Nhm 1

Analysis: S phn tch

Chemical analysis of the womans dress revealed traces of blood.
The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.
At the meeting they presented a detailed analysis of twelve schools.
analyse / analyze
analyst
analytic = isolating
analytical
analytically
Approach: Phng php, tip cn
We need to adopt a different approach to the problem
What's the best way of approaching this problem?
approachable / unapproachable
Area: Phm vi hiu bit, chuyn mn
Software is not really my area of expertise
Assess: nh gi
The tests are designed to assess a child's reading skills.
It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes.
Interviews allow you to assess the suitability of candidates.
assessable
assessment
reassess
reassessment
Assume: Cho rng, gi nh
Everything was quiet when I got home so I assumed that you had gone out.
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.
In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10.
I had assumed him to be a Belgian.
assumed
assuming
assumption
Authority: Chuyn gia
She is an authority on seventeenth-century English literature
authoritative
authoritatively
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Nhm 1
Available: C th mua c, s dng c
This information is available free on the Internet.
The new drug is not yet available to the public.
When will the information be made available?
We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available.
availability
unavailability
unavailable
Benefit: Li th, li ch
He couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer.
I had the benefit of a good education
For maximum benefit, take the tablets before meals.
beneficial
beneficiary
Concept: Khi nim
He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics
Concepts such as civilization and government
conception
conceptual
conceptualize
conceptually
Consist: Bao gm, gm c
A dessert consisting of fruit and cream (cha ng)
The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings. (chnh)
consistency / inconsistency
consistent / inconsistent
consistently / inconsistently
Constitute: (~establish, set up) Thit lp, thnh lp
The committee was constituted in 1974 by an Act of Parliament
constituency
constituent
constitution
constitutional / unconstitutional
constitutionally / unconstitutionally
constitutive
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Nhm 1
Context: Trong hon cnh
This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s.
His decision can only be understood in context.
contextual
contextualization
contextualize
contextually
Contract: Hp ng
contractor
Create: To ra, gy nn
The snow created further problems
Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.
The government plans to create more jobs for young people.
creation / recreation
creative
creatively
creativity
creator
recreate
Data: Thng tin
Define: Chc chn
I've heard rumours, but nothing definite
Your duties are clearly defined in the contract.
Can you define what it means to be an American?
definable
definition
redefine
redefinition
undefined
Derive: Nhn c, ly c t tm thy ngun gc t
The name derives from Latin.
The word politics is derived from a Greek word meaning city/ He derived great
pleasure from painting
derivation
derivative
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Nhm 1
Distribute: Phn phi, phn pht
The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims
distribution
distributional
distributive
distributor
redistribute
redistribution
redistributive
Economic: Thuc kinh t
The economy is in recession
economical
economically
economics
economist
economy
uneconomic
uneconomical
Environment: Mi trng
An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour
environmental
environmentalism
environmentalist
environmentally
Establish: Thnh lp, thit lp, cng c
The committee was established in 1912
Let's establish some ground rules.
established / disestablish
establishment / disestablishment
Estimate: nh gi, nh gi, c lng
I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need
Official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade
estimation
overestimate
overestimation
underestimate
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Nhm 1
Evident: Hin nhin, r rng (~obvious)
It was evident from his voice that he was upset.
The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting
museums and country houses
evidence
evidential
evidently
Export: Xut khu
90% of the engines are exported to Europe
exporter
Factor: Nhn t, yu t
The result will depend on a number of different factors
Finance: Ti chnh, tin bc
Finance for education comes from taxpayers
financial
financially
financier
Formula: Cng thc
formulate / reformulate
formulation / reformulation
Function: Chc nng
The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body
functional
functionally
Identify: Nhn ra, nhn din (= ID)
She was able to identify her attacker
Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (= would not say who they
were).
The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an
unemployed truck driver.
identifiable
identification

