TRNG I HC KINH T - LUT

KHOA KINH T I NGOI

TIU LUN

KINH T C V QUAN H KINH T

VI VIT NAM
MN HC: KINH T I NGOI

GVHD: TS. TRN VN C

LP K12402B - NHM 7
THNH VIN:
Phm Dng Thc Anh, MSSV: K124020279
Nguyn Hi Dng, MSSV: K124020299
V Minh Hong, MSSV: K124020316
Mc Th M Linh, MSSV: K124020335
ng Th Nh Ngha, MSSV: K124020350
Nguyn c Phc, MSSV: K124020367
Nguyn Th Thanh Tho, MSSV: K124020381
Nguyn Hnh Trm, MSSV: K124020400

TP.HCM THNG 11/2014

Nhn xt ca Ging vin

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ii

MC LC
MC LC .......................................................................................................................... ii
DANH MC B NG BIU ............................................................................................ iv
DANH MC CC HNH V V BIU ............................................................. iv
LI M U.....................................................................................................................1
Chng 1: GII THIU NN KINH T C .........................................................2
1.1 Tim lc kinh t - x hi...........................................................................................2
1.1.1

iu kin t nhin .........................................................................................2

1.1.2

iu kin x hi .............................................................................................2

1.1.3

Tim lc kinh t .............................................................................................3

1.1.4

Tim lc v cng ngh..................................................................................3

1.2 Quan h kinh t quc t ca c ............................................................................3

1 2 1 V tr ca c trong nn inh t th gii .........................................................3
1 2 2 Thng mi hng ho quc t...........................................................................4
1 2 3 Thng mi dch v quc t..............................................................................4
1.2 4 u t quc t .....................................................................................................4
1 2 5 u t h u ao ng.............................................................................................5
Chng 2: QUAN H SONG PHNG VIT NAM C................................5
2.1 Quan h chnh tr .......................................................................................................5
2.2 Quan h thng mi ..................................................................................................6
2.2.1 Kim ngch xu t kh u, nhp kh u, c n cn thng mi .................................6
2 2 2 C c u hng ho xu t kh u, nhp kh u ...........................................................8
2.3 Quan h

u t ...........................................................................................................8

2 3 1 u t trc tip ...................................................................................................8

2.3.2 u t gi n tip................................................................................................ 10
2.3.3 Vn ODA.......................................................................................................... 10
2.4 Quan h kinh t khc.............................................................................................. 11
2.5 nh gi quan h song phng Vit Nam c .............................................. 12

iii

Chng 3: GII PHP THC Y QUAN H SONG PHNG VIT NAM

C................................................................................................................................ 12
3.1 Gii php v quan h chnh tr .............................................................................. 12
3.2 Gii php v quan h thng mi......................................................................... 13
3.3 Gii php v quan h

u t.................................................................................. 13

3.4 Gii php khc ........................................................................................................ 14

KT LUN ...................................................................................................................... 15
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................. vi
PH LC 1: B NG S LIU .................................................................................. viii
PH LC 2: BIU .................................................................................................... x

iv

DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 1.1 Cc ch s kinh t, ti chnh ca c nm 2013.............................................3
Bng 2.1 Xu t nhp kh u Vit - c giai on 2006 2012 .................................... viii
Bng 2.2 Cc mt hng xu t, nhp kh u ch yu ca Vit Nam giai on 2011
2013.................................................................................................................................. viii

DANH MC CC HNH V V BIU

Hnh 2 1 C n cn thng mi ca Vit Nam vi cc th trng thuc khi EU nm
2012....................................................................................................................................x

CC T VIT TT V THUT NG
GVHD: Ging vin hng dn
TS: Tin s
MSSV: M s sinh vin
GDP: Tng sn ph m quc ni
XNK: Xu t nhp kh u
XK: Xu t kh u
NK: Nhp kh u
CHLB: Cng ho lin bang
KHCN: Khoa hc cng ngh
NATO: T chc Hip c Bc i Ty Dng
G8: nhm 8 quc gia c nn cng nghip hng

u ca th gii bao gm Ph p, c,

Italy, Nht, Anh, Hoa K, Canada v Nga

G20: nhm cc nn kinh t ln bao gm 20 nn kinh t ln nh t th gii bao gm
mi chn quc gia v lin minh Chu u
OECD: T chc Hp tc v Pht trin Kinh t
WTO: T chc Thng mi Th gii
FTA: Hip nh thng mi t do
FDI: u t trc tip nc ngoi
FII: u t gi n tip nc ngoi
UNCLOS: Lin hp quc v Lut bin nm 1982
DOC: Tuyn b v cch ng x ca cc bn Bin ng

LI M U
Cui th k XX, ton c u ho

tr thnh mt xu th chnh trong i sng

chnh tr th gii, th gii ngy cng phng hn, s ph thuc v li ch kinh t gia
cc quc gia ngy cng ln, do , quan h kinh t quc t, c bit l cc mi quan
h song phng ang ng vai tr ngy cng quan trng trong chnh sch kinh t
nhiu nc trn th gii, trong c Vit Nam.
L mt nc ang ph t trin, chuyn i v tch cc hi nhp vo nn kinh t
th gii, Vit Nam lun coi trng m rng quan h hp tc kinh t vi cc quc gia
trn th gii. Vit Nam lun th hin nhng n lc ln trong vic pht trin cc mi
quan h quc t, nhm pht trin kinh t, rt ngn giai on trong qu trnh cng
nghip ho, hin i ho ca mnh.
c hin ang i tc ln nh t ca Vit Nam chu u, cng ch nh ca
ng trung chuyn quan trng ca hng ha Vit Nam sang cc th trng khc
chu u. L mt nc dn s tng i ng ca th gii, chnh tr n nh, kinh t
nng ng v tng trng cao, c vn t tng trng nh t nh ngay c trong suy
thoi kinh t. c ngy cng quan tm hn n hp tc vi Vit Nam. Tuy nhin,
kt qu mi quan h song phng em i vn cha tng xng vi tim nng hp
tc ca hai bn cng mc tiu nghin cu ca tiu lun ny V th, cng vi
s hng dn ca TS. Tr n Vn c, chng em tm hiu v nghin cu thc
trang v Kinh t c v quan h kinh t vi Vit Nam, t hy vng c th
xu t mt s gii php hu ch nhm thc

y hiu qu hp mi quan h song

phng ca Vit Nam c trong thi gian sp ti.

