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Glagolska Vremena
Glagolska Vremena
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Nastavak "-s" za sadanje vrijeme izgovara se kao "s" ako dolazi iza bezvunog
suglasnika, ili "z" ako dolazi iza zvunog suglasnika ili samoglasnika:
he speaks (hi spi:ks), he reads (hi ri:dz).
Glagoli koji se zavravaju na s, x, z, sh i ch obrazuju tree lice nastavkom jednine
nastavkom "-es":
he dresses, he teaches.
Glagoli koji se u infinitivu zavravaju na "-y", kad pred tim "y" stoji suglasnik, mijenjaju "y"
u "i", u treem licu jednine:
to cry (he cries), to try (to tries).
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Odrini oblik sadanjeg vremena pravi se tako to se uzme sadanje vrijeme pomonog
glagola "to do", pa se zatim doda negacija "not" i infinitiv glagola koji se mijenja, bez
prijedloga "to":
I write (ja piem) - I do not write, I don't write
Upitni oblik sadanjeg vremena pravi se tako pravi se tako to se uzme sadanje vrijeme
pomonog glagola "to do" u inverziji i infinitiv glagola koji se mijenja, bez prijedloga "to".
You write (ti pie) - Do you write? (pie li?)
Sadanje prosto vrijeme se upotrebljava:
da oznai radnju ije trajanje nije odreeno: I write (ja piem), I work (ja radim);
da potvrdi jednu poznatu istinu: fish live in water (ribe ive u vodi);
da oznai radnju koja se vri po navici: I always rise early (uvijek ustajem rano);
da oznai radnju koja se ponavlja: I have an English lesson three times a week (imam
as engleskog tri puta sedmino).
The sun rises.
past
present
future
present
future
to call - zvati
I call
ja zovem
you call
ti zove
he, she, it calls on, ona , ono zove
we call
mi zovemo
you call
vi zovete
they call
oni, one, ona zovu
I do not call
you do not call
he, she, it does not call
we do not call
you do not call
they do not call
do I call?
do you call?
does, he ,she, it call?
do we call?
do you call?
do they call?
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Ako se glagol zavrava na: suglasnik - naglaeni vokalsuglasnik zadnje slovo se udvostruava:
Izuzetak 1
s
run
t
suglasnik
o
naglaeni vokal
>
p
suglasnik
running
>
stop
stopping
>
begin
beginning
Ovo pravilo ne vai kada naglasak nije na zadnjem slogu
glagola:
open
>
opening
Ako glagol zavrava na ie, mijenjamo ie u y:
Izuzetak 2
lie
>
lying
die
>
dying
Ako glagol zavrava na vokal + suglasnik + e, izostavljamo e:
Izuzetak 3
come
mistake
>
>
coming
mistaking
past
present
future
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Meutim, radnja se ne mora odvijati tano sada, ali se deavala neto ranije i moda e se
deavati poslije trenutka kada o njoj govorimo:
past
future
Glagoli koji oznaavaju neko stanje, a ne radnju, obino se ne koriste u trajnom obliku.
Lista glagola koji se veinom koriste u "simple" formi:
osjetila (percepcije)
feel*, hear, see*, smell, taste
miljenje
assume, feel, consider, doubt, feel (misliti), find (misliti),
suppose, think*
mentalna stanja
forget, imagine, know, mean, notice, recognise, remember,
understand
emocije/elje
envy, fear, dislike, hate, hope, like, love, mind, prefer, regret,
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want, wish
mjerenja
contain, cost, hold, measure, weigh
ostali
look (biti slian), seem, be (u veini sluajeva), have (kada znai
posjedovati)
- glagoli osjetila (feel, see, hear, taste,smell) se esto koriste sa glagolom 'can':
I can see... (mogu vidjeti) itd.
- * Ovi glagoli mogu se koristiti u trajnoj formi ali sa drugim znaenjem, npr:
This coat feels nice and warm. (ovaj brod je lijep i udoban, to je naa percepcija,
osjeaj kvaliteta broda)
John's feeling much better now. (Don se osjea mnogo bolje sada, njegovo zdravlje
se poboljava);
She has three dogs and a cat. (ona ima tri psa i maku, posjedovanje)
She's having supper. (ona veera, ona jede);
to call - zvati
I'm calling
you're calling
he, she, it's calling
we're calling
you're calling
they're calling
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am I calling?
are you calling?
is he, she, it calling?
are we calling?
are you calling?
are they calling?
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I have lived in Sarajevo since 1970. (ivim u Sarajevu od 1970-te, i jo uvijek ivim);
da se oznai radnja koja je zavrena nekad u prolosti, ali je rezultat radnje vaan:
I have buoght a car. (kupio sam auto, vano je da je auto kupljen, nije bitno kada);
uz priloge koji oznaavaju neprekidan razmak vremena: ever, never, yet, already,
since, for:
Have you ever been to Bosnia? (jeste li ikada bili u Bosni?);
da se izrazi radnja koja se upravo dogodila (uz priloge "just'' ili ''just now''):
The guests have just entered the hall. (gosti su upravo uli u dvoranu).
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I haven't called
you haven't called
he, she, it hasn't called
we haven't called
you haven't called
they haven't called
have I called?
have you called?
have he, she, it called?
have we called?
have you called?
have they called?
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prezent perfekt glagola "to be" (have/has been) + prezent particip glavnog glagola
da izrazimo radnju koja je nedavno ili upravo zavrila. I obino imamo sada imamo
neku posljedicu:
past
present
!!!!!
future
I'm tired because I've running. (umoran sam (sada) jer sam trao)
Why is the grass wet? Has it been raining? (zato je trava vlana (sada)? je li padala kia?)
