I
you were out.
go to sleep.
42. Give me a call when you arrive.
27. Im sorry I got the wrong num43. I tried to call her this morning
ber.
but it was busy. Then I tried her
28. Good morning. LG Electronics.
mobile phone, but it wasnt
switched on. Ill give her a call
29. I need to look up her number in
now. Whats her phone number?
the directory.
44. Hi Sheetal ! Oh sorry, I got the 4. Send the message by e-mail.

wrong number.
Fax (Far Away Xerox) : A letter,
picture
etc. that is sent electronically
45. I think Ill turn my cell phone off
in case thats Malay trying to call down a telephone line using a fax
machine and is then printed at the
me.
place that it has been sent to.
46. Every time you try to call her,
she hangs up on you.
Fax Expressions :
E-mail Expressions :
1. Send him an e-mail to attend the
meeting.
2. Do you know their e-mail number?
3. When I returned from Imphal
there were 20 messages on my email.
1. Mithilesh sent a fax to Mr. Arya

saying that he was resigning.
2. Send me a fax so I know how to
reach there.
3. Fax those files to our Pune office.
4. Tell him to send the data by fax.
5. Do you have our fax number ?
Personality
Dynamics
Personality
Dynamics
Personality is a dynamic force

that determines ones success or
failure in life. It is the sum total of
internal and external qualities of a
person consisting of physical and
mental traits. Development of personality depends on the will and
attitude of the person. Development
is a continuous process. You may
think of developing all life. It is your
attitude that determines your growth
over time. Personality dynamics
refers to the continuous process of
growing and discovering ones abilities and realizing ones potential. You
can transform yourself into a dynamic person if you are willing to

modify your attitude towards life,
and get ahead despite all odds
blocking your way.
Keep in Good Health

Be physically fit and energetic
enough to act upon your plan with
vim and enthusiasm. Physical energy
keeps you going despite serious
difficulties. Good mental health is
also important to excite your brain to
go for newer ventures and scale
glorious heights. Do some physical

exercise regularly. You may join a
gym. Do some physical work daily.
That keeps you active and energetic
all day and you get a good sleep.
Mental health can be gained by
keeping the company of the intelligent and good people, reading good
literature, staying alive and alert to
changes taking place all over the
world. Do your best to grow in your
field. Be positive about learning
newer things and adopting innovative
methods to improve the quality of
your life.
you, and you to them. Share your

joys and sorrows with only those
people who are intimate with you.
Get to know their nature. It is quite
human to feel an urge to share ones
feelings with someone. Your close
friends and dear ones offer you
support when they see you passing
through difficult times.
Study and assess the people you

get in touch with. Examine your
association with them. and assess
how far they may prove useful to
gear. Forget the concept of day and

night, and time your movement with
full dynamism and vigour. Talk with
the intelligent, stand the fools and
Agree to disagree with the people

around you. Learn the art of handling people and getting along with
them. Always be willing to cooperate
and share. This positive mindset will
enthuse you to aim higher and strive
to scale peaks of power and glory.
Study Yourself and
Let not hypocrisy show in your
relationship with people. Be flexible
Others
to a point but stay firm in your
Examine your personality. Think convictions. It energizes you and
of your strengths and shortcomings makes you feel stronger from within.
before you choose to do something. Your confidence, boldness and zest
Be clear and concrete about it. Make multiplies manifold and you feel a
a list of your capabilities and draw- new you emerging within you.
backs. Do it honestly. An honest
assessment helps you find ways to
Be Dynamically Charged
overcome your shortcomings that
hold you back. Study your strengths
Movement is life. Keep going about
and utilize them whenever the need things. Dont idle out your life cursarises. Think seriously over your ing situations and making one excuse
shortcomings and plan ways to or the other. Cherish a dream. Make
overcome them. Creative people have a plan to translate it into reality. Like
even transformed their shortcomings a machine that moves and generates
into their assets.
power and energy, get yourself in top
mes on personal grooming. If your

company has a dress-code, strictly
stick to it. Get your hair cut at
regular intervals and shave daily.
Women should resist the temptation
to appear gorgeous. Rather, wear
something that makes you look smart
and fresh. Show enthusiasm and
No movement is akin to death. interest when talking with people or
Make modifications in your plans if sitting at your desk. Look sharp and
necessary, or brainstorm yet newer eager to help or offer service. Have a
plans and think over means to glow on your face. It is a highly
achieve them. Be a live volcano that positive body language that makes a
shakes and makes news. Make news! very positive impact around.
keep going despite serious difficulties. Relax and have coffee or softy
to feel easy and comfortable. Allow
yourself some rest, and again set
foot on your track with multiplied zeal
and energy. In the process you
develop the habit of having enthusiasm and energy for your work.
Dress well, Look smart
Follow the latest trend
Whether you wear an Arrow shirt

or an Allen Solly trousers, if you
dont deliver something worthy and
meaningful, you dont impress. True,
it is what you deliver that counts
finally no matter what you are wearing. But corporate culture demands
having a good dress sense and wearing appropriate apparel at the workplace. There is no need to don the
most glamorous dress that invites
complements and raising of eyebrows. But of course, you must look
smart and impressive in what you
choose to wear. Your appearance
registers an impact on your colleagues and the people around. If you
are dressed well, you feel better.
Choose apparel that fits you well and
makes you feel comfortable. Many
companies conduct training program-
To keep growing and exploring

new avenues, keep tuning yourself
with time. Especially when you are
working in corporate sector, get to
know something of everything and
everything of something. Be open to
new ideas and creative methods of
going about your work. Read newspapers and magazines. In addition,
read some intellectually enlightening
literature. Read thought-provoking
articles. Read with an open mind.
Jaundiced mind blocks thinking and
insight and confines your thinking
within geographical boundaries. think
without any local or national bias.
Consider the merit of the work rather
than the boundaries that separate
mankind.
Watch T.V. Watch Discovery,
National Geographic and other such
channels to get to know a lot more

about the adventures of mankind
over the ages. If possible read internationally popular newspapers and
magazines such as Guardian, The
Observer, Le Monde, Time, etc. You
begin to sense the pulse of international affairs. The information you
imbibe by doing so, enables you to
leave an impression wherever you sit
and discuss topics. Get to know the
history of the modern world. Study
the present global scenario and the
role being played by the industrially
rich and powerful nations. Read
about political developments, industrialization, art and culture, the growing influence of a few powerful nations, the role of international organizations like the United Nations and
the emergence of new personali-ties
and their mark on the interna-tional
scene.
Doing all this will bring about a
miraculous change in you. You will
begin to feel more ambitious from
within.Which you had probably never
earlier thought of. Modify your plans
and begin to think more in terms of
results. Turn upbeat about life and
explore newer avenues. Feel full of
confidence and power.
Have a Strong Will-Power

Will-power is the most powerful
mental battery which generates immense energy within you and propels
you to move with great force. Examine your surroundings closely and
weigh your potential with all honesty
before you embark upon any new
venture. Take decisions only after
you have examined the role of most
of the vital factors that may influence
your plan. Take time to take decision.
Once you have decided, stay firm.
Keep brainstorming solutions to the
problems that emerge while you are
on your way. Let not others dampen
your spirit. Dust off negative suggestions. Dont be put off my frustrating
and discouraging comments. Decide
what you can do yourself and what
you want others to do for you. Handle
the people tactfully. Remember, people skills are vital to the success of
your plan.
Speak Well, Write Well