Do iu kin nghin cu cn h hn, tiu lun khng th trnh khi nhng sai
st nh t nh, r t mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp chn thnh ca bn c.
Cui cng, nhm chng em xin chn cm n s gip , hng dn ht sc tn
tnh

y v chi tit ca Th y Tr n Vn c gip chng em hon thnh bi

tiu lun ny.

Chng 1: GII THIU NN KINH T C

Cng ho Lin bang c l nn kinh t ln nht chu u, th 4 trn th gii, l
nc xut khu thuc dng hng u th gii, mt trong nhng i tc chin lc
quan trng ca nc ta. Nc c c v von nh l mt pho i kin c ca
chu u, tuy nhin gn y nc c gp kh nhiu kh khn trong tng trng
kinh t. Chng 1 s tp trung nghin cu tnh hnh tng quan v nn kinh t ln
ny trong thi gian gn y.
1.1 Tim lc kinh t - x hi
1.1.1 iu kin t nhin
V tr: c l tri tim ca Chu u, trung tm im gia ng v Ty, gia
vng Scandinavia v a Trung Hi, nm trong Lin minh chu u v NATO, nc
c l c u ni ti cc quc gia Trung v ng u c gip bin Bc thuc thm
lc a thuc i Ty Dng Cng vi eo bin Manche, vng pha nam c a bin
Bc l vng bin c mt giao thng cao nh t th gii.
Din tch: Khong 348,540 km2 [4]
Ti nguyn thin nhin: c khng c qu nhiu ti nguyn thin nhin ch yu
ch c than vng Ruhr. V th c tp trung pht trin nh vo cng ngh v cc
loi nng ng ti to nh nng ng gi v nng ng mt tri.
1.1.2 iu kin x hi
Th ch chnh tr: Cng ho Lin bang
Dn s, ngun nhn lc: 80,62 triu ngi [4] nc ng dn nh t trong EU.
C c u dn s gi, gy nhiu p lc cho nn kinh t. Dn s c tng n ph n ln
do nhp c t, b sung lc ng ao ng cn thiu.
Vn ho , tn gi o: Nhn chung, c l mt

t nc hin i v ci m, a dng

phong cch sng, sc tc v vn ha a s mi ngi c o to tt, c mc

sng cao nu so snh trn bnh din quc t v c t do kin to cuc sng ca c
nhn mnh Tn gi o ch nh o C c, Hi gio ch chim mt ph n nh.
H thng chnh sch x hi ton din: ngn sch Nh nc c p cho cc kho n chi
x hi chim ti 26,7% GDP. Nh nc x hi coi vic bo m an sinh x hi cho
t t c cng dn ca mnh l mt nhim v hng

u.

1.1.3 Tim lc kinh t

c l mt trong nhng nc cng nghip pht trin, ng th 4 th gii v GDP,
khong 25% GDP ca Eurozone. Kinh t c tp trung ch yu vo sn xu t cng
nghip v dch v ngnh nng nghip ch s dng khong 2% - 3% lc ng ao ng.
Bng 1.1 Cc ch s kinh t, ti chnh ca c nm 2013
Ch s

Gi tr

Ch s

Gi tr

GDP

3820 t USD [5]

GDP/ngi

47 201 USD/ngi [5]

Tc tng trng

0,4% [4]

T gi hi o i EURO/USD=1.23741[6]

T l lm pht

1,5% [4]

T l n cng

79,9% [7]

Sau cuc khng hong ti chnh 2008, chu u gp r t nhiu h hn, ring nn
kinh t c duy tr s tng trng n nh v bn vng trong giai on 2011
2013 Tuy nhin trong nm 2014, c gp nhiu h hn do chu nh hng mnh
ca cuc khng hong Ukraina.
Theo s liu chnh thc c cng b ngy 7-10, sn ng cng nghip
ca c gim 4% so vi thng 7. Con s ny nhiu hn so vi trung bnh
1,5% cc chuyn gia kinh t d b o y mc gim ln nh t k t
thng 2-2009 khi cuc khng hong ti chnh ton c u l n

u tin xu t hin

ti chu u [c Hong, 8]
1.1.4 Tim lc v cng ngh
Trong nhiu nm, c un un duy tr c v th l mt trung tm khoa hc
v cng ngh KHCN hng

u ca chu u v th gii. Cc sn ph m cng nghip

v cng ngh ca c un c

nh gi

tt nh t th gii. Chnh ph c to

iu kin ti a to mi trng ti u pht trin KHCN.

1.2 Quan h kinh t quc t ca c
1.2.1 V tr ca c tr ng nn kinh t th gii
Nc c c nn kinh t ng hng th t trn th gii v ln nh t chu u c
mt trong nhng thnh vin quan trng trong c c in t inh t hu vc v th
gii nh Lin hip Quc, cng ng chu u EU , T chc Hip c Bc i Ty
Dng NATO , G8, G20, OECD v WTO

1.2.2 Thng

i h ng h

quc t

Thng d tr gi thng mi hng ha ca c t 1,5 t Euro trong th ng 1 nm

2014, tng 1,1 t Euro so vi th ng cui cng ca nm 2013 v tng 1,4 t so vi
cng 1 nm trc , ng gp hng nh trong vic thc

y tng trng inh

t EU trong giai on h hn sau hng hong Trong , tr gi xu t h u hng

ha ca c t 90,7 t Euro v tr gi nhp h u ca c t 75,7 t Euro
Cng nghip ng vai tr

u tu cho cc hot ng ngoi thng ca c.

