-

0210

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( )CRD

( )CRD

()LSD

Duncan

()RCBD

()CRD
9

Latin square

10

CRD
RCBD

11

Factorial exp.

12

()CRD

13

14

()CRD

()RCBD

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:
( :)Design .

( :)Experimental unit .

( :)Experimental error

- ( :)Degree of freedom

- ( :)experiment

( : )Source of Variation- S.O.V .

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()Completely Randomized Design CRD

: ( )CRD (
).

.)Mathematical Model ( :
Yij = + Ti + eij

:Yij j .i

: .
:Ti . i

: eij . 2e

www.tu.edu.iq

.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value

f

SSt
MSt = ----t-1
MSt
SSe
MSe = ----- F = -------MSe
)t(r-1
-------------

Yi.
SSt = ------ - CF
r
SSe = SST SSt
SST = Yij2 CF

Treat.

t-1

)Experimental t(r-1
Error.

Total
tr-1

:t
:r

CF
( )t (.)r

(Y..)2
CF = -------tr

: ()
()

www.tu.edu.iq

()

()Yi.
12

()Yij
3,3,4,2

16

4 ,5 ,3 ,4

13

4 ,3 ,3,3

Y.. = 41

:
:
(Y..)2
(41)2
CF = -------- = ---------- = 140.8
tr
3x4
(:)SSt
2

Yi.
)(12) + (16) + (13
SSt = ------ - CF = ----------------------- - 140.8
r
4
SSt = 2.166
(:)SST
SST = Yij2 CF
SST = 32 + 32 + 42 + ----- + 32 140.8
SST = 6.92
(:)SSe
SSe = SST SSt
SSe = 6.92 - 2.166
SSe = 4.75
:
(:)MSt
SSt
2.166 2.166
MSt = ----- = ------- = -------- = 1.08
t-1
3-1
2
(:)MSe
www.tu.edu.iq

SSe
4.75
4.75
MSe = ------- = ---------- = ---------- = 0.53
)t(r-1
)3(4-1
9
F :
MSt
1.08
F = -------- = ------ = 2.05
MSe
0.53
:
.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value


f

MSt = 1.08

1.08
F = -------0.53
F = 2.05

SSt = 2.166

t-1= 3-1 = 2

MSe = 0.53

t(r-1) = 3(4-1) SSe = 4.75

=9

-------------

tr-1 = 3X4- 1
= 12

F (

SST = 6.92

Treat.

Experimental
Error.

Total

)Calculated ( )2.05 F

( )Tabulated ( F )
( )2 ( )9
() F

(Non-
: )significant .

F 0.05 ( )P<0.05 *

0.01 ( )P<0.01 **
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* ** .
1 : :
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value


f

-----------

60

15

----------

-----------

Treat.
3

Experimen
tal Error.
-------

Total
19

-----------

0 : :
Yij = + Ti + eij
3 : (.)CRD
: ( )CV ( :
( MSe )
( )X .100

MSe
CV% = -------------- X 100
X
: ( )CRD (
).
(.)Mathematical Model ( :
) .
Yij = + Ti + eij
www.tu.edu.iq

.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value

f

MSt
F = -------MSe

Yi. 2
SSt = ------ - CF
ri

SSt
MSt = ----t-1
SSe
MSe = ----ri-t
-------------

SSe = SST SSt

SST = Yij2 CF

Treat.

t-1

Experimental ri-t
Error.

Total
ri-1

: .
(Y..)2
CF = -------ri
: ri () .
: ( )E
( )0 , 5 , 10 , 15 %
:

() ri
4
3

Yi.

()Yij

67
35

10 , 15 , 20 , 22
10 , 12 , 13 , --

1
2

www.tu.edu.iq

4
2
ri = 13

32
26
Y..

3
4

7 , 7 , 8 , 10
14 , 12 , --- , ---

= 160

:
2

)(Y..
)(160
CF = -------- = ---------- = 1969.6
ri
13
((( :)SSt )).
2
2
Yi.
(67) (35)2 (32)2 (26)2
SSt = ------ - CF = ----- + ------ + ----- + ------ - 1969.6
ri
4
3
4
2
SSt = 153.81
(:)SST
2

SST = Yij CF
SST = 102 + ----------------------- + 122 1969.6
SST = 261.23
(:)SSe
SSe = SST SSt
SSe = 261.23 - 153.81
SSe = 107.41
:

(:)MSt

SSt
153.81 153.81
MSt = ----- = ------- = -------- = 51.27
t-1
4-1
3
(:)MSe
SSe
107.41
107.41
MSe = ------- = ---------- = ------------- = 11.93
ri-t
13-4
9
F :