Speaking is an art which, if handled with tact, can take you far ahead
in life. Your command over the language shows from your fluency. To
communicate effectively, use easy
and common words. Have a good
vocabulary to understand the message if you come across some uncommon or difficult words. It is impractical to use uncommon and big words
just to show ones knowledge and
showing apart or appearing unique.
Remember, the language of the corporate world is very businesslike. If
two words communicate the message, dont go in for more. Use some
manner. People differ in their behaviour. Reactions to the two identical

situations are sometimes radically
different. Study the problem in reality
and behave accordingly. Identify the
demand of the situation. People are
fragile. Handle them with care.
Learn the techniques of writing. People skill comes with experience.
Be direct and formal in whatever you Keep up-to-date. Think your job. Be
write. If you have problem with your a thorough professional, an upbeat
hand-writing, practice writing a page and a dynamic one, out to get the job
daily. In ten days you see the done. Show willingness smartly and
wonder. Put forth your points in an intelligently that you could manage
intelligent, concise and convincing the things.
manner.
popular phrasal verbs and idiomatic
expressions. They add colour to your
language and people around love
sitting with you and enjoying your
company. Keep your voice calm, cool
and sweet when youre presenting
your ideas.
Work Hard
Be Creative
Feel free to try the unusual. New
ideas may strike you anytime, anywhere. Think of unconventional solutions if the conventional ones dont
work. Let not criticism bother you.
Explore new opportunities. Brainstorm creative solutions. Work differently if the idea is convincing
enough. Dont sulk if your ideas are
not accepted. Be positive to other
peoples ideas. Be ever ready to
modify and try again.
Apply Tact
Effectiveness is never a function

of how late you stay in the office. Its
what you do while you stay there
that counts. Achievers are hard
workers. After you have made a plan,
act upon it day in and day out towards your set objective. Forget the
definition of day and night. Work
upon your plan wholeheartedly. Sometimes you may have to continue
sitting for hours. Its all part of the
job. Accept it sportingly and feel
happy doing so.
Present Yourself Well
Dress well; look smart; deliver

quality.
That is the essence of corWhen knowledge fails to help,
tact shows the way. Observe people. porate personnel. Be decisive, puncStudy their strengths and weak- tual and straight forward in your
nesses. Remember, no two persons dealings. Develop a clear methodoneed to be dealt with in the same logy in your work. Work out in those
heat of competition tends to burn

you out, but it is your unflinching
faith in yourself that keeps you
going. Take problems head on with
firm determination and excitement,
and with time the heat goes off.
Risks may be taken but not before
you have thought hard enough and
Be Ambitious
measured the possible fallout. Think
Determine to excel in your field. of the problem from different angles
Rather than sticking to the defined and calculate well before you do
work schedule, plan your own ways something. Note down things that
to develop your skills and deliver you plan to do the next day, before
excellence in your performance. Let going to bed the previous night. Keep
challenges take out your potential applying the ideas you might have
and shine you through your career got from some book. Handle people
graph. Discover your potential thro- and things tactfully and keep moving
ugh accepting challenges. Note down with zing.
the important discoveries you continue to make about your personality
Be Assertive, but Not
for future action. Have a positive
Aggressive
attitude towards learning newer
things and sharpening your skills.
Aggressive behaviour comes from
Study the span of your career and fear lurking somewhere within ones
requirements for promotion. Study personality. Assertion is positive
your career prospects if you think of action. Assert the reality of the
job-hopping. Never think of kicking situation. Assert yourself. Go confiyour opponents through crooked dently about your plan. Dont let
means as that only undermines your negative suggestions of a few people
dignity. If you deliver excellence, put you off your track. Concentrate
youll automatically get past them.
on action. Put forth your points
areas that require your immediate
attention. Stay committed to your
venture no matter how difficult it
may seem at times. Its no use
regretting the past. Look forward.
Life has a lot to offer.
clearly and confidently. Dont talk too

much. It may take away some of the
Have faith, Be firm
shine you have generated. Dont
Have faith in your abilities. It is over-commit yourself. Check your
vital to the accomplishment of your over-excitement. Make statements at
task. At every step of life, there is appropriate time. Avoid making comstruggle and battle. Sometimes the ments to go safe.
Learn to cope with

stress
Work-stress and serious problems
cause tension. Be practical and
tactful while solving problems. Learn
to take life one day at a time. Dont
worry unnecessarily as that may
cause health problems. Think like a
winner who seeks solutions. Losers
look for problems only. If tension
runs too high at times, walk out and
have time with your friends over
coffee and music. Drive out to enjoy
the cool breeze sweeping across. Go
to a club or enjoy a movie with your
friends or family members. Dance to
the beat of some musical number.
Go to a restaurant; order your favourite dish. You begin to feel relaxed
and comfortable. At times, if you feel
things going wrong, bounce back.
Accept reverses calmly. Think about
what you need to do and then do it
fast.
source that needs careful and tactful

handling. People skills is referred to
as human resource management.
Never try to shade the truth from the
people no matter how bad sometimes
it may feel. People understand the
difficulties and support you but if
they are cheated with rosy dreams,
they never excuse you. Be straight
and direct in your dealings. Dont
play politics and tricks. Tell the
truth. People begin to trust you and
offer helping hand too. Always be
keen on delivering what you promise.
If you cant, state the facts.
Be the Real You
Project your real image. Check

the temptation to appear glamorous.
Be the real you with your strengths
and shortcomings. People accept
human weaknesses but they never
pardon fantasy around persons.
Learn to stay calm when you have to
face criticism. Accept constructive
criticism. State the facts of the situaWin the Trust of the
tion if you feel the need to inform.
People
Accept the responsibility and blame
If you get on well with others, if you make a mistake. People overyour task becomes easy. Human re- look your mistakes if you admit them
source is the most important re- openly.
The
Philosophy
of Work
organic system which converts inputs

of food, water and air into inputs of
behaviour. Work is the most important form of such behaviour. Human
body generates a certain amount of
energy, physical as well as mental,
for which work is the main outlet.
Work can be a pleasure. It can be an
energizing activity. It recharges the
human body and mind and gives you
an opportunity to understand, express and develop yourself. It is the
Work is a meaningful activity you mirror in which you can see your
pursue seriously. Your body is an real self very clearly.
Work is an essential part of mans
life. It gives him status and binds
him to society. Generally people like
their work. When they do not like it,
the fault lies in the psychological and
social conditions of the job rather
than in the worker.
Work connects you to your community. If you dont have anything to
do, youll get isolated. Therefore,
everyone wants to work and serve
the community.
Man works for at least three

reasons. First he has to procure the
goods and services needed for the
existence of his family. Secondly, he
develops friendly and cooperative
relationships with others through his
work. Thirdly, it is through his work
that he can develop himself as a
human being intellectually and emotionally.
process you also sometimes discover

your certain abilities and aptitudes
which you had never noticed previously.
You can make your work as

interesting as play. Only when you
enjoy your work, you are truly happy.
When work becomes play, you throw
yourself into it with great enthusiasm, energy and dedication. In the
stand yourself better through your

work. It is only through hard and
sustained work that you realize your
limitations and also discover your
previously unsuspected attitudes,
aptitudes and skills.
Even if you do the routine work

