3-5 ng lc trong v

K hiu h trc s dng trong l thuyt v l , , z vi , l ng to

trng vi ng cong chnh trn mt trung bnh c bn knh cong R,
R v trc z l php tuyn mt trung bnh c chiu dng theo chiu ca
vc t php tuyn n v en= exe.
Tng t l thuyt tm, ta nh ngha ng lc trong v l nhng thnh
phn hp lc t gia b dy v ca tt c cc ng sut tc ng trn b
dy ca v tnh trn mt n v chiu di ca mt trung bnh.
Xt chiu di phn t ds trn mt ct vung gc trc nh trn hnh 3-5.
Gi A,B l h s Lame tng ng ca ng to , , ta c ds= Ad.
z

(a)

(b)

Hnh v 3-8 nh ngha cc ng lc trong v

Trn mt ct c cc ng sut , , z v hp lc ca cc ng sut

ny trn mt n v chiu di ca mt trung bnh s l
N = (1 +
( h)

z
) dz ;
R
z

(1 + R ) dz ;

Q =

(h)

(1 + R ) dz ;

S =

(3-26)

(h)

M = (1 +
(h)

z
) z dz ;
R
z

M =

(1 + R ) z dz .

(h)

Tng t trn mt ct vung gc trc ta c cc hp lc trn mt n v

chiu di ca mt ct l cc i lng
N = (1 +
( h)

Q =

z
) dz ;
R
z

(1 + R ) dz ;
z

(h)

54

S = (1 +
(h)

M =

z
) dz ;
R

(3-27)

(1 + R ) z dz ;

(h)

M = (1 +
(h)

z
) z dz
R

Cc i lng va nh ngha c gi l cc ng lc ca v, thc cht l

hp lc t trn mt trung bnh ca ni lc trn mt n v chiu di mt
trung bnh, hoc l hp lc theo chiu cao t gia b dy ca cc ng
sut.
Tng ng ta gi: ng lc mng l lc dc N, N v lc trt S , S;
ng lc un xon l lc ct Q, Q, mmen un M,
M v mmen xon M , M .
Chi dng ca cc ng lc c quy nh ph hp vi chiu dng ca
cc ng sut trong h trc , , z nh ch ra trn hnh v 3-6.
Lu rng mc du = nhng theo nh ngha th
M M v S S;
Ch khi v mng, b qua t s z/R so vi n v, th chng ta mi c
(3-28)
M = M = H v S = S = S.
3-6 Phng trnh vi phn ca s cn bng
Xt phn t v c b dy h v kch thc trn mt trung bnh ds x ds .
K hiu A, B l h s Lame ca ng to th ds= Ad, ds= Bd
Phn t nm cn bng di tc ng ca ngoi lc b mt c cng
q(q, q, qn) v ng lc trn cc cnh nh trn hnh v 3-7 a,b.

Hnh 3-9 iu kin cn bng ca phn t v

55

Cc phng trnh cn bng hnh chiu trn cc trc e, e, en cho kt qu:

( BN ) ( AS )
A
AB
B
+ Q
+ ABq = 0 .
+ S
+
N

( AN )

( BQ )

+
+

( BS )

( AQ )

B
AB
A
+ Q
+ ABq = 0 .
+ S

N N
) AB + q n AB = 0
(
+
R
R

Cc phng trnh cn bng mmen i vi trc e, e cho kt qu:

( BM )

( BM )

( AM )

+ M

A
B
M
+ ABQ = 0 ;

( BM )
B
A

+ M
M
+ ABQ = 0 .

Phng trnh cn bng vct mmen i vi trc en cho kt qu

S S +

M
R

M
R

= 0.

iu kin ny c t ng tho mn. Thc vy, theo nh ngha ca lc

trt v mmen xon, iu kin ny c vit li l
z

(1 + R ) dz + (1 + R ) dz + R (1 + R ) z dz + R (1 + R ) z dz

( h)

( h)

(h)

( )(1 + R )(1 + R )dz = 0

(h)

theo nh lut i ng ca ng sut tip.

( h)

Nh vy, ta ch c 5 phng trnh cn bng cha 10 n s lc

( BN ) ( AS )
B
AB
A
+
N
+ S
+ Q
+ ABq = 0 ,

( AN )

( BS )

(3-29)

A
B
AB
+ S
+ Q
+ ABq = 0 ,

R
( BQ ) ( AQ ) N N
+
(
+
) AB + q n AB = 0 ,
R
R

( BM )

( BM )

( AM )

+ M

A
B
M
+ ABQ = 0 ,

( BM )
B
A

+ M
M
+ ABQ = 0 .

