Preview Hindimasterjee - Basic Grammar Handbook

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HINDIMASTERJEE.COM
(Hindi Vyakaran)
BASIC HINDI GRAMMAR HANDBOOK BY HINDIMATERJEE.COM

Copyright Reserved Cherishma Consulting
email:hindifoundation@gmail.com for more info on Hindimasterjee.com
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PREFACE
This is a work of art dedicated to all the who are struggling to find right resources to ease
learning Hindi grammar just enough to be able to write and speak correctly without getting lost
in definitions . Surprised to see a Grammar book referred as Art , yes it is an art to present
the right content in a user friendly manner which should leave a footstep in the memory of the
reader. I hope I have accomplished this in this handbook.
This book would be incomplete without the mention of all the selfless individuals who have
helped me at every step towards setting up Hindi Learning Foundation and providing all the
necessary content and review. The first and foremost is Mr.Suresh Seetaraman who has
dedicated 30 years in learning and teaching Hindi language even to foreigners and gladly
guided me to compile this book.The next person is Mr.Ramachandran Menon who showed
me the path to Be the change I want to bring rather than sit and wait for someone to do and
motivated me to take responsibilty and help in putting together the right resources .
Today here I am presenting this first of its kind user focussed Hindi Grammar book .
Hindi Foundation is a Self Funded project of Cherishma Consulting, helping Hindi learners to
read ,write and communicate effectively in Hindi and partners NGO's working in Skills
development of youths who want to impove their computer knowledge and Communication
skills. We want to build an inclusive community where each member feels a sense of
achievement and contributes towards Hindi language development.
Mamta Singh

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Hindi an Introduction
Hindi the national language of India is an Indo-Aryan language with over 500 million speakers. It is
one of the official languages of India and is the main language used in the northern states of
Rajasthan, Delhi, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Himachal
Pradesh, Jharkhand and Bihar, and is spoken in much of north and central India alongside other
languages such as Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi or Bengali. In other parts of India, as well as in Nepal,
Bangladesh and Pakistan, Hindi is understood. In Fiji people of Indian origin speak Hindi, and in some
areas the Fijian people also speak it.
Hindi is a phonetic language. Hindi words are pronounced exactly as they are written. You don't have
to memorise the correct spelling of a word. All consonants have an 'a' sound inherent in them. To write
the English word 'come' in Devanagari script all you do is assemble the two consonants (Ka) and
(Ma) by keeping them together and joining them with the horizontal head stroke as shown below
(Kam)
Similarly to write the Hindi word 'kamal' (lotus) you will simply add (La) to the end of the
above word and join all three letters together with the horizontal line:
(Kamal)

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1.

1(a)
(52)
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2 3
( swar ) vowels
pa
pai
pa
pi
au
ai
;
po
pau
ee
pee
2
ag
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a
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pe

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2. vyanjana ( Vyanjan ) Consonants

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vyanjana ( Vyanjan ) Consonants
ka
kha
ga
gha
ca
cha
ja
jha
ha
ha
ta
tha
da
dha
na
pa
pha
ba
bha
ma
ya
ra
la
va
sa
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ha
Additional consonants (used in words of Persian,

Arabic and English Origin)

qa
za
zha
fa
rha

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Common conjunct consonants
ksa
tta
Aum
ja
ttka
dva
dya
dda
dma
hma
hya
ra
Shru
g
tra
Tru
e
hha
rpa
pra
ra
Surp
Pray
Tram
Counting Numerals
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Language
Script
Grammar

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(vakya vichar)
SYNTAX

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4. Syntax
Hindi uses a different word order than English. The main differences are that verbs are
placed at the end of the sentence (like in German) and that Hindi (like other Indian
languages) uses postpositions instead of prepositions.
Postpositions are like prepositions except that they are written after the noun.
Example:
Normal sentences
English: Subject Verb Object
Hindi: Subject Object Verb
= I learn Hindi
= I Hindi learn
Imperative sentences
English: Verb Place Adverb = Come here now
Hindi: Place Adverb Verb =Here now come
Questions
English: Adverb Auxillary Verb Subject Verb =What are you drawing?
Hindi: Subject Adverb Verb = You what draw?
4 (a) Word Order