imaginatively and systematically you
add form and beauty to it. You feel
greatly satisfied having done it so
systematically. The sense of achievement which accompanies it is most
If you want to enjoy leisure, you stimulating.
must be prepared to pay for it in
McClellands research has shown
terms of intensive work. If you do that only men with high achievement
your day-to-day work, howsoever motivation succeed in business.
routine and mechanical, with a sense These men have irrepressible urge to
of commitment and thoroughness, improve. They have a passion to
youre richly rewarded with truly achieve excellence.
satisfying leisure. You sleep well
Work disciplines you. You explore
while the lazy are unable to get sleep.
yourself through work. You under-
Accept
Challenges
Through your actions, you determine the quality of your life. Difficulties that block your way expose
and sharpen you to the facts. Experience is vital to growth, as it shakes
you out of your slumber and tells you
what to do and what not to do. The
need is to accept difficulties as
challenges with full energy and
enthusiasm, act with firm determination and achieve your goal. Through
your work you also discover your
hidden qualities that you had never
been sometimes aware of.
Unless you have a dogged determination to achieve your goal, come

what may, you dont make much
headway. Just nurturing dreamy
thoughts about your ambition is not
going to do the job. The need is to
take time while choosing your goal,
weigh all the pros and cons, examine
your strengths and weaknesses and
then frame your career plan. Suggestions from technical experts enlighten
you about the facts related to the
job.
Life is not a bed of roses though

we try to make it so. Survival requires struggle. Struggle matures you to
the facts of life. When you plan
things methodically, you begin to feel
sure of achieving your goal within a
well planned time frame. Failure only
goes on to indicate the half-heartedness behind the effort. If you want to
be successful, plan to sketch your
future with your own hands. Let it
show in your behaviour. Slowly and
gradually you begin to feel an immense power within you. You feel
yourself full of energy and enthusiasm. Accept difficulties as challenges
that take the best out of you.
bread and butter. What you come

across in real life is often very different, new and sometimes amazingly
enlightening. You get real knowledge
outside your class-room. There are
countless examples of people who
did not get much of school or college
education, still they struggled and
attained name and fame.
Let not problems block your progress. Plan methodically and keep
solving them. You come across different realities of life that you had
never thought of. Problems sharpen
your sensibilities and enrich your
experience. Brainstorm solutions.
People who dont want to face problems dont get far ahead in life.
They achieve little. Socialize. Get in
touch with the intelligent and the
wise. Be ever ready and eager to
refine your intellectual build-up. Explore new avenues and add new dimensions to your life. Infuse enthusiasm and energy into whatever you
plan to do and achieve your goal no
matter how difficult it is.
Determine to act upon your plan.

Serious difficulties enlighten you
about certain limitations that lie
ahead. While you are on your way
you begin to discover your capabilities and shortcomings. Without
action, any plan, no matter how well
it has been thought of, doesnt make
any sense.
To show extraordinary, you must

erect a cult of life. Gear yourself to
grow intelligently and intellectually.
Look at life from different angles.
That gives depth to your thinking
and matures you. You learn to grow
even in the face of the most difficult
situations.
A farmer wakes up at the break

of the dawn and goes to his field. He
works all day applying his manual
and mental energy. When the evening sets in, he has the glow of happiness and satisfaction running over
his face. The sweat and rigour keep
him enthused. He gets happiness
from action. Having a firm belief in
Textbook knowledge excites your action is vital to your accomplishmental faculty to a certain extent and ments. Think dynamically and remain
enables you to compete for your upbeat. Be internally driven and
heated towards your goal. Be sincere

in your effort no matter where the
world goes and work wholeheartedly
towards your goal.
Learn to concentrate. Its a power
that gives you confidence. If you learn
to concentrate for longer periods, you
develop an immense power within
you that propels you to touch the
peaks of power and glory. You develop seriousness about your aim and
plan your actions very systematically.
Individuals take life differently.
To a martyr life is offering oneself for
some noble cause. To a leader life is
an opportunity to excel and lead
others. To a mother life means giving
love and care to children and having
a happy family life. To a business
tycoon life means edging past others
and having a major share in the
market. Different people, different
ways of thinking !
do and what not to do, how to plan

and execute better. If you aim to
have the best of life, learn to enjoy
intelligently each day and the hour in
the here and now. Learn from the
accomplishments of the great, keep
your intellectual excitement and enquiry fully charged. Stay original despite temptations. Plan your success
with your own talents and apply
them to the conditions that come
your way. Dont fret and regret.
Realize your short-comings and act
immediately to transform them into
your assets. Avoid nurturing any
sense of guilt as that will only
weaken and deaden your zeal for life.
Study yourself. Analyze your

strengths and weaknesses and make
a list of those areas when improvement is required. While planning
your future, closely examine the
situation you are in, weigh the different options realistically. Analytically
Have a vision of the good you assess your potential. List those
cherish. Be enthusiastic about it areas where improvement is required
when seeking its fulfillment regard- and set out to realize your dream.
less of obstacles. Have faith in
yourself as it is the dynamic power
Know what you want to
that breaks the chain of routine and
do
mundane and gives a new, fine turn
to ordinary. Let faith invigorate your
First you need to assess your
will, enrich your mental faculty and merit and drawbacks. Get to know
awaken your sense of creativeness. what you are good at doing and then
It is vital to your accomplishments in do it. Study your drawbacks and
life.
take immediate steps to overcome
Life is a unique school in which them. It may be knowing in detail
your experiences teach you what to about marketing techniques or getting
to know about any new book by

Philip Kotler. It may be training of
some kind, or developing a particular
skill or developing a more positive
attitude and seriousness towards
what you plan to do.
Set demanding targets. Frame a
deadline. It is vital to stay active. But
take care not to over-commit yourself
as that will only lead to unnecessary
tension down your body. However,
pursue excellence in your work.
hard before you make any such

decision. Be ambitious to achieve
something that will make a difference
rather than something that is safe
and easy. Strive to offer something
that will drastically change the things
around.
Be clear and specific about what

you want to do yourself and what
you want others to do for you.
Consider all your tasks and eliminate
the irrelevant ones. Take a broad
Stay focused. Think and analyze view but dont ignore the significant
the contribution youll be making by detail. Sometimes it is necessary to
achieving the target. Let not temp- penetrate beneath the surface to find
tations get you off your track. Have out what is really happening. But
steely determination and use all take care to do it selectively.
possible resources towards your aim.
Get along with the changing
Set your priorities right. Do the most trends. Be flexible enough to adapt
important thing first and then only to changing demands. If you keep on
move on to the less important ones. doing what you have done succeTo identify your priorities pick your ssfully before, you are almost bound
future as against the past. What you to fail. Keep track of the changed
plan to accomplish must be studied situations, and plan and act accordin the light of the past experiences. ingly.
That way you get a better picture of
your possible future achievement.
Do the following
Dont follow the crowd. Learn to
take your own decision after you
have got all the facts and suggestions
from the experts of the field. Choose
your own direction. Closely examine
the different possible aspects of your
plan from various angles and then go
about them in your own way. Dont
get tempted by suggestions such as
Go as the world goes. Dont climb
on the bandwagon mindlessly. Think
Communicate well
Express yourself in a clear,
concise and persuasive manner. Be
direct and to the point. Present your
arguments in a logical sequence.
Solve the problem

Have a rational and logical approach to the problem you have. Sometimes you have to imagine solutions
in a very different or creative manner.