Nhng ngnh cng nghip ch o ca c bao gm sn xu t t, in t, c h

v ha ch t vi khong 3 triu nhn cng. Doanh thu t 4 ngnh cng nghip ny
n n 767 t EUR. Nc c tp trung ho t ng xu t kh u trn su th trng
c coi l c trin vng nh t cho cc cng ty c. Cc th trng ny bao gm
Trung Quc, Hn Quc, Anh, Colombia, Indonesia v Ghana, y c c quc gia
chin c, quan trng nh t cho c c cng ty c cung c p hng ha v dch v
nc ngoi. y c c quc gia c chn l nhng th trng tim nng cho c c
sn ph m cng ngh cao ca c bao gm c cng ngh mi trng v nh vc y
t, my cng c. Xu t kh u sn ph m cng ngh cao ca c nm 2013 ln ti g n
200 t euro (275,8 t a , d kin nm 2014 con s ny s thit lp mt k lc mi.
1.2.3 Thng

ch v quc t

H thng c s h t ng phc v cho vic ngnh nng ng v vin thng ca

c cng

ng tin cy v tin tin vo bc nh t chu u

Fran furt am Main trung tm ngn hng ca nc c v trung tm ti

ch nh n trn th gii Th trng chng ho n Fran furt cng mt trong nhng
th trng chng ho n hng

u trn th gii

c cng nc c ng du h ch tham quan ng th ba ti chu u.

1.2.4 u t quc t
u t trc tip nc ngoi FDI vo c hin nay ng th t trn th gii,
t nh n 2006 c thu ht 763 900 000 000 USD c 1 trong nhng a im
h p dn ca c c nh

u t quc t nh vo s ph t trin ca nh vc nghin cu v

thit , c h ch nh x c, h thng hu c n v c s h t ng tt, h thng ph p

n nh v trnh chuyn mn cao ca i ng ao ng

1.2.5 u t kh u a

ng

Nn inh t c ang i mt vi tnh trng thiu nhn cng trong nhiu nh

vc T th ng 7/2013, th trng ao ng c m ca cho ngi ang tm vic
m trn hp th gii c ph t trin nhiu cng c thu ht nhn cng nc
ngoi, tuy nhin vn cha

p ng v yu c u tuyn dng ca c r t cao

Nh vy, c l mt quc gia pht trin c tm vc ln, trnh kinh t - chnh

tr - x hi hng u th gii, do , c l mt i tc chin lc quan trng cn
c ch trng trong vic duy tr v pht trin mi quan h song phng, c bit
l i vi mt t nc nh nh Vit Nam, ang rt cn s h tr gip ca cc
nc pht trin y mnh s nghip cng nghip ho, hin i ho t nc.
Chng 2 s tip tc nghin cu v mi quan h ny gia Vit Nam v c.
Chng 2: QUAN H SONG PHNG VIT NAM C
Trong sut gn 40 nm quan h hp tc song phng gia Vit Nam v c,
c tr thnh mt trong nhng i tc quan trng nht ca ta Chu u. S tin
cy v hiu bit ln nhau gia hai nc ngy cng c tng cng thng qua cc
mi quan h hp tc lu di v ton din. Chng ta s i su hn vo mi quan h
song phng trn tng lnh vc c th trong chng ny.
2.1 Quan h ch nh tr
Vit Nam v CHLB c thit lp quan h ngoi giao ngy 23/9/1975. T n
nay, quan h hu ngh v hp tc gia hai nc ngy cng pht trin tch cc, su
rng, hiu qu v ton din.
Nm 2001, chuyn thm Vit Nam ca Th tng c v B trng B Ngoi
giao Lin bang, B trng B Kinh t Lin bang nm 2012 cng nh chuyn thm
c ca B trng B Ngoi giao Vit Nam Phm Bnh Minh nm 2012 tip
thm ng c cho mi quan h gia hai nc Th ng 10 nm 2011, B Th tng
TS Ange a Mer e v Th tng Nguyn T n Dng t bn Tuy n b chung
H Ni ch nh thc thit p mi quan h i t c chin c gia c v Vit Nam
T nhiu nm nay c l mt trong nhng i tc quan trng nh t ca ta Chu
u. Chnh gii c, d l ng c m quyn hay i lp, u

nh gi cao s pht

trin v v tr ca Vit Nam khu vc ng Nam S tin cy v hiu bit ln

nhau gia hai nc ngy cng c tng cng thng qua duy tr trao i on c p
cao v c ch tham v n chnh tr gia hai B Ngoi giao (c p Th trng v c p V
trng V khu vc

c thit lp t 2008. Ti phin Tham v n chnh tr c p Th

trng Ngoi giao hai nc

u tin 19/2/2009 , hai bn Bn ghi nh v Hp

tc gia hai B Ngoi giao Vit c, trong ra cc mc tiu v bin php c

th tng cng hp t c trong c c nh vc u tin
c h tr Vit Nam trong qu trnh ci c ch h thng ph p ut trong hun
h i thoi nh nc ph p quyn c -Vit Vi hong 70 hi tho, c c cuc
trao i v chuyn mn v c c chuyn i ho s t mi nm, i thoi Nh nc
php quyn c - Vit cp n r t nhiu ni dung: t v n i vi cc d n lut
ca Vit Nam, tip tc pht trin h thng php lut, bi dng th m phn, cng t
vin, lut s v cng chng vin, t v n thc hin c c cng c v quy tc quc t,
ci cch php lut dn s (bao gm php lut s hu, bo v s hu tr tu) v php
lut t tng dn s, php lut ao ng, cng on v x hi, tip tc pht trin php
lut hnh s v t tng hnh s, php lut thng mi, c ch xt x ca ta n hin
php, khuyn khch cc quyn con ngi, tng tr t ph p v c c ch khc.
C th ni, mi quan h v chnh tr gia CHLB c v Vit Nam l mi quan
h chin c c bit, gp ph n khng nh trong quan h hai nc.
2.2 Quan h thng
2.2.1 Ki