The basic word order in Hindi is Subject - Object - Verb (S-O-V) .However, since Hindi
uses more inflections and cases than English, word order is somewhat less important in
Hindi. Lets consider the sentence, I am Pankaj. This English word order is S-V-O. For
Hindi we will change it to S-O-V.
Subject - Object - Verb (S-O-V)
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4 (b) Articles
In Hindi, articles (a, an, the) aren't used. Sometimes the word for the number one is
used for an indefinite article. For example, instead of saying, Give me a pen, you would
say, Give me one pen. It is also fine just to say, Give me pen.
Vocabulary
8 m.
dog
book
, :-zl8.tmp f.
people
Note: The "m." and "f." in the table above denote the gender of a noun. Every noun is
either masculine or feminine. It is very important to learn the gender when learning
Hindi nouns. More on gender in Lesson
Examples
He (far) is Raj.
She (near) is Neetu.

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I am Amit.
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You (formal) are Deepak.
You (less formal) are Ravi.

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You (informal) are Mohit

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We are people.

That is a dog.
This is a book.
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4 (c) Verbs (KRIYA)

Hindi verbs are inflected with respect to
gender of the subject (masculine, feminine),
number of the subject (singular, plural),
tense (present, past, future),
action (perfect, imperfect, continuous),
degree of respect (intimate, familiar, respect).
Verbs are referred to in their infinitive noun form which ends in na.
Examples:
bolna to speak
likhna to write
lena to take
ana to come
The stem of a verb is the infinitive form without the na ending.
Examples:
bol , likh, le , a

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4 (d) Nouns (SANGYA)

Gender (Ling ) / Number (Vachan)
Hindi has two genders, masculine (nouns ending in a) and feminine
(nouns ending in I ) but there are exceptions.
As for the number, we distinguish between singular (Ekvachan) and plural (Bahuvachan)
Case
There are two cases in Hindi, direct and indirect.
The indirect case is used when the noun is followed by a post-position, otherwise the
direct case is used.
Examples:
Masculine nouns on -a: larka = boy
Singular larka (direct) larke (indirect)
Plural larke(direct) larkon (indirect)
Feminine nouns on -i: larki = girl
Singular larki (direct) larki (indirect)
Plural larkiyan (direct) larkiyon (indirect)

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(Karak)
Postposition

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4 (e) (Karak) /Postposition

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Explanation Of Karak with example
The Cases are indicated by the addition of suffixes, (vibhakti-separation) or post
positions, & prefixes. Only for vocative case, the case endings are used as
(upsarg) prefix. For all other cases, the case endings are
(pratyaya) -suffix
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|( Hari jaataa hai. )
Hari goes.
2. ( ) karma (ko) = Accusative (object) i.e. action/deed which is done.
(Hari ghar ko jaataa hai. ) Hari goes to the house.