Sometimes conventional solutions
dont work. Take a different approach
if the situation demands. As life is
increasingly becoming more and more
complex, unique solutions are being
brainstormed. Management students
apply much of their brain to case
studies. They often come out with
unconventional and creative solutions. Sometimes a very different line
of thinking proves to be very productive.
Keep your ears open to new

ideas
Listen to what others say. Sometimes non-technical people too offer
brilliant suggestions. Dont be opinionated. Act upon any new ideas
that you feel has grains of solution.
Show an interest in some innovative
and creative ideas that you had
never thought or heard of before.
Stay motivated
Motivation is a very strong force

that takes one to great heights.
To learn making good decisions, Think of what you can do and what
you need to develop your analytical makes you tick. Be clear about your
skills. Look at the problem from goal. Set a standard that is grounded
different angles. Study the likely on the requirement of the task. Take
effects of your decision. Study the an objective view of the situation and
environment you are working in. Ask feel elated when you have accompyourself many times how well your lished something.
decision will go in achieving the
Manage yourself
expected results. Be creatively alive
to the problem you have. If your
Be in full control of your work.
decision is going to affect a small Separate the essentials from the
number of people you may experi- inessentials that litter your desk.
ment some new ideas too. Develop Think of ways to simplify your workand apply your analytical ability and load. Where appropriate, forget the
skill. That makes you feel confident rules and relax. That is the best way
and you learn to take better deci- to manage yourself in the face of
sions.
difficulties.
Take good decisions
Time
Management
Manage Your Time
make an assessment of the quality

that needs to be delivered. Set a
It is time that sells in business. time-frame for all your business
Learn to manage your time well and operations. If you manage your time
set a deadline to achieve your aim. If well, you manage your business well.
you lose time, you lose business, you
Think systematically about how to
lose customers, you lose credibility, use your time. You can then take
you lose your image and reputation.
steps to organize yourself better and
Gear yourself to meet the
demands of the situation and stay
alert to changing trends locally,
nationally and internationally. Study
your business; study the mobility of
your competitors; study market and
to get other people to help you. Find

out where there is scope for
improving your use of time.
Begin with your job. Analyze the
tasks you have to carry out and the
objectives you have set to achieve.
Try to arrange your priorities into a

sequence between your tasks and
among your set objectives. Sometimes it may turn out to be a tough
job as you have a number of potentially conflicting areas of responsibility. Decide what you should do
yourself and what you can delegate
safely to others.
Sort out your main priorities and
then analyze in more detail how you
spend your time. This way you will
be able you to identify time consuming activities and indicate where
there are problems as well as their
possible solutions.
Maintain a record of your activities in a diary. You get a better
picture of your movements. Organize
yourself. Spot your weaknesses. If
you manage things quite successfully, learn to plan your work ahead.
Creative, dynamic and result-oriented people discover that they perform best if they have to meet almost
impossible deadlines. If you work
under pressure, you will discover
that your mind concentrates wonderfully. But often you have to work
under a variety of conflicting pressures. It is better to try and minimize
the need for working under exceptional pressure by a little attention to
the organization of your week or day.
Use your diary for long-range planning; organize your weekly activities in
broad outline and plan each day in
some detail. Make a list of tasks to
be done today. Mark them A. Tick

the tasks to be ideally done today.
Mark them B. Mark the tasks to be
done later with C.
Sit down at the beginning of each
week with your diary and plan how
you are going to spend your time.
Assess each of your projects and
tasks and work out priorities. Leave
blocks of time for dealing with
correspondence and meeting people.
Try to preserve one day to feel free
from all your professional responsibilities. Relax with your family members and your near and dear ones.
You may draw up or buy a simple
weekly organizer form and record
what you intend to do each day.
At the beginning of each day,
consult your diary to check on your
plans and commitments. Refer to the
previous day's organizer to find out
what is outstanding. Keep ticking off
your tasks as they get completed.
Add the incomplete tasks to the ones
you have planned to do the next day.
When you are organizing yourself,
you can take help from other people
too. They include your colleagues,
subordinates and outside contacts.
When dealing with

your boss
Your time may get wasted with
over-long meetings, needless interruptions and nitpicking. You cant do
anything about him but you can learn

how to avoid doing the same to your
subordinates. If possible, apply tactful phrases such as I think its clear
now indicating that you have been
quite serious about managing the
things. Of course, its difficult but its
worth trying.
When dealing with your

colleagues
ment. Brief your contacts on what

you expect from them and when
meetings should be arranged.
Time-saving Techniques
Problem No. 1 : When your work
piles up
Possible Solutions :
1. Set priorities.
2. Fix deadlines.
3. Make realistic time estimates Indicate subtly that you dont like
add 20% to your first guess.
interruptions when you are busy
Problem No. 2 : When you try to
with your job. Dont anger them by
shutting them out when they have do too much at once
something important to discuss. Get Possible solutions :
them to agree to meet you later at a
1. Set priorities.
fixed time. Avoid too many pleasan2. Do one thing at a time.
tries over the telephone. Be rational
3. Learn to say No to yourself as
but not rude.
well as other people.
When dealing with your

subordinates
Problem No. 3 : When you get

involved in too much detail
Possible Solution :
Think of the works you can safely
1. Delegate more.
delegate to your subordinates. This
Problem No. 4 : When you keep
saves a lot of your valuable time.
postponing unpleasant tasks
Delegate clearly as to how and when
you want them to report back. Talk Possible Solutions :
1. Make a timetable and stick to
to your subordinates about their job
it.
and outside interests. It is a time
2. Finish unpleasant tasks quickly
well spent and increases mutual
- youll feel better afterwards.
understanding and respect.
Problem No. 5 : When you dont
When dealing with
have sufficient time to think
outsiders
Refuse to meet people outside

your organization without an appoint-
Possible Solution :
1. Reserve blocks of timeyou may
have part of a day or week for
thinking. Dont do any paperProblem N0. 9 : When there is

work and dont allow any inter- too much of incoming paper
ruptions of any kind.
Problem No. 6 : When there are
1. Sort them into three folders.
constant interruptions from people
Mark them with captions act
calling into your office
now, act later, information.
Possible solutions :
2. Let not useless information
1. Refuse to meet unwanted
visitors.
bother you.
2. Fix appointment and see that

people stick to them.
3. Only check for written reports

and memos when you really
need them.
3. Reserve block times when you

dont want to be interrupted.
4. Present information and reports clearly and succinctly.
Problem No. 7 : When there are

constant telephone interruptions
5. Go for summaries rather than

the details.
6. Develop the habit of going

through the written text
rapidly.
1. Get the office staff intercept

and where appropriate divert
calls.
Problem No.10 : When you have

too many letters/memos to write or
2. State firmly that youll call back
dictate
when convenient.
Problem No. 8 : When too much
1. Make more use of telephone.
of your time is spent in conversation
2. Ignore individually
typed
acknowledgements.
1. Decide well in advance what
3. Practise writing a clear Yes/
you want to achieve when you
No/ Lets talk on the memos
meet someone, and keep pleyou receive and return them to
asantries to a minimum at the
the sender.
beginning and end.
2. Concentrate on keeping your- too much paper work to do
self and the other person to Possible Solutions :
the point. Stay alert not to
1. Do it immediately.
divert.
2. Set aside half an hour or so in
3. Learn how to end meetings
the day to deal with urgent
quickly on a cordial note.
correspondence.
3. Leave some time at the end of

the day for less urgent reading.
4. Aim to clear 90% of the paper
on your desk every day.
Problem No.12 : When some of
your papers get lost or mislaid
1. Arrange papers on current
projects in separate easily
accessible folders.
2. Clear the papers in your tray
daily.
thing regularly is a waste of

time.
2. Avoid the temptation of being
on the committee if you feel
your presence is not essential
and someone else is more
suitable for the job.
3. If you have arranged the meeting, set limits for its duration
and keep to them. Encourage
discussion but insist on making progress. Have a logical
agenda and stick to it.
3. Set up a filing and retrieval

system which will enable you
to get at papers easily.
4. Dont talk for the sake of

talking. Dont waste time scoring points or boosting your
ego.
4. Keep a day-book of correspondence to check and verify the

content and date.