Quan h chuyn v v bin dng trong v

Quan h chuyn v ti im bt k v ti im tng ng nm trn
mt trung bnh: K hiu chuyn v im M(, , z) nm v tr bt k
trong v l u , v , w ; chuyn v ti im M0(, , 0) nm trn mt trung
bnh l u , v , w.
Gia cc h s Lame ti 2 im M v M0 tn ti quan h
3-7

A = A(1 +

56

z
),
R

B = B(1 +

z
),
R

(3-30)

(3-31)
C =C
S dng gi thit php tuyn thng v c chiu di khng i, ta c th
w = w = w(, ),
vit
(3-32)
u = u0(, ) + k1z,
v = v0(, )+ k2z
Cc h s k1, k2 c xc nh theo gi thit php tuyn vung gc mt
trung bnh sau bin dng z = 0, z = 0. iu kin ny, theo 3-3, l
1 w v v B
C w
B v
( )+
( )=

+
B C
C B
B z B z
v + k2 z B
1
w
+ k2
=
= 0.
z
z R
)
)
B (1 +
B (1 +
R
R

z =
z

T , ta tm c k 2 =

u
1 w
v
1 w
, k1 =

R B
R A

u
1 w

),
R A
v
1 w
v = v + z(

).
R B

u = u + z(

(3-33)
(3-34)

Biu thc trn cho php tnh chuyn v ti im bt k trong v theo

chuyn v ti im tng ng trn mt trung bnh.
Bin dng ti im bt k trong v, theo 3-3, s l
= (

v A w
1 u
1 1 w u
1 1 w v

+
+
) z[
(

)+
(
)] , (3-35)
A AB R
A A R
AB B R

= (

u B w
1 v
1 1 w v
1 1 w u

+
+
) z[
(

)+
(
)] ,
B AB R
B B R
AB A R

w
B v
A u
B 1 v
A 1 u
w

( )+
( ) + z[
(

)+
(
)]
A B
B A
A B R B
B A R A

hoc ta c th vit di dng gn hn

= + z,
= + z ,
= + 2z
vi cc k hiu

1 u
v A w
+
+
,
A AB R
u B w
1 v
,
=
+
+
B AB R
B v
A u
( )+
( ),
=
A B
B A
1 u
1 w
1 v
1 w
=
(

)+
(

),
A R A
AB R B

(3-36)

57

(3-37)

1 v
1 w
1 u
(
)+
(

B R B
AB R
1 B 1 v
w
A
= [
(

)+
2 A B R B
B

1 w
),
A
1 u
w
(

)] .
A R A

(3-38)

l bin dng di v mt na bin dng gc ti im

M(, ,z) bt k nm trong v.
, ,
l bin dng di v mt na bin dng gc ti im
M(, , 0) nm trn mt trung bnh, cn gi l cc
bin dng mng.
, ,
l thay i cong xon ca ng to trn mt
trung bnh, cn gi l cc bin dng un-xon.
Cc cng thc trn cho php tnh bin dng ca im bt k qua bin
dng ca mt trung bnh. Nh th, nh cc gi thit hnh hc cu
Kirchoff-Love, ta a c bi ton 3 chiu v bi ton 2 chiu.
3-8 Quan h vt l
Theo gi thit v gi tr b ca cc ng sut theo phng b dy v z,
trng thi ng sut trong v ch l trng thi ng sut phng, trn phn t
hnh hp ch nht vi cc cnh ds.ds.dz ch c cc ng sut , ,
nh hnh v 3-8.

Hnh 3-10.Trng thi ng sut ca phn t v

Theo nh lut Hooke

E
( + ) ,
1 2
E
=
( + ) ,
1 2
E

=
1+

(3-38)

Thay th biu thc ca bin dng 3-35 vo 3-38, sau tnh cc ng lc

theo tch phn 3-26, 3-27, ta c
E
z
(1 +
)[ + + z ( + )]dz ,
2
R
1 h
E
z
N =
(1 +
)[ + + z ( + )]dz ,
2
R
1 h
N =

58

S =

E
z
(1 +
)[ + z ]dz ,

1+ h
R

S =

E
z
(1 +
)[ + z ]dz ,

1+ h
R

E
z
z (1 +
)[ + + z ( + )]dz ,
2
R
1 h
E
z
M =
z (1 +
)[ + + z ( + )]dz ,
2
R
1 h
E
z
M =
z (1 +
)[ + z ]dz ,

1+ h
R

M =

M =

E
z
z (1 +
)[ + z ]dz .

