CODE MIXING &

CODE SWITCHING
Jaufilllaili, S.Pd., M.Hum.

CODE MIXING
Code mixing occurs when conversants
use both languages together to the
extent that they change from one
language to the other in the course of
a single utterance (Wardaugh,
1986:103)
Change
: word,
words/phrase
Without a change of : topic
Involve: various level of language

CODE SWITCHING
Labov

in Fasold
(1984:182): one criterion
that is sometimes offered to
distinguish switching from
mixing is that
the grammar of the
clause determines the
language.

 By

this criterion, if a person uses

a word or phrase from another
language, he has mixed, not
switched.
But if one clause has the
grammatical structure of one
language and the next is
constructed according to the
grammar of another, a switch

Code Mixing = Code

Switching
Scotton

(1986):
to differentiate code switching
and code mixing is
unnecessary.
Hill in Fasold (1984:181):
It is hopeless to try to
distinguish code mixing and
code switching.

TYPES OF CODE SWITCHING

(Hoffman, 1991)
1) EMBLEMATIC (tag)
E.g: Its a nice cake, bukan?
2) INTRASENTENTIAL (within a
sentence)
E.g: They cannot tangkap
maksudnya.
3) INTERSENTENTIAL
E.g: Sometimes Ill start a sentence in
English y termino en espaol. (and
finish it in Spanish)

4) INTRA LEXICAL (a word within

sentence)
E.g: mendownload [men- (Ind) = to
(Eng)]
5) ESTABLISHING CONTINUITY
WITH THE PREVIOUS SPEAKER
E.g: A: I dont understand why hes
angry
with me.
B: Because youre stubborn! Itulah
problemnya.

Reasons for Bilinguals to Switch to their

Languages (Troike, 1986:68):
As a Group Identification
2) To Show Solidarity
3) As Distancing Strategy
4) As Redefinition of a Situation that has
already been Mentioned
5) To Soften or Strengthen Request or
Command
6) To Intensify or to Eliminate Ambiguity
by Saying Something Twice in Different
Languages
1)

7) For a Humorous Effect or to Indicate

that a Referentially Derogatory
Comment is not to be Taken Seriously.
8) For Direct Quotations
9) To Make an Ideological Statement
10) Because of Real Lexical Need
11) To Exclude other People within
Hearing
12) As an Avoidance Strategy
13) As a Repair Strategy When the
Speakers Realize They have been
Using an Inappropriate Code