to spend too much time on travelling
5. Keep your desk tidy and clear

of unnecessary papers.
Problem No.13 : If too much of
your time is spent in meetings
1. Dont arrange a meeting unless you have planned to
propose and discuss something new. Saying the same
1. Make use of telephone or post.
2. Send someone else.
3. Ask yourself before you plan
to go anywhere, Is my journey really necessary ?
4. Travelling by air, rail or car is
faster and saves a lot of your
time.
Conversational
Skills
Conversation is an affair of give

and take, and a good conversationalist is a good listener too. Good
conversation requires concentration,
sensitivity and skill. If you talk about
things of common interest, the other
person begins to take interest in
what you say.
Vital tips that will make you an

interesting conversationalist :
1. Talk about things of everyday life
to begin with. For example: The
food looks magnificent or The
traffic was terrible or Have you
seen the latest Shahrukh Khan

release?
2. Dont disclose too much about
yourself. Maintain a balance. Too
much disclosure can make the
other person uncomfortable.
3. Steer clear of controversial topics,
such as religion or politics.
4. Observe your partners details
like clothing, grooming, skin
colour, apparent age, and accent.
They will help you to place the
other person, and might throw
up topics for small talk.
5. To equip yourself with topics, 13. Dont criticize. If criticism becomes necessary, balance your
read the papers, follow sport;
criticism with praise.
watch informative television programmes; go to concerts; keep 14. Pay compliments. That encouran eye on fashion and social
ages healthy conversation but
change; look for amazing little
dont pay a compliment unless
stories as you go through each
you mean it.
day. Remember that curiosity is 15. Dont be coldly-and infuriatingly
the best attribute you can have if
-logical. Better to say nothing
you want to be good at conand help your friend to clear up.
versation.
16. Maintain pace and pause in your
6. Remember that in conversation
conversation. Choose the right
even the sincerest of people
words when you halt briefly to
rarely say precisely what they
correct yourself or rephrase a
mean.
point. Dont be afraid of wellspaced pauses.
7. You may join the conversation
with a smile and asking some- 17. Admit your shortcomings politely. People begin to accept and
thing like: Do you mind if I join
trust you.
you?
8. Take care that you dont talk too 18. Listen attentively with all concentration. Use body language
much. That puts the other perlike nodding to suggest that.
son off.
9. If someone interrupts, ask him
or her to let you finish what you
were speaking.
19. Do remember that the other

person has a right to an opinion.
Agree to disagree.
10. Dont go into too much detail of 20. Dont worry if you cannot find
the right word in conversation.
anything.
Tell your listeners what you are
11. Dont try to be funny the whole
trying to express, and they will
time. This may exhaust others.
usually help you Everyone forgets
Avoid this trap. Most humour
words from time to time, and
arises spontaneously, and is a
other people enjoy supplying
shared pleasure in conversation.
them.
12. Dont imitate other persons 21. Try to improve your vocabulary.
accent. The other person may
This will help you to be more
feel patronized or mocked. Stick
adaptable in conversation and
to your own accent.
able to talk to a wider range of
people. Read more-novels, books

on history and current affairs, or
the quality newspapers.
22. If you want to end a conversation, do so quickly and decisively. Statements like : Its been
interesting talking to you or
make an excuse - to go to some

food or to bathroom or you can
indicate that you wish the
conversation to end by standing
up, telling the other person how
much you enjoyed his or her
company.
Public
Speaking
If you want to influence people in

your private, business and public
life, learn the art of speaking effectively. If you want to be successful
public speaker, you need to prepare
and present very well.
yourself plenty of time, ideally two

weeks to prepare yourself well.
Remember, what you deliver and

how you deliver are equally important. Rehearse your speech aloud
Some people become so nervous considering the use of your body and
at the thought of speaking in public voice. Prepare the content of your
that they put off thinking about it. If speech early to have plenty of time to
you want to speak in public, you rehearse and refine your speech.
Most speakers dont impress
must prepare well. Choose and organize appropriate material to rehearse because the ideas and the language
adequately. If you rehearse well you do not belong to them but others.
begin to feel more confident. Give They do not meditate upon the
matter they collect. They speak but

fail to impress.
Famous speakers like Gandhi,
Kennedy, Churchill, and Lincoln did
not visit big libraries to cull their
speeches from. What they spoke was
born out of their contemplation,
experience, personal ambitions and
the aspirations of their people.
The need is to contemplate upon
what you have collected and then
prepare the matter to be delivered.
Make sure that you know exactly
what the organizers of an event expect of you. Get to know your audience. Ask the organizers about them:
their age, gender and occupations.
Different groups expect different
things from you. Ask the organizers
about the size of the audience and
the room layout. You may even ask
them to arrange some equipments to
facilitate better delivery of your
speech and engagement of the audience.
When your audience knows a
great deal about a subject, you dont
have to elaborate. If they know little,
you will have to spell out the background in more detail, and explain
your arguments step by step.
Get to know well in advance

exactly when you are speaking and
how long. If people have gathered for
a couple of hours before you deliver
your speech, they may well be
relieved if you keep your speech
brief and to the point.
If you have been given vague
information about timing, take things
in your own hands. Tell your audience how long you intend to speak
and whether or not you will be taking
questions afterwards. If you are
asked to continue further, suggest
that you take the last ten minutes for
questions. If necessary, supply a brief
account of your career and achievements.
Once you are given a subject to

speak on, start thinking about it.
Whenever you get an opportunity to
talk to anyone about it, do so. Should
a new idea occur, note it down in
your pocket pad. Continue doing this
for a week or so. You can easily
draw upon the rich storehouse of
your experiences. After you feel you
have collected enough material to be
delivered in the allotted time, arrange
them in order. Remember to check
the authenticity of the information
Some members of the audience
you have gathered. You may take the
are sure to have views strongly oppoideas of other writers only to supplesed to your own. You need to plan
ment your own experiences.
beforehand accordingly. Anticipate
While preparing, put yourself in
their most likely objections, and be
sure you deal with these in your the position of a member of your
audience. Think of questions he might
speech.
ask you and then angle your researches accordingly. Your research will
involve finding out plenty of facts
and figures to help you prove your
point. Dont get too bogged down in
statistics and masses of information.
Try to dig out plenty of appropriate
anecdotes, jokes and quotations to
lighten the load of hard fact. If you
entertain and inform, you keep the
listeners attention.
An old maxim runs
Be careful with criticism and controversy. If possible, avoid criticizing.

