Theo hnh 4-6 ta tnh c cc h s Lame ds = R d A = R ,

ds = rd B = r = R sin .
dr
= sin(90 0 ) = cos dr = ds cos = R cos d
ds
dr
(4-11)
= R cos
d

V
nn

Cc phng trnh c bn
Phng trnh cn bng 4-1, sau khi i sang to , thay cho , :
(rN )

S
+ N R cos + rR q = 0 ;

N
1 (r 2 S )
+ R
+ rR q = 0 ;
r

N N
+
= qn .
R
R
+ R

(4-12)

Phng trnh hnh hc v vt l:

1
1 u w
;
+
( N N ) =
R R
Eh
1 v u
w
1
=
( N N ) =
;
+ cos +
r r
R
Eh
2(1 + )
r v 1 u
.
S =
= 2 =
( )+
Eh
R r
r

(4-13)

4-6 Bi ton i xng trc

H to cu
Khi v trn xoay chu ti trng i xng trc th bi ton tr thnh
bi ton i xng trc. Cc i lng ca bi ton l hng s theo v ,
l hm s ca kinh . Chuyn v theo v tuyn bng khng v = 0. Ta
cng gi thit q = 0 khng xt trng hp xon v quanh trc z.
Phng trnh cn bng th hai ca 4-12 cho kt qu S = 0.
Thay th phng trnh cn bng th nht, ta xt tng hnh chiu
trn trc i xng z ca cc lc tc ng ln phn trn v ang xt ti
kinh nh trn hnh 4-7.

Hnh 4-7

Phn v gii hn bi ng kinh .

68

D dng nhn c
(4-14)
2N r sin = Fz
Fz : tng hnh chiu cc ngoi lc tc ng ln phn v ang xt.
Lc dc v tuyn N tm t phng trnh cn bng th ba, c tn
gi l phng trnh Laplace ca bi ton i xng trc ca v trn xoay,
N
R

N
= qn
R

(4-15)

Bin dng v chuyn v xc nh theo quan h

=

1 du
w
1
+
=
( N N ) ;
R d R Eh

u
r

1
w
=
( N N ) ;
Eh
R
2(1 + )
=
S =0.
Eh

= cos +
= 2

(4-16)

Xt mt vi th d v bi ton v trn xoay trng thi phi mmen.

Phng trnh gii l 4-14 v 4-15.
1. V cu chu p lc bn trong p (hnh v 4-8):
ng lc

N = N =

Bin dng di

Chuyn v

pR
;
2

(4-17)

w
1
1
=
( N N ) =
pR .
R Eh
2 Eh
1
w=
pR 2 .
2 Eh

Hnh 4-8 V cu

Hnh 4-9

V tr

2. V tr chu p lc bn trong p (hnh v 4-9)

Khi v khng y:
Khi v c y:

(4-18)

1
pR 2 . (4-19)
2 Eh
pR
2
N =
; N = pR ; w = R =
pR 2 .(4-20)
2
2 Eh

N = 0; N = pR ; w = R =

3. Chm cu chu trng lng bn thn (hnh 4-10)

69

Hnh 4-10 Chm cu chu TLBT

K hiu p l trng lng trn mt n v din tch mt trung bnh ca

v, lc php tuyn l
q n = p cos .
Phng trnh 4-14 cho php tm lc dc kinh tuyn
2rN sin = 2R 2 p (1 cos ) .
N =

pR(1 cos )
pR
=
< 0 . (4-21)
2
1 + cos
1 cos

Phng trnh Laplace 4-15 cho php tnh lc dc v tuyn

N = pR(cos

1
).
1 + cos

(4-22)