You don't understand because you haven't been listening. (ne razumijete (sada), jer niste
sluali).
past
present
radnja poela u
prolosti
nastavlja se u sadanjosti
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future
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I've been reading for two hours. (itam ve dva sata, i jo uvijek itam)
How long have you been learning English? (koliko dugo ui engleski? a jo ga ui)
We have not been smoking. (nismo puili, a ni sada ne puimo).
Kako je ranije napomenuto uz present perfect continuous esto koristimo "for" i "since".
For koristimo kada priamo o razdoblju vremena: 5 minuta, 7 sedmica, 20 godina.
Ako to razdoblje see do sadanjeg trenutka upotrebljavamo uz for perfekt, a ako je to
razdoblje zavreno moramo upotrijebiti past simple (preterit).
Tara hasn't been feeling well for two weeks. (Tara se ne osjea dobro ve dvije sedmice)
ali
Tara didn't feel well for two weeks, and now she feels well. (Tara se nije dobro osjeala ve
dvije sedmice, a sada se osjea dobro).
Since koristimo kada znamo od koje vremenske take se odvija radnja: u 9 sati, 7. januara, u
petak.
for
since
period vremena
od vremenske take
20 minutes
three days
six months
a long time
ever
itd.
6.15 am
Monday
January
I left school
the beginning of time
itd.
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to call - zvati
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infinitiv
work
explode
like
go
see
sing
preterit
worked
exploded
liked
went
saw
sang
past particip
worked
exploded
liked
gone
seen
sung
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Glagol be nema u svim licima isti oblik, upitnu reenicu pravimo zamjenom subjekta
i glagola.
I, he, she, it was here. - Was I, he, she, it here?
You were here. - were you here?
Ako glagol zavrava na suglasnik ispred kojeg stoji kratak naglaen vokal, krajnji
samoglasnik se udvostruava:
plan - planned
skip - skipped
Krajnje "l" se uvijek udvostruava:
level - levelled
call - called
Ako glagol zavrava na "-y" ispred kojeg se nalazi suglasnik, taj se "y" mijenja u "i":
worry - worried
cry - cried
I didn't call
you didn't call
he, she, it didn't call
did I call?
did you call?
did he, she, it call?
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we didn't call
you didn't call
they didn't call
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did we call?
did you call?
did they call?
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Kod glagola koji se ne koriste u trajnom obliku upotrebljava se obini preterit >>.
to call - zvati
I was calling.
you were calling.
he, she, it was calling
we were calling
you were calling
they were calling
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was I calling?
were you calling?
was he, she, it calling?
were we calling?
were you callingg?
were they calling?
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We had left home before he came. (bili smo otili prije nego to je on doao)
The train left at 9am. We arrived at 9.15am. The train had left when we arrived.
(voz je krenuo u 9 sati. Mi smo stigli u 9 i 15. Voz je bio otiao kada smo mi stigli.)
The train had left when we arrived.
past
present
future
9.15
Mi stiemo u 9 i 15.
I was not hungry. I had just eaten. (nisam bio gladan, upravo sam bio jeo)
I didn't know who he was. I had never seen him before. (nisam znao ko je on, nisam
ga nikad bio vidio)
He said that he had seen him at the theatre. (rekao je da ga je bio vidio kod pozorita).
U ovom primjeru past perfect je upotrebljen u indirektnom govoru umjesto past
simple u direktnom.
c) iza izraza: as if (kao da), if only (kad bi barem), I wish (kamo sree da), past perfectom se
izraava neto to nije ostvareno u prolosti:
I wish I had met you before. (kamo sree da sam te ranije sreo)
If only you had sent me the SMS. (da si mi barem poslala SMS)
He played the basketball as if he had played in NBA. (igrao je koarku kao da je igrao u
NBA)
to call - zvati
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had I called?
had you called?
had he, she, it called?
had we called?
had you called?
had they called?
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future
11
John was very tired. he had been running. (John je bio veoma umoran, trao je cijele veeri)
I could smell cigarettes. somebody had been smoking. (osjetio sam cigarete, neko je puio).
Past Perfect Continous se takoer upotrebljava u indirektnom govoru umjesto trajnog oblika
prolog vremena (past continuous tense) u direktnom govoru.
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I hope we will have better luck next day. (nadam se da emo imati vie sree drugi put)
I expect that he will come tomorrow. (oekujem da e on doi sutra)
I will help her because she is beautiful. (pomoi u joj jer je lijepa)
to call - zvati
I will call (ja u zvati)
you will call
he, she, it will call
we will call
you will call
they will call
will I call?
will you call?
will he, she, it call?
will we call?
will you call?
will they call?
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past
present
future
4pm
U 4 sata biu usred posla.
Kada koristimo budue trajno vrijeme, na slualac obino zna ili razumije u koje vrijeme se
radnja odvija.
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I won't be calling
you won't be calling
he, she, it won't be calling
we won't be calling
you won't be calling
they won't be calling
will I be calling?
will you be calling?
will he, she, it be calling?
will we be calling?
will you be calling?
will they be calling?
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past
present
future
Voz odlazi u 9 sati.
9.15
Vi stiete u 9 i 15.
Ovo vrijeme takoer izraava i radnju koja e se desiti i zavriti do odreenog vremena u
budunosti:
They will have left the Parlament by 12 o'clock. (Oni e napustiti parlament do 12 sati.)
to call - zvati
I will have called (budem bio
I will not have called
zvao)
you will have called
you will not have called
he, she, it will have called
we will have called
you will have called
they will have called
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to call - zvati
I will not have been
calling
you will not have been
you will have been calling
calling
he, she, it will have been
he, she, it will not have
calling
been calling
we will not have been
we will have been calling
calling
you will not have been
you will have been calling
calling
they will not have been
they will have been calling
calling
I will have been calling
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