World Cultures 11 Name: Adam Mckinlay

Unit III: Latin America Date: 12/15/14

LATIN AMERICAN PEOPLES WIN INDEPENDENCE
Directions
: After reading the document below, please answer the following questions completely and thoroughly in
complete sentence format.
Background Question:
1.
What three factors motivated the people of Latin America to rebel against their European
controllers?
Their motivation was the idea of liberty, equality, and democratic rule as it spread across the seas to European
colonies. This carried them a long way.
Haitian Independence
1.
Who controlled the colony of Haiti and what two leaders where responsible for their
independence?
Their leaders name was Toussaint LOuverture. It was himself and his lieutenant Jean
-Jacques Dessalines who took up the fight for their independence and freedom.
2.
Why were they able to win their independence so quickly and easily?
It was easily for them because Toussaint wasnt familiar with military and diplomatic matters. When the French
troops landed in the area they were planning to remove him from power, despite their leaders agreements to
halt the revolution. They took him and sent him to prison in the Alps which he eventually ended up
dying, and also made it easy to win over them.
3.How was this movement for independence different from revolutions in the rest of Latin America? [You
will have to answer this question after reading the entire document.]
It was different because it was the first black colony to free itself from European ruling. It was
easier and quicker for this region than any of the others in Latin America, and they didnt have anything like
cries for freedom or ongoing long protests.
Viceroyalty of Peru
1.
Identify and explain the specific events on the European continent effected the movement for independence in
Peru. The first event was when they decided to remove King Ferdinand, which caused the revolts in Spain. Later

on, Napoleon put his brother in the position of king, which made people even more frustrated with
the system. People wanted to believe that after the king was removed, the power would then lie peacefully in the
hands of society and not to his brother, causing more rebellion to occur.

2. The movement from independence was spearheaded by what two creoles. Who were they and explain how
they were able to gain it.
Their names were Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin. Simon being a wealthy Venezuelan
creole and Martin being an extraordinary liberator. They gained independence for their home
countries by creating a strong country and fighting together to make it possible for them to
become as they had. In 1820, Jose de San Martin wanted to get rid of all Spanish forces in the
town of Lima. The two people came to an agreement, and were able to fight off what they
wanted to in order to accomplish their desires.
3.
What name did they give to the independent viceroyality?
Panama , Venezula, Colombia, and Ecuador came together and united to become known a
s Gran Colombia.
Viceroyalty of New Spain
1.
How did the movement for independence differ from that of Peru?
In Peru it was different because the leaders of the countries led the movement to gain
independence when in Mexico and Spain, both leaders in the end were defeated by other people.
2.
The movement began with the leadership of what two leaders? Explain their rebellion and its
successes/failures.
Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos were the names of the leaders. He gathered about
80,000 men and took on a march to the capitol which was Mexico City. In the end, Hidalgos
army was defeated in 1811. The leader after was Morelos, who led a revolution for four years
before being defeated as well by a creole officer.
3.
Ironically, a creole DID eventually was successful in gaining freedom from Spain. Who was he,
and whey did favor independence in 1820 when he did not earlier?
Simon Bolivar from Venezuela is who conquered independence for their people. They saw that they were doing
all the work but no money or even any benefits were coming their way, so they thought
independence from the system in Latin America.
4.
What government/title did this liberator give the newly independent viceroyalty? What happened to
his government?
They became the main rulers of the area due to their military working background, and instead
of being called the Creoles, their new name was the Caudillos.

Brazil 1.
Why was this colony governed differently than the Spanish colonies just prior to independence?
Prior to independence, this was after Napoleons army invaded, Brazil was eventually forced to
become the largest colony of Portugal. After many years, they wanted to change their status, and
because of that many people in the area signed a petition for independence, where the leader had
to agree.
2.
How did the movement for independence differ in this Portuguese colony than those of the Spanish colonies?
They were governed differently because prior to their independence, they didnt have any protests that went
violent or any types of widespread bloodshed.