N < 0 khi gc chn < 51049

N = 0 khi gc chn = 51049
N < 0 khi gc chn > 51049.
Biu cc ng lc cho trn hnh 4-10.
4. B cha hnh tr (hnh v 4-11)
K hiu z l trc i xng ca v c gc ti mt y. Ta xt phn thn
v tr nm xa y z >> 0.
qn = (H z) .
p lc ln thnh b c tr s
Lc dc theo phng ng sinh: khi khng c mi
N = 0 ,
N =

khi c mi trng lng G

Lc dc theo phng vng:
Chuyn v php tuyn:

N = q n R = R( H z ) .
w=

G
.
2R

(4-24)

1
R 2
( N z N ) =
(H z)
Eh
Eh

(4-25)

Mt bn ca v s bin dng thnh mt hnh chp, chuyn v php tuyn

ln nht pht sinh ti y di khi z = 0 v bng w0 =

Hnh 4-11 B tr

R 2 H
Eh

(hnh 4-12b).

Hnh 4-12 B cu

5. V cu ng cht lng khng p, c vnh (hnh 4-12)

Gi thit v cha y cht lng c trng lng ring , c vnh ti to
= 0. Cc thnh phn ti trng q = q = 0; qn = z.
S dng phng trnh cn bng 4-14, tnh c
Vi < 0

N = N =

q n R Rz R 2
=
=
(1 cos ) .
2
2
2

70

(4-26)

1
2R sin 2 .N = 2 R 3 sin cos (1 cos )d + R 3
3

Vi > 0

R 2 7 cos 3 cos 2
[ +

].
4
4
sin 2 12
N = R 2 (1 cos ) N
N =

(4-27)

(4-28)
Theo 4-13
4-7 L thuyt phi mmen kt hp hiu ng bin
D dng nhn thy rng khi bin c lin kt ngn cn chuyn v php
tuyn th nhng kt qu nhn c theo l thuyt phi mmen khng cn
ng.
Nu v tun theo cc iu kin ca l thuyt hiu ng bin n gin
th c th phn tch:
Kt qu phi mmen dng chung cho ton v, tr ln cn cc ng
lch.
Trng thi mmen, hoc hiu ng bin s tn ti ln cn ng lch.
Nu ng lch l ng th phng trnh hiu ng bin l
d 4w
+ 44 w = 0
4
d
12(1 2 ) A 4
=4
4h 2 R 2

(4-29)
(4-30)

i vi v tr, khi ng lch l ng trn nm trong mt phng

vung gc ng sinh, th A = 1, R = R v = 4

12(1 2 )
= const .
4h 2 R 2

Phng trnh, khi ny, gi l phng trnh HB v tr, c dng ging nh

phng trnh vi phn vng ca dm nm trn nn n hi Winkler.
i vi cc loi v khc, nu ln cn ng lch c th ly mt cch
gn ng A = const, R = const th h s ca phng trnh cng l hng
s, phng trnh hiu ng bin gn ng cng c dng phng trnh HB
v tr.
Trng thi ng sut bin dng thc ca v l tng ca hai trng thi
PMM v trng thi HB.
p dng vic gii bi ton v theo l thuyt phi mmen kt hp hiu
ng bin, ta xt mt vi v d
a- B cha nc hnh tr c y lin kt ngm.
Theo l thuyt phi mmen, chuyn v php tuyn l
w0 =

R 2
Eh

(H z) .

Ti y ngm tn ti trng thi mmen biu din bi phng trnh 5-29.

Nghim ca phng trnh l
w = e z [C1 cos z + C 2 sin z ] + e z [C 3 cos z + C 4 sin z ]