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Nhm 1
Income: Thu nhp
They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services
Indicate: (~show, point) Ch ra, biu l
The signpost indicated the right road for us to follow
Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.
indication
indicative
indicator (=blinker)
Invidual: Ring r, ring bit
We interviewed each individual member of the community
individualism
individualist
individualistic
individuality
individually
Interpret: Gii thch, lm sng t
The students were asked to interpret the poem
interpretable
interpretation
interpretative
interpretive
misinterpret
misinterpretation
reinterpret
reinterpretation
Involve: (~entail) Bao gm, dnh dng n
The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
The job involves my travelling all over the country.
Many of the crimes involved drugs
involved
involvement
uninvolved
Issue: Vn
This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it
issuer
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Nhm 1
Labour: Lao ng (chn tay)
The company wants to keep down labour costs
labor
Legal: Hp php
They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts
legality
legally
illegal
illegality
illegally
Legislate: Lp php
The government will legislate against discrimination in the workplace
legislation
legislative
legislator
legislature
Major = most of/most = serious = huge >big
We have encountered major problems
majority
Method: Phng php, cch thc
A new method of solving the problem
methodical
methodically
methodological
methodologically
methodology
Occur: (~happen) Xy ra, xy n (t ngt)
Something unexpected occurred
According to the police, the shooting occurred at about 12.30 a.m.
occurrence
reoccur
Per cent: Phn trm
Poor families spend about 80 to 90 per cent of their income on food
percentage
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Nhm 1
Period: Giai on, khong thi gian
The factory will be closed down over a 2-year period/a period of two years
periodic
periodical
periodically
Policy: Chnh sch, ng li hnh ng (Chnh ph, ng, Nh Nc)
They have had a significant change in policy on paternity leave.
Pinciple: Nguyn tc
I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles.
Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it.
principled
unprincipled
Proceed = continue = go on = tip tc = tin hnh = tin trnh
We're not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale
She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing trip.
He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail.
Work is proceeding slowly.
procedural
procedure
proceeding
proceeds
Process: Qu trnh, s tin trin
We're in the process of selling our house
processing
Require: (~need) i hi, yu cu
what do you require of me?
True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty.
Lentils do not require soaking before cooking. (u khng cn ngm)
requirement
Research: (v.n) Nghin cu
To research into the causes of cancer
I've done some research to find out the cheapest way of travelling there
researcher

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Nhm 1
Respond: p li, hng ng
When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained
optimistic
respondent
response
responsive
responsively
responsiveness
unresponsive
Role: Vai tr
It is one of the greatest roles she has played
The role of the teacher in the classroom
This part of the brain plays an important role in learning.
Section (V: ct, phn chia N: phn ct ra)
The library has a large biology section
Sector (area, zone): Khu vc (kinh t, k thut)
the manufacturing sector
Significant: Quan trng, trng i, y ngha
It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys
There are no significant differences between the two groups of students.
Your work has shown a significant improvement.
significance
significantly
signify
insignificance
insignificant
insignificantly
Similar: Tng t
My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
The two houses are similar in size
The brothers look very similar.
similarity
similarly
Source: Ngun, ngun gc.
Your local library will be a useful source of information.
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Nhm 1
Specific: Dt khot, r rng, chi tit, chnh xc
I gave you specific instructions
I'd like your help tomorrow. Can you be more specific?
A specific purpose/reason
Could we arrange a specific time to meet?
specifically
specification
specificity
specifics
unidentifiable
Structure: Cu trc
The grammatical structures of a language
structural
structurally
restructuring
restructure
unstructured
Theory: Gi nh, hc thuyt
I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home
theoretical
theoretically
theoretician
theorist
Vary: Thay i (mc nh) (ngai, ni)
The menu varies with the season
Class numbers vary between 25 and 30.
What time do you start work? It varies.
The aerobics instructor varies the routine each week
variability
variable
variably
variance
variant
variation
varied
invariable
invariably
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