Junction Circulators

Ferrimagnets having low RF loss are used in passive microwave components such as
isolators, circulators, phase shifters, and miniature antennas operating in a wide range of
frequencies (1100 GHz). Circulator is versatile microwave device which is becoming one of the
most widely used is the ferrite junction circulator. Its versatility is indicated by the fact that in
addition to its use as a circulator, it also can be used as an isolator or as a switch. An accurate
model is essential for the analysis and design of ferrite junction circulator that can be obtained
using electromagnetic simulation. However, the electromagnetic simulation is expensive for its
high computational cost.
Artificial Neural networks are efficient alternatives to conventional methods such as
numerical modeling methods, which could be computationally expensive or analytical methods
and could be difficult to obtain for new devices or empirical models, whose range and accuracy
could be limited. Neural networks have also been used for wide variety of RF and Microwave
computer aided design (CAD) problems.
Circulators are essential elements in high power microwave systems and analysis of
junction circulator using microstrip line will be implemented by Artificial Neural Network
(ANN) model to determine the magnitude and phase variations (S-Parameters) for various
frequencies. For the analysis, a simple ANN forward model is used where the inputs are
geometrical parameters and the outputs are electrical parameters. For the design of RF and
microwave components, an inverse model is used where the inputs are electrical parameters and
the outputs are geometrical parameters. The performance of the model is evaluated in terms of
average and maximum estimated errors using different neural network training algorithms.