Trng thi mmen tt nhanh khi i xa y nn c th ly

C3 = C4= 0.
Chuyn v php tuyn thc s l tng ca trng thi PMM v ca trng
thi HB:
71

w = w0 + w =

R 2
Eh

( H z ) + e z [C1 cos z + C 2 sin z ]

w = 0 v

Theo iu kin bin: khi z = 0 th

dw
=0
dz

xc nh c hng s tch phn

C1 =

R 2 H
Eh

, C2 =

R 2 1
( H) .
Eh

T , nhn c biu thc ca cc i lng:

mmen un
lc ct
lc dc vng

R 2

1
) sin z ]} ;
Eh
H
d 2 w RHh z
1
M = D 2 =
e [sin z (1
) cos z ] ;
H
dz
12
dM H z
1
1
Q =
=
e [(2
) cos z
sin z ] ;
dz
2
H
H
Ehw
1
N =
= R{H z e z H [cos z + (1
) sin z ]} .
R
H

chuyn v php tuyn

w=

{H z e z [cos z + (1

Biu mmen un, lc vng v trn hnh 4-13 cho thy: ti gn y th

thnh b chu ch yu tc ng ca mmen un v lc ct. Tr s mmen
un ln nht khi = 0 ti z = 0 v bng

M ( 0 ) = (1

1 RHh
)
.
H 2 3

Ly vi s liu: chiu cao H = 5m; b dy v h = 0,2m; bn knh R = 15m;

trng lng ring ca cht lng = 10kN/m3; ta tm c = 0,7598 1/m
v M(0) = 31,90kNm/m.

Hnh v 4-13 B tr c hiu ng bin

b- V tr kn chu lc trn bin

Xt mt ng mng hnh tr chu tc ng ca mmen phn b m0 v lc
ngang phn b q0 ti mt u ng, chiu dng ca cc i lng c v
trn hnh 4-14.
m0
q0

Hnh 4-14 ng tr di chu lc bin

72

Theo phng trnh HB, nghim ca bi ton s l:

w = e z [C1 cos z + C 2 sin z ] ;
dw
= e z [(C1 C 2 ) cos z + (C1 + C 2 ) sin z ] ;
dz
d 2w
M = D 2 = 22 De z [C 2 cos z + C1 sin z ] ;
dz
dM
Q =
= 23 De z [(C1 + C 2 ) cos z + (C1 C 2 ) sin z ] .
dz

iu kin bin c vit ti mt c to z = 0: M = m0; Q = q0

cho php xc nh

C1 = (

q0
2 D
3

m0
) v
2 2 D

C2 =

m0
.
2 2 D

T tm c chuyn v ti bin
m0
);
2 D 2 2 D
q
m
( z = 0) = 0 = (C1 C 2 ) = 20 + 0 .
2 D D
w( z = 0) = w0 = C1 = (

q0
3

Nhng kt qu ca bi ton HB ca v tr va nhn c cng c th p

dng cho bi ton tng t ca cc loi v c hnh dng khc khi bn
knh cong R theo ng to bin thay i chm theo to , chng
hn v cu, v parabole hoc v nn c mt phng tip tuyn ti bin hp
vi trc i xng z nhng gc nm trong khong 600 900 .
Di y nu vi th d.
V tr chu p lc bn trong bng hng s p0, y phng bn knh R.
Xc nh mmen un cc b ti ni tip gip thn v y bnh cha

X2 X2 X1
X2 X2 X1
Hnh 4-15 V tr chu p lc trong, c y phng

iu kin lin tc bin dng:

y = v.
B qua bin dng mng ca y:
wv = 0.
Theo kt qu bi ton tm trn lin kt khp trn chu vi, chu ti trng
php tuyn phn b u v mmen un trn bin, ta c
p0
m0
5+ 2
(a 2 r 2 )(
a r2) +
(a 2 r 2 )
64 D
1+
2(1 + ) D
p
2m0 r
5+ 2
= 0 [2r (
a r 2 ) 2r (a 2 r 2 )]
64 D
1+
2(1 + ) D
w=

73

0 =

ti bin r = a

p0 a 3
m0 a

8 D(1 + ) (1 + ) D

i vi thn v tr phng trnh HB l

w = e z [C1 cos z + C 2 sin z ] ;
dw
= e z [(C1 C 2 ) cos z + (C1 + C 2 ) sin z ] ;
dz
d 2w
M = D 2 = 22 De z [C 2 cos z + C1 sin z ] ;
dz
dM
Q =
= 23 De z [(C1 + C 2 ) cos z + (C1 C 2 ) sin z ] .
dz

iu kin bin c vit ti mt c to z = 0: w = 0 v M = m0;

