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River Dynamics Canoe
River Dynamics Canoe
Dynamics
Canoeing:
Laminar Flows:
Imagine several sheets of
plywood with wooden dowels
between the sheets
Push the stack
The sheets move at
different speeds
Their speeds are additive...
With the sheet on the
bottom traveling the
slowest
Each sheet travels faster...
SURFACE
RIVER BOTTOM
3
Laminar Flows:
The surface air offers resistance - slowing
slightly the sheet just below the surface
This creates a depression or void
SURFACE
Flood Flows:
River is over its primary banks,
into trees and other vegetation
along the banks
Gauge Level: 16 foot
Time of Year: Summer
Normal,
Flood and
Channeled
Flows:
The Current
Piles Up on
the River
Bends:
Main current starts
center and plows into
bend
Under cuts bend
Encourages strainers
and undercut rocks
River
Right
River
Left
The Current
Piles Up on
the River
Bends:
Undercuts bank
on right
Fastest current
close to bank
Shallower and
slower water on
left- inside of
bend.
11
Strainers:
A strainer is anything
which allows water to
pass through but not
you
Examples: tree,
branches, old bridges,
just about anything
Current forces you to
outside of bend and into
the strainer.
River
Right
River
Left
12
Pillow
River
Right
River
Left
13
Eddies:
Formed behind an
obstruction (e.g. rock,
bridge abutment, etc.
Current fills in void
behind the rock
Eddy line occurs
where the two
currents interface
(see parts on next slide)
River
Right
River
Left
14
Parts of an Eddy:
Current rushing past rock
creating a void behind it;
it attempts to fill void;
does one of three things:
Upstream current (1) current attempt to fill
the void
Neutral Current (2) current doesnt flow
upstream or downstream
15
Eddy/Micro Currents:
Current fills in
behind the
obstruction (Eddy
A/B)
Submerged
obstruction creates a
hydraulic/eddy/still
water current (Eddy
C).
16
Types of Holes:
Smiling Hole Easy
Frowning Hole Moves you to center
exit at sides (A)
and maximizes holes force (B)
Horizontal Hole Similar
Diagonal Hole Moves
to low head dam can be
you downstream and out
nasty (C)
of hole (D)
17
Hole or
Hydraulic
Boil
River Bottom
18
River Bottom
19
Hole or
Hydraulic
Boil
River Bottom
20
Standing Waves:
Channel
constriction
followed by
widening in the
channel dissipates
energy into waves
This scene has two
eddies on each side
of main current;
you can use these
to surf the waves.
21
Upstream and
Downstream Vs:
Look for upstream Vs
And avoid downstream Vs
Hydraulics
Best route: upstream Vs
shown in red.
River
Left
River
Right
22
River Running
Topics Negotiating a river
bend
Eddy turns and peel
outs
Ferrying
Running the river.
23
Negotiating a
River Bend:
Slower current is on
inside of bend
Set ferry angle toward
the inside of the bend
Paddle back left; slight
forward right
As current pushes you
to outside, back paddle
Straighten boat with
forward left and back
right
Continue down the river.
River
Right
River
Left
24
River
Right
River
Left
25
Ferrying:
Used to traverse a
river
Taught line stretched
across the river
Pulley system lowers
one end
Vector force
downstream and
horizontal
Moves ferry across the
river
Forward Ferries.
Forward Ferry
to River Left
River
Right
Forward Ferry
to River Right
River
Left
26
River
Right
River
Left
27
Eddy Turning
Your Way Down
the River:
Proposed course
Set angle and eddy out
above hydraulic and
forward ferry to river
right
Peel out and catch eddy
on river right
Ferry across current to
river left eddy out
peel out or drift out
bottom of eddy
Drop though drop and
forward ferry to shore
in eddy current.
River
Left
River
Right
28
The End
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