However, constructive criticism must
always be backed by solid argument
and evidence. Appeal to peoples
financial and social aspirations or
group pride. Everyone desires to be
identified with a particular group in
society.
Let the style of your speech be
easy, conversational and confidential.
Make your audience feel that you are
confiding in them a personal experience which is worthwhile and
which will be helpful to them. Unless
your approach is personal, your
speech will not have the desired
impact. Use simple words instead of
high sounding and difficult expressions. If you are your natural self,
the audience is more likely to be on
your side.
Rehearse before a full length
mirror. Adopt a posture which is of
strong, serious, dignified, and a
confident bearing. Start practising
delivery before the mirror. Watch
your facial expressions and improve
upon them. Do not smile unnecessarily or blink needlessly. While
practising before the mirror examine
the movement of your limbs, and
body. Avoid excessive gesticulation
and look at your mirror image as the
audience would see you.
First I tell them what Im going to

tell them, then I tell them, then I tell
them what Ive told them.
Remember, there is difference
between the spoken and the written
word. While reading is active, listening is passive-and as a result listeners have poorer concentration. Most
people listen attentively for about 1015 minutes and then their attention
wanders.
Spice your speech with humour
at intervals. That keeps your show
going and keeps people glued to their
seats. Never tell jokes if you are not
good at telling jokes. Many effective
and enjoyable speakers never use
them.
You may surprise your audience
too. You may even ask for a show of
handsHow many people have
experience of working in night shift?
This way you will get your audience
Manners and Gestures
physically involved as well. You may
Stand naturally and upright. Dont
even ask some members to demonsstand casually. Stand with your feet
trate some techniques.
a foot apart. Keep your left foot a

little ahead of the right foot and the
heels about two inches away from
each other. This position is suitable
as the weight is equally distributed
on both feet and if you get tired you
can move your right foot slightly outwards or your left foot slightly backwards. A completely erect posture is
not desirable as it will make you look
artificial and stiff.
addressing the particular body you

are going to address. When the
chairman or another office bearer
introduces you to the audience, you
should rise and bow slightly. The
bowing should not be low and
formal. A slight respectful bowing is
enough.
After you have assumed your

position, address the audience as
Ladies and Gentlemen or as the
In a formal address allow your situation demands. Never call out a
hands to hang to the sides and do long list as that puts the audience
nothing with them. You can use them off. Any special dignitary sitting on
easily and freely if you have to make the dais should be specially mentioany gestures. If you keep your hands ned. After these formalities are over,
at your back or in front, it is incon- speak the first few sentences in a
venient to make gestures. Use hands slow, deliberate and measured tone
for gestures and emphasis only. for the audience to clearly hear what
Avoid fidgeting. Dont put your hands you are going to say. If there is a
noise, stay quiet till there is perfect
in your pockets.
Your eyes form an important link silence.
Dont preach or pontificate to
with your audience. Look at them,
measure their reaction and adjust to your audience. They will resent and
it. Dont fret if people look at their turn against you.
watches. Your eyes should reflect
your sincerity of purpose. Do not
assume a vacant look. Be alert.
Speak with your eyes as well as your
tongue.
Try to make your conclusion

memorable so that when the listeners leave, that remains uppermost
in their minds. Never introduce any
new points in the conclusion. It is a
At the beginning of your speech good idea to learn to memorize your
address the chairman or president of opening and concluding lines. Always
the occasion by his official desig- decide in advance what your opening
nation as "Mr. Chairman", etc. If a and conclusion will be, otherwise you
woman, address her "Madam Chair- may ramble inconclusively.
When you conclude, bow slightly
person" or "Madam President". You
must learn the correct way of and then step back to sit down.
Dress
Sense &
Grooming
MEN
clothes and style are indicative of

good business dressing.
It is important that what you wear
Dont ever get tempted by the
is appropriate, of good quality and in latest fashion trends. Dont slavishly
good taste. Your dress sense reflects follow the fads that have of late
the kind of person you are. It is begun to rule the market. Emulate
important to be well groomed and upper management in tone of dress.
neat in your appea-rance. It also If your company has a dress code,
shows your attitude towards yourself stick to it.
and the kind of person you are.
When you go shopping, consider
Observe people who stand out in
their apparel. Observe the things
and colours that impress you. Ask
yourself whether his dress goes well
with his job. Ask someone whose
the investment you are going to

make. Think of the quality you are
going to have and how long the dress
could be in your wardrobe. Dont buy
heavy duty clothes that are going to
last a life time. After a certain period

the apparel begins to lose its colour,
charm, and appeal and you begin to
feel changing it for some fresh and
new one. Before you purchase,
consider the type of work and the
style of the company you work for.
Apart from fabric and style, consider
the fit. Consider the style and colour
and see whether they are right for
your shape or size, your skin tone
and hair. Buy quality rather than
quantity. A few clothes only will be
enough if they make you stand out
and appear smart. Dont get tempted
by sexy and glamorous clothes.
If you wear jogging shoes to

work, change both socks and shoes
when you arrive. Socks and shoes
absorb the perspiration of walking
and can be very offensive for the
rest of the day.
Keep your hair well cut, washed,

and well groomed. Outdated haircut
and styles, grease and excessive hair
spray are not good business etiquette. Keep nails manicured and
clean.
Keep an emergency kit that has

toothpaste and toothbrush, comb,
lint brush, nail file and clippers, a
fresh shirt and a tie, razor, deodorant, and shoe buffer.
Dont wear frayed watch-bands to

work. Replace them.
Check that your briefcase is well
polished and in good repair. Replace
it if necessary.
If you feel ill, stay home. It is
poor manners to share germs or to
expect sympathy for any illness.
Dress decently. Dont wear overly

Clean your teeth after you have tight pants, flashy jewellery, and
finished eating. If you have to clean watches.
your teeth in an office washroom,
If your company doesnt allow any
wash the bowl after and wipe it dry
facial hair, keep moustache and
with paper towels.
beard clean and trimmed.
Take bath daily. Use deodorant,
Wear fresh and clean underwear.
mouthwash and a foot deodorant.
Wear clean and pressed clothes.

Check for stains after each wearing.
Sew on loose buttons.
Dont discuss or describe operations or medical procedures while you

are in office.
Avoid using small tissues. Use

handkerchiefs.
Keep your shoes polished and in
good repair.
Wear executive length socks so
Use only good quality and subtle that no hairy shank is exposed when
perfume, cologne and after-shave.
you cross your legs.
WOMEN
Think twice before you decide to

change the colour of your hair. Its
Dress decently. Dont wear low- confusing for your associates and
cut blouses or bursting buttons, tight they may label you as indecisive or
cloth-ing or flashy jewellery.
flam-boyant.
Keep your nails fairly short. False
nails are meant for performers in
entertainment rather than business.
Be mindful that your underclothing is
not visible. Always show neat and
clean.
Wear fresh and moderate makeup. Dont wear false eyelashes.
Keep an emergency kit that includes sewing necessities. toothbrush and toothpaste, extra pantyhose (neutral shade), nail polish and
emery board, light brush, comb and
mirror, hair spray, deodorant, tampons and shoe buffer.
Wear pressed saris or suitsno
wrin-kles or bulges.
Always blot lipstick after application. It is a very poor etiquette to

leave red impression on glasses and
cups.
Wear jewellery in moderation.
Dont wear jangling or clanging bracelets.
Wear well-made quality shoes with
a low or medium heel. Avoid ankle
straps, sandals. and fussy shoes for
business.
Never wear lacy stockings or
fancy pantyhose to work.
Make constant wardrobe checks
for frayed blouses and suits. Replace
them when necessary.
Never put your handbag on a

desk, boardroom table, or restaurant
Never wear western fabrics (jean table. Consider investing in a briefmaterials, bandana fabrics, etc) to the case that incorporates a purse within
office.
its design.
Corporate
Etiquette
Corporate Etiquette : 1
1. Business etiquette is an inspiring
force that gets the business going
smoothly. It shows class.
2. Remember, Corporate Protocol
powers relationship, drives cooperation and facilitates communication.
3. Rather than getting excited and
growling, stay calm despite odds
and accept them gracefully.
4. Use kind and encouraging words
to people who have not performed up to the mark.
5. Avoid the temptation to speak.