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12

MSt
51.23
F = -------- = ------ = 4.30
MSe
11.93
:

.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value


f

51.27
F = -------11.9
F = 4.30

MSt = 51.27

SSt = 153.81

MSe = 11.93

SSe = 107.41

-------------

F (

Treat.
t-1= 4-1 = 3

Experimen ri-t = 13-4

tal Error.
=9

Total
ri-1 = 13-1 SST = 261.23
= 12
)Calculated ( )4.30 F

( )Tabulated F ( )3 ()9

F ()

F
( : )Non-significant

(.)P<0.05
: (
) F

()Yij

Yi.

www.tu.edu.iq

11

() ri
4
2
4
ri = 10

39
10
26
Y..

1
2
3

5 , 9 , 10 , 11
6 , 4 , -- , --9 , 10 , 3 , 4

= 75

.
-1 .
(:)Least Significant Difference LSD

.
:

-
2MSe
=
r
2 .

: MSe ( ).
:r () .

- t ( t ).
5 % .1 %

- LSD :
2MSe
LSD= ---------------- X t
r
- LSD
LSD .
:
( ).
www.tu.edu.iq

10

7.2
9.8
6.0
4.8
8.6

()Yi.
36
49
30
24
43

()Yij
6 , 8 , 7 , 3 , 10
9 , 8 , 11 , 11 10
7 , 5 , 5, 9 , 4
5 , 3, 4 , 6 , 6
8 , 6 , 9 , 9 , 11

1
2
3
4
5

(182 :)Y..

) .

S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value


f

19.86

** 6.90

2.88

----

79.44

57.60

20

137.04

24

www.tu.edu.iq

13

Treat.

Experimen
tal Error.

Total

( : )LSD
r=5

MSe = 2.88 ,

t t 2.08 :
2MSe
LSD= ---------------- X t
r
2 x 2.88
LSD= ---------------- X 2.08 = 2.239
5
LSD

t2 t3
9.8 6.0 = 3.8
3.8 2.239
:

= a 9.8

= b 6.0
( )7.2

( )6.0 ( )1.2 :
= a 7.2

= a 6.0

: (.)LSD
: ( )CRD
( ) .:
-1 " .
-2

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14

:
Yi.
Ri

18
4
6
2
30
4
Y.. = 54
ri = 10

yij

5,6,3,4
4 , 2 , -- , -9,6,7,8

T1
T2
T3

-0 ( )Duncan .
1955 Duncan

:
- .

MSe
Syi = ------------r
SSR ( ) .

LSR ( ).MSe
LSR = ------------- X SSR
r
LSR .

LSR

LSR
LSR

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15

.LSD

:
.LSD

MSe
2.88
Syi = ------------- = ----------- = 0.759
r
5

2
3
4
5
3.25

3.09

3.19

2.95
MSe
-----r

0.759

2.35
2.42
2.47
LSR SSR . 0.759
:
T3
T1
T5
6.0
7.2
8.6

2.6* 1.2NS
1.4

SSR

2.33

*3.8
*2.6

*5.0
*3.8

LSR

T2 : 9.8 2.47
T3 : 8.6 2.42

1.2NS

*2.4

T1 : 7.2 2.35

T4
4.8

LSR

T3 : 6.0 2.33 1.2NS

( )9.3 ( )4.8 ( )5.0
LSR ( )2.47
*

a . b

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16

()Randomized Completely Block Design RCBD

( )RCBD
(
www.tu.edu.iq

17

) (

)
. ( )CRD

( )
.

.)Mathematical Model ( :
Yij = + Ti + Pj + eij
:
:Yij j .i

: .
:Pj . i
: . j

: eij . 2e
.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value


f

MSt
F = -------MSe

Y.j 2
SSr = ------ - CF
t
Yi. 2
SSt = ------ - CF
r

SSr
MSr = ----r-1
SSt
MSt = ----t-1
SSe
SSe =SST SSr- SSt MSe = ----)t(r-1
-------------

SST = Yij2 CF

r-1

t-1

Treat.

)Experimental (r-1)(t-1
Error.

Total
tr-1

www.tu.edu.iq

18

Block

:t .
:r () .

