Transformers:

Basics, Maintenance, and Diagnostics

Figure 14 Polarity Illustrated.

in figure 14. A transformer is said to have additive polarity if,

when adjacent high- and low-voltage terminals are connected and a
voltmeter placed across the other high- and low-voltage terminals,
the voltmeter reads the sum (additive) of the high- and low-voltage
windings. It is subtractive polarity if the voltmeter reads the difference
(subtractive) between the voltages of the two windings. If this test is
conducted, use the lowest AC voltage available to reduce potential
hazards. An adjustable ac voltage source, such as a variac,
is recommended to keep the test voltage low.
2.17 Single-Phase Transformer Connections for Typical
Service to Buildings
Figure 15 shows a typical arrangement of bringing leads out of a
single-phase distribution transformer. To provide flexibility for
connection, the secondary winding is arranged in two sections.
Each section has the same number of turns and, consequently, the
same voltage. Two primary leads (H 1, H2) are brought out from the
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