Learn to listen. Sometimes what
you dont say is more important
than what you say.
6. If you want to get out of a conversation, simply say, Excuse
me, and walk away.
7. If your office hours are nine-tofive, it means work starts at nine.
Stay strictly punctual.
8. Never criticize someone in front
of others.
9. Never yell inside your office premises.
10. Never eat your food while you

are talking over the phone.
3. Use correct grammar when you

are speaking. People make an
impression about you from your
language also.
1. If you know the rules of etiquette

and good manners you can
handle any situation with ease
and confidence.
4. Grumbling and complaining all

the time spoils your image.
2. Dont keep hoping only for the

good things to happen. Make
them happen.
6. Braggarts dont command respect. What you deliver speaks

volumes about you.
3. Respect your guest. Put a rose

on the night stand for your
overnight guest.
7. Be accountable to your responsibilities.
4. Say Im sorry to a senior citizen

standing close to you and offer
him your seat.
5. Make promises only if you are

sure of fulfilling them.
8. Develop
your conversational
skills. It helps you get ahead
much faster.
9. Be approachable.
5. Stay active. Do what you can,
with what you have, where you 10. Be decent and honest in your
dealings with your colleagues and
are.
clients.
6. Return phone calls.
7. Dont forget to respond to RSVP.
8. Drink moderately. Dont let the
alcohol control you.
9. Shake hand warmly, gently and
smartly. There is no need to
show your strength.
10. Dont undermine the importance
of others.
1. Dont interrupt unnecessarily
when someone is making his
point.
2. Dont gossip at your work place.
Youre not paid for that.
1. Sense of humour is a lubricant
that eases situations and human
relations. Keep applying it.
2. Learn to enjoy working with your
colleagues. That is what they call
Team Spirit .
3. Respect everyone no matter how
big or how small they are. You
learn and earn class this way.
4. Have a dynamically positive attitude towards everything you do.
5. Listen to people. Two ears and
one mouth justify the logic.
6. Be sensitive to the atmosphere of

the moment rather than having
your fingers crossed about your
future plans.
7. Tact = Interest+Sincerity+Caring.
Gordon Lindsay has also offered
the magic formula, Give the
other fellow the sense of ease in
your presence.
8. Avoid making assumptions. It
makes you feel arrogant. See
how future unfolds itself.
6. Speek good language; use good

words. Foul language flushes
your business down the toilet.
7. It is not only the big things that
count. Little things of day-to-day
life matter a lot too.
I. Learn to appreciate people.
II. Be positive about whatever
you plan to do.
III. Communicate openly and
directly.
9. You have your problem halfsolved if you have stated it well.
IV. Use Please and Thank you

when you want or get any
favour.
10. Get out of the ITTYTWIT (I

thought that you thought what I
thought) trap. People differ.
8. Learn to kiss if you have to communicate effectively. (KISS) Keep

it short and sweet.
1. Speak as well as inform.
2. Let the world unfold to you on
the internet. Widen your scope.
3. Get to know the news of the daylocally, nationally and internationally.
4. To get the conversation going
smoothly, avoid tasteless jokes,
politics, religion, personal finance, poor health, family tragedy
and sex.
5. Remember, small talks infuses
colour and interest and gets the
conversation going. Talk about
sports, cultural events, food and
restaurants, weather, hobbies,
movies, etc.
9. Terms of endearment sound well

in personal situations. Dont use
Honey and Dear in a professional environment.
10. Build relationships to keep your
business thriving.
1. To be successful in business
avoid using the pronoun I.
2. Try to remember the names of
people you deal with.
3. Learn to maintain integrity. Dont
do the wrong thing. If you do
what you say, and say what you
have done, you maintain integrity.
4. Offer a warm handshake both to
greet and also when the job is
done. Remember, there is no

gender bias in business. Both
men as well as women may
extend the hand. Let the handshake be firm, quick, and selfassured.
5. Learn to maintain solid eye contact with the other person. That
is what corporate dealings demand.
6. Dont wait for introductions. Just
do it.
7. When you have to introduce
yourself to strangers - relax for a
moment.
8. When you have to introduce a
group, first mention the names
of those whose rank is higher.
9. When you have to initiate conversation among people, offer specific facts about each person that
will arouse common interest.
10. In corporate world men and women enjoy equal status. Treat
them equally.
one, after a meal and social

event. Offer only one at a time,
once rapport has been established.
3. You can conquer fear by doing
the things you fear to do, provided you keep doing until you get
a record of successful experiences behind you.
4. Office etiquette demands that
you dont chew gum, use slang
(highly informal regional language), air kiss, flirt, tap your fingers or pick your nose or teeth.
5. Dont use too much perfume or
cologne.
6. Personal notes matter. Include
them within your business letter,
hand-write them at the end of a
letter.
7. Make your stationery a direct
reflection of you and your companys image. Basic white, grey
or ivory paper are common paper.
The most commonly used inks
are blue and black.
8. When writing a business letter,
be brief and too the point. Write
in short sentences and use a simple closing, such as Sincerely.
1. Use business cards to remind

someone who you are and how to
reach you, attach it to an article 9.
you are sending and enclose with
it a business gift.
10.
2. Present your business cards
after a senior executive requests
Set your watch early to make

sure you wont be late.
Business time has nothing to do
with your mood. Leave it at
home.
Dare to
Take Risk
If you laugh, you risk appearing

the fool.
If you weep, you risk appearing
sentimental.
If you reach out for another, you
risk involvement.
If you expose feelings, you risk
exposing your true self.
If you place your ideas, your
dreams, before a crowd, you risk
their loss.
If you love, you risk not being
loved in return.
If you live, you risk dying.
If you hope, you risk despair, If
you try, you risk failure.
But you must take risks.