CF
( )t () (.)r

(Y..)2
CF = -------tr
:
( )

( ) :

()Yi.
212
228
236
252
Y.. = 928

()r4
51
57
57
50
224

( )r3 ()r2
52
47
54
50
53
57
65
54
224
208

()r1
62
69
69
74
272

()Ti
1
2
3
4
Y.j

(Y..)2
(928)2
CF = -------- = ---------- = 53824
tr
4X4
Y.j 2
SSr = ------ - CF
www.tu.edu.iq

19

t
(272)2 + ------------------ + (224)2
SSr = ----------------------------------------- - 53824
4
SSr = 576
Yi. 2
SSt = ------ - CF
r
(212)2 + ------------------ + (252)2
SSt = ----------------------------------------- - 53824
4
SSt = 208
SST = Yij2 CF = (62)2 + ------------- + (59)2 CF
SST = 884
SSe = SST SSr- SSt
SSe = 884 576 208
SSe = 70
SSr
576
MSr = ----- = ---------- = 192
r-1
3
SSt
208
MSt = ----- = ---------- = 69.33
t-1
3
SSe
70
MSe = ----- = --------- = 7.78
)t(r-1
9
.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value


f

r-1 = 4-1 576

192

www.tu.edu.iq

02

Block

MSt
F = -------MSe
69.33
F = ------7.78
**F = 8.91

= 3
Treat.
t-1 = 4-1 208
= 3
Experimental (r-1)(t-1) 70
Error.
)(4-1)(4-1
= 9
Total
tr-1
884
4 x 4 1
= 15

69.33
7.78

-------------

F ( )8.91 F

( )3 ( )9 F
( )0.05 ( )0.01 ( )

: F

: :
Yij = + Ti + Pj + eij
:
( )RCBD (.)CRD
( )RCBD

(.)CRD

:
(r-1) MSr + r (t-1) MSe
R.E. % = ----------------------------------- X 100
(rt-1) MSe
.
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01

:
( )RCBD
() .

( ( )RCBD (.)CRD
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value

f

5.36

21.46

44.83

134.45

2.19

26.26

--------

182.17

Block

**F = 20.46

Treat.

Experimental 12
Error.

Total
19

(r-1) MSr + r (t-1) MSe

R.E. % = ----------------------------------- X 100
(rt-1) MSe
(5-1) 5.36 + 5 (4-1) 2.19
R.E. % = ----------------------------------- X 100
(5 X 4-1) 2.19
R.E. % = 130 %
( )RCBD
( )CRD 30 % 130

( )CRD 100 ( )RCBD

( )CRD .

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00

.
MS
F

60

SS

d.f.

SOV

----------

Block

--------2.66

10
----------

------12

Treat.
Exp. Error

--------

Total

---------

)(Latin Square Design
()Rows

( )Columns

RCBD

. CDR ( ) RCBD

. CDR

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03

( )t = r = c t r c
. 3 x 3 4 x 4 5 x 5.

.)Mathematical Model ( :
)Yij(k) = + i + + i + Ti + eij(k
:
) :Yij(k .

: .
:i . i
:i . j

:Ti . k

) :eij(k 2e

.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F. Value

F

Yi. 2
SSr
SSr = ------ - CF MSr = -----r
r-1
2
Y.j
SSc
SSc = ------ - MSc = ----MSt
CF
r-1
F = -------r
2
MSe
Y.k
SSt
SSt = ------ - CF MSt = ----r
r-1
SSe

r-1

Rows

Columns
r-1

r-1

Treat.

Experimental (r-1)(r-

www.tu.edu.iq

04

SSe = SST MSe = ----SSr

(r-1)(r)- SSc - 2
SSt
SST = Yij2 ------------CF

Error.
)2

r2-1

Total

:
:t .
:r .

:c .

CF
.

:
(Y..)2
CF = -------r2
: ( 4 x
)4 .

Yi.

12
16
16
19
Y.. = 63

C4

C2

C3

C1

t4
t1
t2
t3

1
6
5
4
16

t3
t4
t1
t2

4
3
5
3
15

t2
t3
t4
t1

3
2
2
6
13

t1
t2
t3
t4

4
5
4
6
19

R1
R2
R3
R4
Y.j

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05

= =

. r = 4

:
t1 = 4 + 6 + 5 + 6 = 21
t2= 3 + 5 + 5 + 3 = 16
t3= 4 + 2 + 4 + 4 = 14
t4= 1+ 3 + 2 + 6 = 12

(Y..)2
(63)2
CF = -------- = ----------- = 240.06
r2
42
Yi. 2
SSr = ------ - CF
r
(12)2 + ----------+ (19)2
SSr = ----------------------------- - 240.06
4
SSr = 6.19
Y.j 2
SSc = ------ - CF
r
(19)2 + ----------+ (16)2
SSc = ----------------------------- - 240.06
4
SSc = 4.69
Yk. 2
SSt = ------ - CF
r
(21)2 + ----------+ (12)2
SSt = ----------------------------- - 240.06
www.tu.edu.iq

06

4
SSt = 11.19
SST = Yij2 CF
SST = (4)2 + ----------------------------- + (4)2 - 240.06
SST = 32.94
SSe = SST SSr - SSc SSt
SSe = 32.94 6.19 4.69 - 11.19
SSe = 10.87

.)Anova Table (:
M.S.
F. Value
f

MSt
F = -------MSe
3.73

S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.