Do
C1 = 0
m0 = 22 DC 2 hoc C 2 =

0 =

m0
2 2 D

m
dw
= 0
dz 2D

Cho cn bng biu thc hai gc xoay y = v, nhn c

p0 a 3
m0 a
m
= 0
+
8 D (1 + ) (1 + ) D 2D
p0 a 3
m0 =
4(1 + 2a )

V ghp t bn cu v tr
Xt mt bnh cha kh hnh tr ng knh 2R c y l hai bn cu nh
trn hnh v 5- 16 (chiu di v L >> R).
Tch ring hai phn v tr v y bn cu, t vo mt ct cc ni lc
mmen un m0, lc ct q0, ta vit iu kin tng thch ca bin dng:
Ti mt ct tip gip phn thn hnh tr v phn y hnh bn cu th
(a)
wC = wT
C = - T (b)
ng thc ca gc xoay mang du m v trc z ca hai phn v hng
ngc chiu nhau.
Chuyn v v do p lc trong p, mmen un m0, lc ct q0 gy ra nn c
th vit:
w = wp + wm+q.
= p + m+q.
q0

q0
m0
2R

Hnh 5-16 V tr c y bn cu

74

i vi v tr:

2
pR 2 ;
T,P = 0.
2 Eh
q
m
wT , M + Q = ( 30 + 20 ) ;
2 D 2 D
q0
m
T ,M +Q = 2 + 0 .
2 D D
q
m
2
wT =
pR 2 ( 30 + 20 ) ;
2 Eh
2 D 2 D
q0
m0
.
T = 2 +
2 D D
wT .P =

- khi v c y, theo 5-21:

- theo bi ton HB

- chuyn v ton phn

i vi v cu:

1
pR 2 ;
C,P = 0.
2 Eh
q
m
- chuyn v do HB
wC ,m + q = ( 3 0 + 20 ) ;
2 D 2 D
q
m
C ,m + q = 20 + 0 .
2 D D
q
m
1
- chuyn v ton phn
wC =
pR 2 + 30 20 ;
2 Eh
2 D 2 D
q0
m0
.
C = 2 +
2 D D
m0 = 0 ;
Thc hin iu kin (a), (b) ta tm c
wC .P =

- chuyn v phi mmen

q0 =

R 2 h 2 3
p.
24(1 2 )

Bit tr s m0, q0 c th tm c cc i lng chuyn v , ng lc trong

w0 =

v. Ti mt tip gip hai phn thn v y

0 =

4 Eh

4 7
pR 2 ;
8 Eh

pR 2 .

B cha nc hnh tr, c y ngm

Xt li bi ton b cha nc hnh tr trn, ta phn tch bi ton nh trn
hnh v

q0
m0
Bi ton cho

Phi mmen

Cc mmen, lc ct tm t iu kin bin

w = wPmm + wm+q = 0
75

HB

 = Pmm + m+q = 0.
c

w pmm =

R 2 H

(w dng l hng ra);

Eh
R 2
(hm w nghch bin nn gc xoay l m).
=
Eh
q
m
= ( 30 + 20 ) ;
2 D 2 D
q
m
= 20 + 0 (hm w ng bin, gc xoay dng).
2 D D

pmm
wm + q

m+q

Gii phng trnh

nhn c

m0
R 2 H
)
+
=0
Eh
23 D 22 D
q0
m0 R 2
+

=0
22 D D Eh
RhH
1
m0 =
(1
) (ngc chiu gi thit);
2
H
2 3(1 )
(

q0

q0 =

H
1
(1
)
2
2H

(cng chiu gi thit).

76