Because the greatest hazard in
life is to risk nothing.
If you risk nothing.
You do nothing.
And you are nothing.
You may avoid suffering and
sorrow.
But you cannot learn, feel,
change, grow, love, or live.
Chained by your attitude, your
are slave.
You have forfeited your freedom.
Only if you risk, you are free.
Continental
Dining
Manners
Continental dining is quite simple.
You use forks, spoons, and knives
while having your meal. You hold
fork in your left hand and the knife
in your right hand throughout your
meal. You push the food into the fork
aided by a slight nudge with the side
of the knife held in your right hand.
Once you have the food firmly on the
fork, you convey food into your
mouth.
In American style you hold the

fork in your left hand, knife in your
right for cutting meat. After this, you
have fork in your right hand for
eating while you leave the knife on
the plate.
In Indian dining you may have the

food served in your thali. You have a
choice of eating either with the small
spoons provided or with your bare
fingers. The spoons make for easy
delivery of food to your mouth and
When you have desserts you hold also leave your fingers clean. It is
the fork in your left hand, the spoon your choice. Eating with the fingers
or knife in your right. If you are is an art cultivated by constant
eating an ice cream or a cake, you practice. But be careful not to soil
the fingers above the first knuckle.
hold spoon in your right hand.
Arrangement of Silver :
If you find a dish out of reach on

the table, do not stretch across your
Forks go to your left, knives and
neigh-bour or lean across the table.
spoons to your right. You always
Politely ask, Would you please pass
begin from the outside i.e. farthest
the beans, Nissim ?
from the plate and course by course
If there is provision for beverage,
work to the centre. After finishing
never
sip it at table until your mouth
the main course, you place the knife
and fork beside each other on the is empty and you have wiped it clean
dinner plate, with their handles with a napkin. This ensures the rim
slightly extending over the edge of of the cup or glass is free of greasy
the plate, sharp side of the knife marks. You can test hot soup or
blade facing inwards, fork lines up to coffee with a careful sip from the
spoon. Replace the spoon on the
the left of the knife.
You unfold the napkin and place saucer when its not being used.
it on your lap as soon as you are
If there is a hint of an oncoming
seated. But at a formal dinner the burp, cover your mouth with a napnapkin is picked up only after the kin and say Excuse me to no one in
host unfolds his. Some men have the parti-cular.
funny habit of tucking the napkin
You can always decline a dish by
into their shirt collar or even belt !
a
polite
No, thank you, but this is
Never use it as a face towel. A
napkin at table is used to clear the not passe. It is good manners to take
smear of grease from the lips being a little of every dish doing the round.
transferred onto the rim of the glass. In case a dish does not tickle your
After the meal is over, the napkin is palate, camouflage it on your plate so
placed on the left side on the bread that its barely noticeable.
plate refolded but not crumpled into
It is your duty to talk to the
a heap or thrown into the plate ! person on your left and right. It is
Once the host places the napkin on very impolite to ignore people. You
the table, it means the meal is over need not engage in incessant chat.
and those guests who are also That would not be doing justice to
through the meal, follow suit.
the business at hand. Take light
At a small dinner its polite to wait
until the host serves himself and he
picks up his fork to begin the meal.
If it's a large dinner, the food in the
plate might get cold, hence it is
proper to start eating after serving
yourself.
topics during your conversation and

avoid delicate subjects like religion,
illness, politics, though the last is not
strictly taboo. Deflect the conversational ball immediately if there is a
hint of hostility or tempers growing
high.
Accidents do occur without notice.

If you drop your dish or splash gravy
on your neighbours dress there is no
need to feel crestfallen and wear a
frown for the remaining part of the
meal. You must apologize and your
host will take care to quickly mop up
the mess.
After a very formal meal, fingerbowls are brought in on the dessert
plates with a fruit knife and fork
placed on either side. After you have
finished your meal, cleanse your
fingers with lemon slices or peels
and the lukewarm water in the bowl
to help remove the grease left on
your fingers.
Dessert is the light sweet dish
(custard preparation, ice cream, etc.)
served after the dining table has
been cleared of all plates, dishes and
cutlery.
You may be invited to a buffet

(the meal at which guests stand and
serve themselves). Buffet is normally
preceded by a session of cocktails.
After this, soup usually does the
rounds in the living room. After
everyone has finished their soup, the
host starts the service by asking
some of the guests to go to the buffet
table. Sometimes once dinner is
announced, some people make a
dash to the buffet table. Avoid doing
this. In case there is a queue, avoid
jumping it. Plates and napkins are
normally stacked at one end of the
table. Knives, forks, spoons and
glasses are placed at the other end
of the table. Avoid obscenely loading
your plate with your favourite dish.
Its far better going in for a second
helping.
After the meal, coffee or liqueurs

(a strong, sweet alcoholic drink
usually drunk from a small glass
after meals) are normally served at
table. This is flexible as quite often
guests are served on a tray after
they have already trooped into the
drawing room.
In case of sitting, arrangement

take your seat with as little clatter as
possible. When seated, maintain a
fairly erect posture. Have your
elbows close to your sides to avoid
jabbing your neighbour. Once you
have taken your seat, avoid rattling
your knives and forks against the
plate or making unnecessary noises.
If you visit a restaurant with a

lady, let her run through the menu
and inform you about her choice of
dish. If you go with a group, tell the
waiter about the dish of your choice.
It is the duty of the waiter to attend
to orders.
When its time to leave, have a

few lines of appreciation for the
lovely meal. Words like Thank you.
The food was delicious. please your
host a great deal. Its a healthy final
note and an acknow-ledgement of
the trouble the host took.
Tips To
Stay Ahead
1. Nurture a burning desire for

accomplishment. Believe in yourself your job and the people
around you.
2. Maintain integrity by going by
your word and staying committed to delivering quality.
3. Be honest and straight in your
dealings. Apply wisdom; avoid
cunningness.
4. Have thorough knowledge of
your job.
5. Learn sales techniques.
6. Combine your intelligence with
your experience to develop judgement.
7. Be highly disciplined in your
work.
8. Put the interest of your company

above you.
9. Develop stamina never to stay
off duty.
10. Provide the best service to your
clients.
11. Keep applying your imagination
and creativity. Develop or adapt
programmes to meet the needs
of your product and your market.
12. Win trust of the people you are
working with and the ones you
deal with outside your company.
13. Gain the confidence of the management by being efficient and
effective in your work.
14. Work towards improving yourself and seeing your organization
or industry prosper.

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UPKARS

[ A Unique Book for Management,

UPKAR PRAKASHAN, AGRA2

Price : Rs. 75/(Rs. Seventy Five Only)

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

Personality Dynamics 99105

Corporate culture refers to the

is highly charged with speed, quality

spoken in day-to-day life. Words

objective. A sound knowledge of

and fluent in talking while dealing

let you down. Brush with realities is

In corporate life you may have to

Note : How do you do? is not a

I dont think you two know each

When people are introduced, they

How do you do ? (formal)

When you meet people (informal) :

When you leave people :

When you ask about

I beg your pardon !

Asking for things

Offers and Replies

When you ask people to

If somebody is leaving for

Thats very kind/nice of you.

When you apologise

Have a good time !

There are no fixed expressions

That was lovely/delicious; thank

Invitations and visits

Possible formal replies :

When you want to thank

Heres to the new job !

When you send good

Thank you very much.

Give my best wishes/regards/

When you sympathise

Dont mention it.

When you meet and

Hello ! She is Aparna Gupta. She

When you take leave

Good evening ! (after 6 p.m.)

Hello ! Pleased to meet you.

Hello ! Myself Govind Arya.

Good afternoon ! (12 noon to 6

Hello ! Im Govind Khurana. I am

It was nice talking to you.

Ive got to go.

Im afraid I have to leave.

When you have to say

When you have to say

When you apologize

When you make excuses

Sorry for disturbing you but I

Im so sorry about the confusion!

Im sorry I didnt inform you

When you reassure