3. (, ) karan (se, ke dwaara) instrumental (by, with) - producing or causing
(Hari car se ghar ko jaata hai.) Hari goes to the house by car.
4. :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_OWN~ $ ( , :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ ) sampradaan (ko, ke liye) = Dative (for) ie. to whom /for whom
given
{ $ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_
( Hari car se ghar ko khaaney ke liye jaata hai.)Hari goes to the house by car for food.
5.
{
$ ()
apaadaan (se) = Ablative (from)= taking from (separation/detachment)
$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_
( Hari kaaryaalay sey
car se ghar ko khaaney ke liye jaata hai.)
Hari goes to the house by car for food from the office.
6. :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_OWN~ ( ,,S) sambandh (kaa,kay,kee)= Genitive (of)- bound up with/related.
The Genitive Case signifies any relation or connection which may exist between two or
more persons or things.
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His pen, his car, his clothes, his cars.
$, S , , S
{
S $ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_
( Hari kaaryaalay sey uskee car se ghar ko khaaney ke liye jaata hai.)
Hari goes to the house by his car for food from the office.
7. :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ (, , ) adhikaran (mein, par, pe) =Locative (in, on)It has reference to place, time, and logical sequence.=
8 , :-zl8.tmp
{
|
S
8 , :-zl8.tmp
|( Hari
kaaryaalay sey uskee car se ghar ko khaaney keliye jaata hai aur kursee par baithata
hai .)
Hari goes to the house by his car for food from the office and sits on the chair.
8. :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_OWN~ $ sambodhan = Vocative (Oh)The Vocative is the Case used when a person or persons are directly addressed.
{
(8 , :-zl8.tmp )
S $ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_
8 , :-zl8.tmp
2 2 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ , :-zl8.tmp , :-zl8.tmp
, :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/$ |
( Hari kaaryaalay sey uskee car se ghar ko khaaney keliye jaata hai aur kursee par
baithata hai evam sambondhit karta(pukaarta hai.) oh, jagan idhar aao. .)
Hari go to the house by his car for food from the office and sits on the chair and
addresses (calls out), oh Jagan, come here.

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Simple Practice:
Some examples for you to work on above lines.
Example.
$ $
, :-zl8.tmp$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_$ S :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/
(Mainey Mohan ko haath se khaaney key liye bartan se nikaalkar Mahesh kee rotee mez par
dee.)
On taking out from the utensil, I gave Mahesh bread on the table to Mohan to eat with hand.
, :-zl8.tmp
7 , :-zl8.tmp
9:
, :-zl8.tmp7
, :-zl8.tmp7 9: | 7 , :-zl8.tmp V , :-zl8.tmp
$7 S , :-zl8.tmp , :-zl8.tmp7 9: | : S
9: |
|
7 , :-zl8.tmp7 9: |

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(Kaal)
Tenses

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(Kaal)/Tenses
5(a) , :-zl8.tmp $ 227 99 , :-zl8.tmp

( Vartmaan kaal sambandhee khoobsoorat vaakya)
Present tense related sentences
1. ( we) 8
( morning ) ( since/from ) 2 , :-zl8.tmp (waiting )
since the morning.
| We have been waiting
(Ham subah se injtejaar kar rahey hain.)

2.
( train ) , :-zl8.tmp :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ ( fast) , :-zl8.tmp7
This train runs/moves fast.
( Yah railgaadee taj chaltee hain.)

3. , :-zl8.tmp8 $ ( upset) $ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ ( seem ) , :-zl8.tmp
| You seem to be upset.
(Tum pareshaan nazar aatey ho.)

4 , ,,, ( people)
| They are nice people.
(Vey acchhey loag hain.)

5. :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_$ , :-zl8.tmp ( fast ) $
, :-zl8.tmp
| Saturday is the day of my fast.
Shaniwaar mera vera vrat ka din hota hai.)

6.8 ( fight ) ( nothing to do ) $ 2
I have nothing to do with the fight.
(Mujhey ladaayee se koyee sarokaar nahin hai.

7. :( snake) ( bite ) $7 ( water ) 7 $ 2 : ( ask ) , :-zl8.tmp ( able )
bitten by this snake is not even able to ask for water.
IThe person

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(Is saanp kaa kaataa paanee bhee nahin maang paataa. hai .)
8
, :-zl8.tmp8 ( you ) ( me ) ( with ) ( coming )
? Are you coming with me?
(Kya tum merey saath aa rahey ho?)

9 8 , :-zl8.tmp2 ( pistol) ( afraid ) , :-zl8.tmp
(Mujhey tamanchey se dar lagataa hai.)