MSr = 2.06

r-1= 3
SSr = 6.19

MSc = 1.56

SSc = 4.69

r-1 = 3

MSt = 3.73

SSt = 11.19

r-1 = 3

MSe = 1.81

(r-1)(r-2) SSe = 10.87

)(4-1)(4-2
=6

www.tu.edu.iq

07

Rows

Columns

Treat.

Experiment
al Error.

F = -------1.81

Total
r2-1
SST = 32.94
2
4 -1 = 15

-------------

F = 2.06 NS

:NS (.)Non-significant

F ( )2.06

( )3 ( )6 .F

: F

()CRD
(.)RCBD

-1 .CRD
:

MSr + MSc + (r-1) MSe

R.E. % = ------------------------------ X 100
(r +1) MSe
: R.E.
:
.
F

0.98

MS
3400

SS
13601

d.f.
4

SOV
Rows

1536

6144

Colum.

1039
1056

4156
12668

4
12

Treat.
Error

36569

24

Total

:
MSr + MSc + (r-1) MSe
R.E. % = ------------------------------ X 100
www.tu.edu.iq

08

(r +1) MSe
3400 + 1536 + (5 -1) 1056
R.E. % = ---------------------------------- X 100
(5 +1) 1056
R.E. % = 145 %
-2 .RCBD

:MSc + (r-1) MSe

R.E. % = ------------------------------ X 100
)r (MSe
1536 + (5-1) 1056
R.E. % = ------------------------------ X 100
)5 (1056
R.E. % = 109 %
- :

MSr + (r-1) MSe

R.E. % = ------------------------------ X 100
)r (MSe
3400 + (5-1) 1056
R.E. % = ------------------------------ X 100
)5 (1056
R.E. % = 143 %

Factorial Experiment.
www.tu.edu.iq

09

( CRD RCBD )LS

(

( ) (
)

(. )3 X 4

: (.)CRD
.
Yijk = + Ai + + Bj + AB(ij) + eijk
:

: Ai .

: Bj .

: ABij .
.

.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F

MSA
FA = -------MSe
MSB
FB = -------MSe
MSAB
FAB= -------MSe

MSA

SSA

a-1

MSB

SSB

b-1

MSAB

SSAB

A

B

www.tu.edu.iq

32

AB
)(a-1)(b-1

-------------

MSe

SSe

-------------

SST

)Experiment ab(r-1
al Error.

Total
abr-1

a a

b b
r

F
:
(Y)2
CF = ---------abr
Yi.2
A = ---------br
SSA = A - CF
Y.j2
B = ---------ar
SSB = B - CF
Yij.2
AB = ---------r
SSAB = AB - A - B + CF
RAB = Yijk2

www.tu.edu.iq

31

SST = RAB CF
SSe = RAB AB

.
: A br
B ar
AB r

SSAB
: (
(
:
Yij.

(B
(Yijk
b1
5 , 4 , 6
b2
3 , 4 , 4
b1
2 , 3 , 2
b2
3 , 3 , 4

(A

15
11
a2
7
10

43 = Y
(r 3
A B
.

Yi..
a
26
17

Y = 43

b2

b1

11
10
21

15
7
22

a1

B
A
a1
a2
Y.j.
b
(Y)2
CF = ---------abr

www.tu.edu.iq

30

(43)2
CF = ---------- = 154.08
2x2x3
Yi.2
A = ---------br
(26)2 + (17)2
A = ------------------ = 160.8
2x3
SSA = A CF = 160.8 154.08 = 6.75
Y.j2
B = ---------ar
(22)2 + (21)2
B = ------------------ = 155
2x3
SSB = B CF = 155 154.08 = 0.083
Yij.2
AB = ---------r
(15)2 + ---- + (10)2
AB = ------------------------ = 165
3
SSAB = AB - A - B + CF
SSAB = 165 160.8 155 + 154.8
SSAB = 4.08
RAB = Yijk2 = (5)2 + ------- + (4)2
RAB = 169
SST = RAB CF = 14.91
SSe = RAB AB = 169 165 = 4

www.tu.edu.iq

33

:
S.S.
M.S.
F

SSA = 6.75
MSA = 6.75
MSA
**FA = -------= 13.5
MSe
SSB = 0.083 MSB = 0.083
MSB
FB = -------- = 0.17ns
MSe
SSAB = 4.08 MSAB = 4.08
MSAB
**FAB= -------- = 8.7
MSe
SSe = 4
MSe = 0.50
--------------