ng ch xu t kh u, nhp kh u, c n cn thng

a) Kim ngch xu t nhp kh u

Trong nhiu nm qua, c lin tc i t c thng mi ln nh t ca Vit Nam
trong EU, kim ngch thng mi hai chiu chim khong 20% tng kim ngch
thng mi gia Vit Nam v EU Trong Vit Nam lun xu t siu vo c vi
t l xu t 2 v nhp 1. c tr thnh th trng XK trng im ca Vit Nam.
Hnh 2.1: Cn cn thng mi ca Vit Nam vi cc th trng thuc khi EU
nm 2012 (Hnh 2.1, Ph lc 2)

Quan h thng mi gia c v Vit Nam pht trin thc s nng ng. T
nm 1999 n nay, kim ngch thng mi hai chiu tng trng lin tc vi mc
tng trung bnh hong 15%/nm
- Nm 2009, tng kim ngch thng mi hai chiu nm 2009 t 3,472 t USD,
tng g p 3,75 l n so vi tng kim ngch thng mi hai chiu nm 1999 Trong
XK ca Vit Nam sang c nm 2009 t 1,885 t USD, tng g p 3 l n so vi kim
ngch XK ca Vit Nam sang c nm 1999, mc tng trung bnh hn 20%/nm
- Nm 2010, tng gi tr trao i thng mi hai nc t hn 4,1 t USD, tng
18,5% so vi nm 2009 Nhiu tp on hng

u ca c cam t

u t u

di vo Vit Nam.
- Nm 2011, tng kim ngch thng mi hai chiu t 5,566 t USD, tng 35,5%
so vi nm 2010 Vit Nam vn tip tc xu t siu sang c, kim ngch XK ca
Vit Nam nm 2011 t 3,367 t USD, tng 41,9% so vi nm 2010 v NK ca
Vit Nam t c t 2,199 t USD, tng 26,2%
- Nm 2012, tng kim ngch 2 chiu t 6,472 t USD tng 16,3% so vi nm
2011 Trong , XK t 4,095 t USD tng 21,63% v NK ca Vit Nam t c
t 2,377 t USD tng 8,13% so vi nm 2011
- Ring ch trong 3 nm 2010-2013, tng kim ngch xu t NK tng g n 8 l n,
trong , nm 2013 tng 18% trong bi cnh th trng chung mi qua

y hng

hong, t 7,7 t USD.

Bng 2.1 Xut nhp khu Vit Nam - c t 2006 2012 (Bng 2.1, Ph lc 1)
- Nm 2014, quan h thng mi Vit c c bc tng trng
hng lot cc hip nh quan trng t, gm Hip nh tr nh
Hip nh khuyn khch v bo h

ng nh

nh thu 2 l n,

u t, c c hip nh hp tc hng hi, hng khng.

S liu thng s b ca Tng cc Hi quan cho th y trong 9 thng tnh t

nm 2014, tr gi xu t NK hng ha ca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam sang th trng

c t 5,7 t USD, tng 0,8 t USD t mc 4,9 t USD ca 8 thng nm 2014
Trong , tr gi XK t 3,7 t USD, chim 3,42 % t trng trong tng XK Vit Nam.
Cc mt hng Vit Nam XK ch yu sang th trng c l hng dt may, in
thoi v linh kin, giy dp, c ph v thy sn Ngc li, cc doanh nghip nc

ta NK hng ha c xu t x t c ch yu l my mc thit b ph tng, phng

tin vn ti, t, ha ch t v dc ph m.
c l mt th trng r t ln, pht trin bn vng v c ch nh s ch thng mi
m. Tuy kim ngch XK ca Vit Nam sang c cn r t nh b so vi c c nc
khc trong khu vc nhng tc tng trng hng nm un t kh
b) V tr ca Vit Nam trong quan h thng mi
Mc d kim ngch XNK vi Vit Nam ch chim mt ph n nh trong tng gi tr
kim ngch ngoi thng ca c, nhng c vn coi Vit Nam l mt th trng
tim nng v bn hng quan trng.
Vit Nam c c xp hng i t c thng mi th 40/144 nc XK hng ho
vo c, hng 55/144 nc NK hng ho t c v hng 47/144 nc i tc
thng mi chnh trn kim ngch hai chiu.
c ng h EU sm cng nhn quy ch kinh t th trng cho Vit Nam, tch
cc khi ng m ph n Hip nh thng mi t do (FTA) Vit Nam-EU tng
cng trao i kinh t, thng mi gia hai nc.
2.2.2 C c u h ng h

xu t kh u, nhp kh u

Trong nhng nm qua c c u hng XK ca Vit Nam vo c ni ring v EU

ni chung chuyn dch theo hng tng t trng hng ha ch t ng cao, gim
t trng hng ch t ng trung bnh, hng nng sn th.
Nhng mt hng ch yu ca Vit Nam XK sang c l hng dt may, giy dp,
cafe, thy sn, g, da v cc mt hng snh s, gm. Nhng mt hng chnh
m Vit Nam NK t c bao gm my mc, thit b k thut, t, sn ph m ha
hc, thuc men, si c bit v dt may

c bit l cc sn ph m ph tr phc v

cho ngnh dt may).