I am afraid of pistol.
10.
8 $ ( shops ) , :-zl8.tmp :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ 2 ( closed ) , :-zl8.tmp7 |
(Dukaaney raat key das bajey band hotee hain.)
The shops are closed at ten oclock at night.
Vocabulary 7 (Shabdawalee)
, :-zl8.tmp (Vrat) fast
(sarokaar) nothing to do.
, :-zl8.tmp2 ( tamanchey ) pistol
8 $ ( shops )
Quiz?
8 ___ __ , :-zl8.tmp
Fill in the blank.
What do you mean by in Hindi?
Correct this sentence. : $7 , :-zl8.tmp 7 $ 2 :
Various meaning of in Hindi |

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5(b)9 , :-zl8.tmp 227

( Bhoot kaal sambandhee vaakya)
Past tense related sentences
1.8 , :-zl8.tmp ( came to know )
: , :-zl8.tmp7 (lives) 7| I came to know that she used to live
here.
( Mujhey pata chala ki vah yahan rahtee thee.)
2.7$9 $7 7 7( drank) | Meenu drank up water.
(Meenu paanee pee gayee.)
3.8 , :-zl8.tmp8 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_OWN~ (gift )
| I liked your gift.
(Mujhey tumhaaraa uphaar pasand aaya.)

4.$ ( before ) , :-zl8.tmp S 7 | I had spoken to her before.
(Mainey usasey pahley se baat kee thee.)
5.$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ $ 9 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ , :-zl8.tmp ( talk ) S| Anamika spoke to Pooja.
(Anamika ney Pooja se baat kee.)
6.
( thrown ) | The ball was thrown.
(Gend fenka gaya .)

7. $ His stuff/article was missing
(Uska saamaan gayab tha.)

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8.$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/9 , :-zl8.tmp :
| He bought the sarees and
the shoes.
(Usney jootey aur sadiyaan kharedey .)

9. 9 $ $7 | ( drank) Ramu drank the water.
(Raamu ney paanee piya)
10. $ $ 8 2 |Dinesh had scolded me.
(Dinesh ney mujhko daantaa tha)
11
$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/9 , :-zl8.tmp ( shoes )
:-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ ( socks )
? Did you buy shoes or socks?
(Kya aapney jootey ya mozey khareedey?)

12.$ ( ball ) | He threw the ball.
(Usney gend fenkaa.)
13.
9 $ ( store) :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ ( met ) | I met him in the store.
(Main usko dookan mein mila.)
7 (Shabdawalee) :Vocabulary
, :-zl8.tmp ( pata chala) -came to know
7 7 ( pee gayee) - drank
(uphaar) -gift
(pahley ) - before
, :-zl8.tmp ( baat) - talk
( gend) -ball

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(fenkaa)- threw
9 $ ( dookaan)- store
Quiz?
1. Make this into two separate sentences. 8 , :-zl8.tmp ( came to know )
: , :-zl8.tmp7 (lives) 7|
2. Synonym for & $ in Hindi?

3. Singular for :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/9 , :-zl8.tmp & :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ in Hindi?
4. Please answer to this question?
$


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BASIC HINDI GRAMMAR HANDBOOK BY HINDIMATERJEE.COM

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, :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_OWN~$

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2. vyanjana ( Vyanjan ) Consonants

: :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_7 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ , :-zl8.tmp7

$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ 2 < , :-zl8.tmp , U,V7 ,$ 7, :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_7

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vyanjana ( Vyanjan ) Consonants

Additional consonants (used in words of Persian,

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Common conjunct consonants

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:-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ ( :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ , :-zl8.tmp )ie. Written

:-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ , :-zl8.tmp :- :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ , :-zl8.tmp :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_

8 , :-zl8.tmp 7 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_7 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ , :-zl8.tmp7

:-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ , :-zl8.tmp :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_$

{ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_$| , :-zl8.tmp 2 $ , :-zl8.tmp

:-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ -2 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/7,7, :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ $7,7$7,7,

:-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ -2 ,8 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ , :-zl8.tmp7, U,

, , :-zl8.tmp :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_, , :-zl8.tmp8

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:-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_ , V

$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_7 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ , :-zl8.tmp7

:-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/DOCUME~1/HP_$ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ $ :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ , :-zl8.tmp

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4 (a) Word Order

2 :-zl8.tmpFfile:///C:/ 9: - I Pankaj am.

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She (near) is Neetu.

You (less formal) are Ravi.

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You (informal) are Mohit

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