S.O.V.

d.f .

a-1 = 1

b-1 = 1

)(a-1)(b-1
)(2-1)(2-1
=1
)ab(r-1
)2 x 2 (3-1
=8

AB

Experim
ental
Error.

abr-1
SST = 14.91
------------------------2x2x31
= 11
F
(P<0.01
.
:
(.)RCBD

Yijkl = + Ai + Bj + AB(ij) + Pk + eijkl

:
: Ai .

: Bj .

: ABij .
www.tu.edu.iq

34

Total

:Pk . k

.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F



--------------

MSr

SSr

MSA
FA = -------MSe
MSB
FB = -------MSe
MSAB
FAB= -------MSe

MSA

SSA

MSB

SSB

MSAB

SSAB

Block
r-1

A
a-1

B

b-1

www.tu.edu.iq

35

AB
)(a-1)(b-1

-------------

MSe

SSe

-------------

-------------

SST

)Experiment (ab-1)(r-1
al Error.

Total
abr-1

a . a

b . b
r ().
. F

:
(Y)2
CF = ---------abr
Y.k.2
R = -----------ab
SSr = R - CF
Yi..2
A = -----------br
SSA = A - CF
Y.j2
B = ---------ar
SSB = B - CF
Yijk.2
www.tu.edu.iq

36

AB = ---------r
SSAB = AB - A - B + CF
RAB = Yijk2
SST = RAB CF
SSe = RAB R AB + CF

.
: A br
B ar
R ab
AB r

SSAB . SSe
: A 2 (% 5
( .
A
.

r=2 b=3 a=2
A B
.

Yi..
a
372
370

Y = 742

b3

b2

b1

102
100
202

125
120
245

145
150
295

B
A
a1
a2
Y.j.
b

www.tu.edu.iq

37

(Y)2
(742)2
CF = ---------- = -------------- = 45880.33
abr
2x3x2
Y.k.2
(375)2 + (367)2
R = ------------ = -------------------------ab
2x3
SSr = R CF = 5.33
Yi..2
(372)2 + (370)2
A = ------------ = --------------------br
3x2
SSA = A CF = 0.333
Y.j2
(295)2 + (245)2 + (202)2
B = ---------- = ---------------------------------ar
2x2
SSB = B CF = 915.41

Yijk.2
(145)2 + ------------- + (100)2
AB = ---------- = ----------------------------------------r
2
SSAB = AB - A - B + CF = 12.08
RAB = Yijk2 = (70)2 + ----------------- + (50)2 = 47053.99
SST = RAB CF = 1173.66
SSe = RAB R AB + CF = 240.50
.)Anova Table (:
S.O.V.
d.f .
S.S.
M.S.
F




--------------

SSr = 5.33

MSr = 5.33

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38

Block
r-1 = 1

MSA
FA = -------- = 0.01ns
MSe
MSB
*FB = -------- = 9.52
MSe
MSAB
FAB= -------- = 0.93ns
MSe
-------------

-------------

MSA = 0.333

SSA = 0.333

A
a-1 = 1

MSB = 457.70

SSB = 915.41

B
b-1 = 2

SSAB = 12.08 MSAB = 6.04

AB
)(a-1)(b-1
) (2-1)(3-1
=2

)Experimen (ab-1)(r-1
tal Error.
)(2 x 3)(2-1
= 6

SSe = 240.50

MSe = 48.10

Total
Abr-1
SST= 1173.66 ------------ 2 x 3 x 2 1
= 11

: (.)CRD
Yijkl = + Ai + Bj + Ck + AB(ij) + AC(ik) + BC(jk) + ABC(ijk) +
eijkl
:
SOV
Df
SS
A
a-1
SSA = A CF
B
b-1
SSB = B CF
C
c-1
SSC = C CF
AB
)(a-1)(b-1
SSAB = AB A B + CF
AC
)(a-1)(c-1
SSAC = AC A C + CF
BC
)(b-1)(c-1
SSBC = BC B C + CF
ABC
)(a-1)(b-1)(c-1
SSABC = ABC AB AC BC
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39

+ A + B +C CF
SSe = RABC ABC
SST = RABC CF

Error
)abc(r-1
Total
abcr-1
RABC = Yijkl2

MS ( SS
.

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42