Bng 2.2 Cc mt hng xut, nhp khu ch yu ca Vit Nam giai on 2011
2013 (Ph lc 1 Bng 2.2)
2.3 Quan h

u t

2.3.1 u t trc tip

c coi Vit Nam l mt th trng c tim nng ph t trin nhanh Chu ,
nhiu tp on hng

u ca c nh Siemens, Metro, Mercedes-Benz, m

c c c s v cam kt

u t u di Vit Nam Tuy nhin,

u t ca c vo

Vit Nam vn mc th p so vi tim nng v mong mun i bn Ch nh Ph hai

nc cng c nhiu bin php tch cc nhm thc
phng Theo b k hoch

u t, cc

y hot ng

u t song

u t nc ngoi, t nh n cui th ng 8 nm

2014, CHLB c c 236 d n cn hiu lc vi tng vn

u t ng 1,34 t USD

v xp th 22 trong s 101 quc gia v vng lnh th c

u t ti Vit Nam.[9]

H u ht cc d n ca c tp trung trong nh vc cng nghip ch bin, ch to

vi 88 d n c tng vn
v g n 50% tng vn

u t ng 626,82 triu USD, chim 38% v s d n

u t ng Th 2 nh vc sn xu t, phn phi in, kh,

nc vi 5 d n c tng vn 386,68 triu USD. Th 3 nh vc bn bun, bn l

v sa cha vi 37 d n v tng vn 136,43 triu USD[9]. Tip theo l cc d n
trong ngnh nng, lm nghip, thy sn; c p nc, x nc thi; ti chnh ngn
hng, bo him; hp ng chuyn mn, khoa hc cng ngh; y t v tr gip x hi...
Trong 34 tnh thnh nhn FDI ca c, ch yu cc d n tp trung vo cc
thnh ph ln, c iu kin c s h t ng tng i tt.. Dn
Minh vi 93 d n c tng vn

u l TP H Ch

u t g n 234,34 triu USD; Ninh Thun ng th

hai vi 2 d n c tng vn 156,7 triu USD; ng Nai ng th ba vi 7 d n c

tng vn 145,63 triu USD[9]. Mt s tp on a quc gia ca c c

u t

ti Vit Nam nh: Daim er-Chrysler (sn xu t t Mercedes-Benz), B.Braun (sn

xu t thit b y t), Messer (tch ha lng kh phc v luyn kim)...
Vn

u t ca CHLB c tp trung ch yu vo hnh thc 100% vn nc

ngoi vi 177 d n chim 75% tng s d n v g n 70% tng vn

u t ng ;

hnh thc lin doanh vi 52 d n chim 23% s d nv 33% tng vn

u t ng

k. Cn li l hnh thc cng ty c ph n v hp ng hp tc kinh doanh.[9]

T nh n nay, cc doanh nghip Vit Nam c 17 d n
CHLB c, vi tng vn

u t cn hiu lc ti

u t 92 triu USD. Cc doanh nghip Vit Nam

ut

sang c trong c c nh vc ti chnh ngn hng, dch v n ung v u tr, kinh

doanh b t ng sn, tin hc, inh doanh thng mi... Mt s d n tiu biu l
Cng ty Lin doanh Nh Vit (VietHaus) c tng vn

u t 9,4 triu USD; d

n Chi nhnh Vietinbank ti c, c p php ngy 19/1/2011, tng vn ng

10

7,504 triu USD; Tuy vn cha ph t trin nhng th hin quan tm ca cc

doanh nghip Vit Nam vi th trng EU ni chung v c ni ring.[10]
Hot ng xc tin

u t, thng mi gia hai nc c

y mnh si ng

hn qua c c Din n Doanh nghip Vit c vi s tham d ca nhiu tp on

hng

u c, cc s kin tip xc nh Din n u t Thng mi Vit c

ti Hamburg, Hi tho Tiu im Vit Nam Berlin; cc b v bang ca c

nh B Kinh t in bang, bang Sachsen, Bayern, c on doanh nghip vo Vit
Nam tm c hi

u t

2.3.2 u t gi n tip
Vit Nam ang c

nh gi

im n h p dn cho c c nh

u t FII quc t

nh tnh hnh v m n nh, tng trng kinh t ci thin v t gi t bin ng.

Trong khi th trng chng khon ca cc nn kinh t khc trong khu vc ASEAN
ang chu nhiu p lc th th trng Vit Nam vn tng trng. Dng vn
gin tip vo Vit Nam tng theo s xu t hin ca nh
nhng qu

u t

u t nc ngoi v

u t nh: Dragon Capita , Vina Capital, Prudential, Vietnam Dragon

Fund JP Morgan Chase, Merri Lynch Trong s nhng nh

u t gin tip,

nhiu nh t l M, c ti mt ph n ba thm ch mt na cc khon tin lun chuyn

qua cc qu

u t nc ngoi vo Vit Nam l ca nh

u t M, tip n l nh

u t Ph p v v tr th ba c.[Tri Nhn, 11]

2.3.3 Vn ODA
ODA ca c tp trung ch yu vo 3 nh vc trng tm:
- H tr ci cch kinh t, pht trin kinh t bn vng.
- Ch nh s ch mi trng, bo v v s dng bn vng ngun ti nguyn thin
nhin bao gm cung c p nc v x nc v rc thi.
- Y t, k hoch ha gia nh, phng chng HIV/AIDS.
Chnh ph c mt mt vn duy tr cc khon vin tr truyn thng, mt khc
m ra mt knh vay vn mi l vn vay pht trin. Ngun vn ny gm 50% do
Chnh ph c ti tr thng qua chng trnh t n dng u i, 50% cn i c
Ngn hng Ti thit c huy ng trn th trng vi li su t nim yt tng thi k.