1+ h
R

Tr s lc ct c tnh trc tip t hai phng trnh cn bng cui cng

ca 3-29
( BM )

( AM )

A
+ M

( AM ) ( BM )
B
ABQ =
+
M
+ M

ABQ =

B
;

A
.

(3-39a)
(3-39b)

Khi v mng, b qua t s z/R so vi n v, chp nhn gn ng 3-28,

sau khi tch phn, ta c kt qu
Eh
( + ) ,
1 2
Eh
N =
( + ) ,
1 2
Eh
Eh
=
,
S = S = S =
1+
2(1 + )
M = D( + ) ,
N =

(3-40)

M = D( + ) ,
M = M = H = D(1 )

k hiu cng tr D =

Eh3
.
12(1 2 )

Biu thc ngc li tm bin dng theo ng lc s l

1
1
2(1 + )
( N N ) ; =
( N N ) ; =
S.
(3-41)
Eh
Eh
Eh
12(1 + )
12
12
= 3 ( M M ) ; = 3 ( M M ) ; =
M . (3-42)
Eh
Eh
Eh 3

3-9

Th nng bin dng n hi

K hiu ue l TNBDH tch lu trong phn t v c chiu dy h v
c kch thc mt trung bnh l mt n v din tch, biu thc ue s l
1
2

ue = ( N + N + S + M + M + H )
TNBDH trong ton b v
59

U = u e ds ds = u e ABdd
S

1
= ( N + N + S + M + M + H 0 ) ABdd
2S

Thay ng lc bi cc bin dng 3-42, nhn c

U=

2
Eh
[( + ) 2 2(1 )(
) ] ABdd
2
4
2(1 ) S
D
+ [( + ) 2 (1 )( ) 2 ] ABdd
2S

(3-43)

S hng th nht l th nng ca bin dng mng, s hng th hai l th

nng bin dng un-xon. Biu thc ca th nng c s dng trong cc
cch gii theo nguyn l nng lng.
3-10 Cc cch gii bi ton v
H thng phng trnh c bn
H gm 5 phng trnh cn bng 3-25; 6 phng trnh quan h
chuyn v bin dng mt trung bnh 3-39, 3-40; 6 phng trnh quan h
ng lc v bin dng 3-42. H 17 phng trnh cha 17 n s: 3 chuyn
v, 6 bin dng, 8 ng lc v nguyn tc l mt h kn v kt hp vi cc
iu kin bin cho php ta gii c bi ton ca l thuyt v. Cc hng
s tch phn c xc nh theo iu kin bin. Cng nh bi ton n hi
tng qut, bi ton v c th c gii theo chuyn v, c gii theo ng
lc hoc theo cch gii hn hp. S thun li ca mi cch gii ph thuc
vo c im tng lp bi ton c th, tng loi v m trong mt s
trng hp cc phng trnh c th tr thnh n gin hn.
Phn loi bi ton v mng theo trng thi ng lc
ng lc trong v gm hai loi: ng lc mng nm trong mt phng
tip tuyn mt trung bnh l cc lc dc N , N v lc trt S; ng lc
un xon l cc mmen un M, M, mmen xon H v lc ct Q, Q.
Tu thuc vo dng hnh hc ca v, ti trng tc ng v iu kin bin
m cc ng lc ny c th c vai tr v ln cc cp khc nhau.
Khi ng lc mng ng vai tr duy nht hoc ch yu, ng lc un
xon khng tn ti hoc ng vai tr th yu c th b qua th trng thi
ng lc cu v c gi l phi mmen v c nghin cu trong l thuyt
v phi mmen.
Phn loi bi ton v mng theo dng hnh hc v
V cc thng s hnh hc ca v (cc tr A, B, C, R, R...) tham gia
trc tip vo phng trnh ca l thuyt v nn c th phn loi l thuyt
tnh ton theo dng hnh hc ca v: v trn xoay, v tr, v cu, v
hyperboloit, v thoi...

60