11

T 1990, c l mt trong nhng nc vin tr nhiu v thng xuyn ODA cho

Vit Nam Hn 1,5 t USD c cung c p cho cc d n ODA ti Vit Nam
thng qua hp tc k thut v hp t c ti ch nh Trong nm 2011-2012, c cam
kt cung c p 283,8 triu EUR ODA cho Vit Nam. Mt s d n ang c tch
cc trin hai nh tuyn tu in ng m s 2 TP H Ch Minh hn 1 t EUR chia
lm nhiu gi d n), nh my nhit in Mn IV (200 triu EUR , tng cng y
t c p tnh (21,4 triu EUR), ci cch gio dc v o to ngh (21 triu EUR), bo
v rng c duyn hi ng bng sng Cu Long (13,5 triu EUR , Trong giai
on 2014-2015, Chnh ph c cam kt dnh cho Vit Nam khon ODA g n 100
triu tp trung vo 3 nh vc u tin mi trng, nng ng v dy ngh. [B
Ngoi Giao Vit Nam, 12]
2.4 Quan h kinh t kh c
Ngoi cc quan h trn, quan h kinh t Vit Nam - c t c nhiu thnh
tu v khng ngng pht trin v c c nh vc khc nh gi o dc, vn ho
Trng H Vit - c (Vietnamese - German University) thnh lp ngy
01/09/2008 ti Bnh Dng i vo ho t ng v t c nhng thnh tu nh t
nh y c th ni l d n quan trng nh t ca hai nc trong nh vc gio dc o to c khng nh s tip tc ng h Vit Nam trong xy dng v pht trin i
hc Vit c thnh mt trng i hc tiu biu xu t sc, c ng c p trong khu vc.
Ngoi ra, chng trnh th

im a iu dng vin Vit Nam sang o to v

lm vic ti c thu c kt qu tch cc c v Vit Nam u nh t tr nghin

cu kh nng m rng hp tc sang cc ngnh ngh h c, hng ti nhng ngnh
ngh m x hi c ang c nhu c u v ao ng Vit Nam c th

p ng nh

thut in, nc
Theo th tng c Angela Merkel, cng ng trn 125 000 ngi Vit ti c
hi nhp thnh cng vo x hi c B cng cam t chnh ph c s tip tc to
iu kin thun li ngi Vit Nam sinh sng v m n n nh, ng gp t ch
cc cho qu trnh pht trin v s thnh vng ca nc c.
V v n Bin ng, c ng h lp trng ca Vit Nam gii quyt tranh ch p
bng cc bin ph p ha bnh, trn c s lut php quc t, Cng c ca Lin hp

12

quc v Lut bin UNCLOS nm 1982, Tuyn b v cch ng x ca cc bn

Bin ng DOC v coi y phng thc hiu qu gii quyt cc khc bit.
Thng 11 ti, Ph Th tng, B trng Kinh t v Nng ng c s sang thm
Vit Nam v ch tr Hi ngh Doanh nghip c khu vc chu -Th i Bnh Dng
l n th 14 ti Thnh ph H Ch Minh y mt c hi thun li thc

y hp

tc kinh t gia c vi Vit Nam ni ring v c c nc trong khu vc ni chung.

2.5 nh gi quan h s ng phng Vit Nam c
Mc d trong iu kin kinh t c suy thoi mnh do nh hng ca cuc
khng hong kinh t ton c u, nhng quan h song phng vn pht trin theo
chiu hng tt p trn nhiu mt. Vit Nam l mt trong nhng nc trng tm
trong chin c hp tc pht trin ca c vi cc quc gia ang ph t trin.
Quan h song phng da trn phng chm hai bn cng c li, em li tc
ng tch cc i vi c 2 pha, song quan h ny c bit c li cho pha Vit
Nam, h tr rt ln cho Vit Nam trong pht trin t nc. Tuy nhin, vic khai
thc tim nng hp tc pht trin gia 2 nc vn c t c hiu qu ti u.
Ni dung chng 3 l nhng gii php cho yu cu thc y quan h song phng
2 nc sao cho hiu qu nht.
Chng 3: GII PHP THC Y QUAN H SONG PHNG
VIT NAM C
Nc c l mt cng quc ln vi gi tr xut nhp khu thuc hng u th
gii, l bn hng ln nht ca Vit Nam trong cc nc EU. Vic ra nhng gii
php nhm duy tr v pht trin mi quan h song phng Vit c l tt yu v
ht sc quan trng. Di y l mt s gii php xut trn tng kha cnh c th
3.1 Gii ph p v quan h ch nh tr
Hon thin th ch kinh t th trng nh hng x hi ch ngha, i mi v
nng cao hiu lc qun l kinh t ca Nh nc, hon thin mi trng php l.
Khuyn khch cc cuc tip xc c p cao vi c ng thi hnh thnh c ch i
thoi thng xuyn gia hai bn nhm cng c s hiu bit v tin cy ln nhau. Hp tc
trn tinh th n xy dng trn cc din n quc t v ha bnh, hp tc cng pht trin.

13

Thc hin giao u qun s an ninh tng cng s hiu bit tin cy ln nhau,
tranh th s h tr t c bo v an ninh quc phng Vit Nam.
3.2 Gii ph p v quan h thng

Pht trin mt hng xu t kh u ch lc. H tr cho nhng mt hng ch lc ang

gp h hn nh giy dp, dt may ng thi tm cch sn xu t nhng mt hng
ch lc mi, c tim nng ph t trin cao, va pht huy li th cnh tranh, ng thi
c trnh cng ngh, trnh ch bin cao hn
Hon thin c ch qun l xu t kh u. H tr v khuyn khch xu t kh u bng
c ch

u t nghin cu i mi cng ngh, nghin cu thit k mu m thch ng

nhanh vi s thay i th hiu tiu dng nng cao sc cnh tranh ca sn ph m

Vit Nam,

p ng yu c u th trng.

y mnh cng tc xc tin thng mi. Xy dng cc trung tm xc tin thng

mi ca Nh nc ti c, to

u mi giao dch v ngun thng tin quan trng

lm c u ni cho cc doanh nghip xu t kh u, hn ch xu t kh u qua trung gian.

Khai thc tim nng ca cng ng Vit kiu c v EU, hng h phc v
t nc bng nhiu hnh thc khc nhau.
C ch nh s ch nh hng vic nhp kh u cng ngh, thit b t c nhm to
thun li cho xu t kh u hng ha.
3.3 Gii ph p v quan h

u t

Sa i, b sung v n gin ha cc lut l in quan n

u t

Tin hnh ci cch hnh chnh mnh m, nng cao nng c c c c quan thc thi
ca chnh ph - c c c quan hi quan, thu v, ta n, c quan qun l quyn s hu
tr tu, nhng n v hnh chnh qun l trc tip hot ng FDI.
Tng bc hon thin h thng th ch in quan n

u t nh h thng php

lut, h thng tiu chu n cng nghip v o ng, h thng thng k kinh t
Tip tc ci thin v hin i ha c s h t ng nhm to iu kin thun li, qua
gim chi ph

u t cho c c nh

i x bnh ng gia c c nh

u t c Vit Nam.
u t trong nc v nc ngoi, m bo nguyn

tc i x quc gia theo cc Hip nh song phng m Vit Nam vi c c nc.

14

Chnh ph c n ch ng tip xc trc tip vi cc tp on n ca c (c vai

tr quan trng trong mt s nh vc Vit Nam u tin hin nay
cho h

m ph n, mi

u t vo Vit Nam.

y mnh tuyn truyn, vn ng, xc tin

nhm gip h thc s hiu bit v mi trng

u t i vi c c nh

u t c

u t, con ngi cng nh i tc

u t Vit Nam, t h th y c li ch, yn tm v tin tng hn hi

Tip tc

u t

y mnh cng cuc phng, chng tham nhng, thng tin minh bch,

tng cng s tham gia

u t ca ngi dn, truyn thng tham gia gim st vic

thc hin d n s dng vn ODA.

y mnh vic o to i ng c n b v lc ng ao ng tham gia lm vic
trong cc x nghip c FDI ca c.
Tip tc duy tr v cng c nhng u i ti ch nh vi c c nh
Vit Nam c n phi chu n b c c ch nh s ch thu ht
on sau khng hong. Dng vn

u t c.

u t t c cho cc giai

u t nc ngoi t cc cng ty ca c hin

nay ang dng vn c s la chn k cng v a im

u t C c cng ty ca

chu u ang trong qu trnh t i c c u, sp xp li hot ng inh doanh, c bit

khi kinh t hi phc h s c nhng chin c kinh doanh mi, lc ny nhng
nc c mi trng chnh tr v kinh doanh n nh s c li th. Vit Nam c n ch
v tn dng nhng c im ny.
3.4 Gii ph p kh c
Gn hp tc khoa hc v gio dc vi hp tc kinh t thng qua cc hp ng tc,
cc doanh nghip
Ch trng

u t ca c ti Vit Nam nhm tranh th chuyn giao cng ngh

y mnh hp tc gio dc o to, nh t l gio dc i hc, o to

k s v c n b k thut lnh ngh, thng qua quan h hp t c

on a quc gia hng

u t vi cc tp

u ca nc ny, nh t trong nh vc c h ha ch t

nhng nng cao trnh ngun nhn lc Vit Nam.

Trn y l mt s gii php c th c xy dng trn c s nhng im hn
ch trong mi quan h song phng ca Vit Nam v c nhm duy tr bn vng
v thc y hn na mi quan h ny, gp phn xy dng v pht trin t nc
ngy cng tin b, hin i v giu mnh.

15

KT LUN
Quan h song phng gia Vit Nam v CHLB c t nm 1975 n nay c
nhng bc pht trin

ng ghi nhn. Thnh cng c a hai nc th hin nhiu

mt h c nhau c hng ch gip Vit Nam trong qu trnh chuyn i inh t

m cn h tr Vit Nam trong qu trnh ci c ch h thng ph p ut trong hun
h i thoi Nh nc ph p quyn c - Vit Kim ngch xu t kh u thng mi
gia Vit Nam v CHLB c t c tc tng trng xu t kh u cao; c
tr thnh th trng xu t kh u hng

u ca Vit Nam trong Lin minh Chu u;

Vit Nam d n khng nh c v th ca nh cung c p hng ha hng

u trn th

trng c mt s ngnh xu t kh u ch lc; c c u xu t kh u ang thay i theo

hng nng cao t trng cc sn ph m ch to bn cnh nng cao t trng cc mt
hng thc ph m ch bin. V nhp kh u, kim ngch nhp kh u ca Vit Nam t
c tng n nhanh chng trong thi gian qua, c c u nhp kh u thay i theo chiu
hng tng t trng nhp kh u cc mt hng my mc, thit b cng nghip c
hin ang nh cung c p cc mt hng my mc, thit b ln cho Vit Nam bn
cnh c c nc khc trong khu vc nh Nht Bn, Hn Quc, Trung Quc v.v...
Cng vi , quan h

u t gia Vit Nam v CHLB c cng ang trn pht

trin ht sc tt p v xy dng c nn tng ht sc vng chc to iu kin

cho nhng hot ng

u t thng mi trong tng ai

C th ni quan h Vit Nam c ang pht trin tt p, nhng trin vng hp

tc gia hai bn s cng thun li hn hi nhng ngi trong cuc bit tn dng n,
vi mt quyt tm mnh m, nhng hng i ng n. Vi nhng gii ph p c
ra c da trn thc tin ca mi quan h song phng ny vi mong mun s
p ng ph n no yu c u cng c cng nh thc
c, gip

y thm mi quan h Vit Nam

y nhanh qu trnh cng nghip ho hin i ho ca nc ta.

Do iu kin thi gian c nhiu hn hp v gp h hn trong vic tm hiu

chuyn su, bi tiu lun ch c th c gng i vo nhng v n mang t nh b ni
v ni bt nh t trong mi quan h a phng gia Vit Nam v c vi hy vng

16

bi vit s mang li nhng thng tin b ch v c bn cho cc bn sinh vin trong

qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu b mn Kinh t i ngoi.

vi

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. PGS.TS Nguyn Vn Trnh, 2009, Kinh t i ngoi Vit Nam, NXB i hc
Quc gia TP H Ch Minh, xu t bn l n th nh t.
2. TS. Nguyn Thanh c, 2005, Quan h thng mi v u t Vit Nam CHLB
c, NXB Khoa hc x hi.
3. PGS.TS Nguyn Quang Thu n, 2009, Quan h kinh t Vit Nam Lin minh
chu u : Thc trng v trin vng, NXB Khoa hc x hi.
4. The World Bank Group, 2014, Germany, http://data.worldbank.org
(Ngy cp nht 02/11/2014)
5. International Monetary Fund, 2014, "Germany",
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=30&
pr.y=6&sy=2014&ey=2014&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=134&s
=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC&grp=0&a=
(Ngy cp nht 02/11/2014)
6. Exchange-rates.org, 2014, Euro exchange rates against currencies in North and
South America for November 07, http://www.exchangerates.org/currentRates/A/EUR (Ngy cp nht 07/11/2014)
7. The Central Intelligence Agency, 2014, Public debt,
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2186.html
(Ngy cp nht 07/11/2014)
8. c Hong, 2014, c gp kh, chu u mt mi,
http://vietstock.vn/2014/10/duc-gap-kho-chau-au-met-moi-775-369224.htm (Ngy
truy cp 15/10/2014
9. B cng thng Vit Nam, 2014, S liu thng k,
http://www.moit.gov.vn/vn/Pages/Thongke.aspx?Machuyende=TK&ChudeID=16
(Ngy truy cp 29/10/2014)
10. Cc Xc tin Thng mi Vit Nam, 2013, Tnh hnh kinh t c v quan h
thng mi vi Vit Nam nhng nm gn y,

vii

http://www.vietrade.gov.vn/thong-ke-xuat-nhap-khau/3503-tinh-hinh-kinh-t-c-vaquan-h-thng-mi-vi-vit-nam-nhng-nm-gn-ay.html (Ngy truy cp 28/10/2014)

11. Tng cc thng k Vit Nam, 2014, Tr gi xut, nhp khu phn theo nc v
vng lnh th ch yu s b 12 thng nm 2013,
https://gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=629&ItemID=13873 (Ngy truy cp
29/10/2013)
12. B k hoch v

u t, 2014, Quan h hp tc u t Vit Nam CHLB c

http://fia.mpi.gov.vn/tinbai/1087/Quan-he-hop-tac-dau-tu-Viet-Nam-CHLB-Duc
(ngy truy cp 26/10/2014)
13. Nguyn Thnh An, 2014, Tng cng hn na quan h i tc Vit- c
http://nguyentandung.org/tang-cuong-hon-nua-quan-he-doi-tac-viet-duc.html
(ngy truy cp 26/10/2014)
14. Tri Nhn, 2012, Thi bo ngn hng
http://vietstock.vn/2012/08/fii-hap-dan-gan-bat-on-xa-761-235611.htm
(ngy truy cp 25/10/2014)
15. B Ngoi giao Vit Nam, 2011, Thng tin c bn v CHLB c v quan h Vit
Nam c
http://www.mofahcm.gov.vn/vi/mofa/cn_vakv/euro/nr040819111248/ns110331172
052 (ngy truy cp 1/11/2014)

viii

PH LC 1: BNG S LIU
Bng 2.1 Xu t nhp kh u Vit - c giai on 2006 2012
(n v tnh: 1.000.000.000 USD)
N

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Tng kim ngch xu t-nhp kh u 2,359 3,163 3,553 3,472 4,114 5,566 6,472 7,692
Xu t kh u

1,445 1,855 2,073 1,885 2,372 3,367 4,095 4,729

Nhp kh u

914 1,308 1,480 1,587 1,742 2,199 2,377 2,963

Cn i thng mi

531

547

593

298

630 1,168 1,718 1,766

Ngun: Ti chnh hi quan Vit Nam

Bng 2.2 Cc mt hng xu t, nhp kh u ch yu ca Vit Nam giai on 2011
2013
Xu t kh u
Gi tr (triu USD)
Tn mt hng
2011

2012

2013

C ph

296,2

427,2

364,7

in thoi cc loi v linh kin

600,2

1.164

1.546

Gi y dp cc loi

410,2

400,2

457,6

G v sn ph m g

125,9

127,22

108,5

Hng dt may

601,2

558,7

652,3

Hng thy sn

245,5

201,7

115,0

My vi tnh, sn ph m in t v linh kin

57,1

162,04

337,5

Sn ph m ch t do

101,9

107,8

114,7

Ti s ch, Va i, M,

101,5

112,6

132,5

Nhp kh u
Dc ph m

115,5

144,5

147,5

Linh kin ph tng t

59,3

47,9

44,5

My mc, thit b, dng c, ph tng

1.025

810,4

862,9

ix

My vi tnh, sn ph m in t

48,4

60,3

59,4

t cc loi

75,6

44,5

65,2

Phng tin vn ti v ph tng

225,9

583,5

1.043

Sn ph m ha ch t

109,2

108,7

116,1

Sn ph m t st thp

49,2

49,5

53,4

Sa v sn ph m sa

25,7

61,0

41,0

Ngun: Tng cc thng k

PH LC 2: BIU
Hnh 1.1 Cn cn thng mi ca Vit Nam vi cc th trng thuc khi EU
nm 2012