Chng 2.

Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

Chng 2
CC BUS TIU BIU CA H THNG MNG SIMATICNET
1. Tng quan chung v mng Simatic
Trong mng Simatic, a cc gii php cho mng truyn thng cng
nghip nh: Profibus, Ethernet, AS-i... nhm kt ni cc thit b trng vi
cc thit b cp iu khin , cc thit b cp iu khin gim st v cc
thit b cp qun l
Tu theo phng php tch hp m c th a ra cc la chn phn
cng cng nh phn mm tng ng.
Chng ny trnh by v cc giao thc chnh c dng trong Simatic,
phn thit b phn cng v phng php ghp ni c trnh by trong
chng 5
Hnh sau l cu trc phn tng in hnh trong Simatic-net

Ethernet
(Ethernet, IEEE 802.3)
Profibus
AS - i

Hnh 2.0. Phn tng cc mng in hnh trong Simatic -net

2. AS-i (Actuator Sensor Interface)

y l sn phm ca 11 hng sn xut sensor v c cu chp hnh ni
ting trn th gii nh: Siemens AG, Festo KG...y l h thng Bus
trng dng cho giao tip gia cc thit b cp hin trng vi cc thit b
trong cp iu khin. c tnh k thut chnh ca AS-i l:
- Truyn tn hiu cng ngun nui
- Cho php thc hin cu trc mng dng Bus cng nh hnh sao
- Cc thnh phn giao din mng c th thc hin vi gi thnh thp

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21

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

2.1. Kin trc giao thc

Giao thc trong AS-i phn hot ng ca cc b iu khin vi cc
thit b trng. nng cao hiu sut v n gin ho trong x l, ton b
vic x l giao thc c thc hin lp 1 trong m hnh OSI.
Phng php truy cp Bus l Master/Slave
2.2. Cu trc mng, cp truyn v c ch giao tip
Cu trc mng trong AS-i l dng Bus hoc hnh sao, c trng ca ASi l khng s dng tr u cui.
Chiu di tng cng ti a l 100m, tt nhin nu mun dng vi
khong cch ln hn phi s dng b lp. S lng trm ti a trong mt
mng l 31 tc c th qun l ti a l 124 S/A, tc truyn quy nh l
167kB/s
Trong sn phm ca Siemens module giao din AS-i Master trong S7300 l CP 342-2, module ny c th c ni vi cc Module th ng
ni vi cc A/S
C ch giao tip trong AS-i da trn cc yu cu v tr li. Trm ch c
th hi tun t cc trm t tr li hoc cng c th hi cc trm t theo
c ch nh a ch
2.3. Cu trc khung truyn
Mc ch ca nh dng khung truyn l gip bn nhn xc nh
c thi im bt u, kt thc mt bn tin cng nh gi km cc thng
tin v sa sai li
Khung truyn yu cu d liu t trm ch trong AS-i c chiu di l 14
bt cn khung tr li t cc trm t c chiu dai l 7 bt, minh ho trn hnh
sau:
Start

CB

A4

A3

A2

A1

A0

I4

I3

I2

I1

I0

Stop

Hnh 2.1. Cu trc khung yu cu d liu

STT K hiu
M t
1 Start
y l bt nh du s khi u ca khung truyn, n c
gi tr l 0
2 CB
L bit iu khin
3 A0 - A4 L cc bt dng xc nh a ch trm t
4 I0 - I4
Cc bt xc nh thng tin yu cu trm t
5 P
Bt kim tra chn l
6 Stop
y l bt nh du s kt thc ca khung truyn, n c
gi tr l 1
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22

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

Bng 2.0. ngha ca cc bt trong khung yu cu

Cu trc khung tr li t trm t trnh by trn hnh sau:
Start
S3
S2
S1
S0
P

Stop

Hnh 2.2. Cu trc khung tr li

ngha cc bt trong khung c trnh by trn hnh sau:
STT K hiu
M t
1
Start
y l bt nh du s khi u ca khung truyn, n c
gi tr l 0
2
S0 - S3
Thng tin tr li v trm ch
3
P
Bt kim tra chn l
4
Stop
y l bt nh du s kt thc ca khung truyn, n c
gi tr l 1
Bng 2.1. ngha ca cc bt trong khung tr li
3. Profibus (Process Field Bus)
L h thng Bus trng c pht trin ti c nm 1987 v thnh
chun EIC 61158 nm 2000.
Vi mc ch qung b cng nh h tr vic pht trin v ng dng
cc sn phm tng thch Profibus, mt t chc ngi s dng c
thnh lp mang tn Profibus International vi hn 1000 thnh vin.
Ngy nay Profibus l h thng Bus trng hng u th gii vi hn
20% th phn vi hn 5 triu thit b lp t trong khong 500.000 ng
dng. Profibus ang c coi l gii php chun, tin cy trong nhiu ng
dng c bit l trong cc ng dng c yu cu cao v tnh nng thi gian
thc.
H thng Bus ny c ng dng kt ni cc thit b trng vi cc
thit b iu khin gim st. y l h thng Bus nhiu ch (MultiCast) cho
php cc thit b vo/ra phn tn, cc thit b o thng minh, thit b iu
khin... ni vo cng mt ng Bus.
Cc trm ch (thng l cc PC, PLC) c quyn kim sot truyn
thng trn Bus, cc trm t (thng l cc Module vo/ra phn tn, cc thit
b o thng minh...) khng c php truy nhp Bus, m ch c xc nhn
hoc tr li cc yu cu t trm ch.
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23

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

Profibus gm 3 loi tng thch vi nhau: Profibus FMS, Profibus

DP v Profibus PA. Profibus FMS c dng ch yu trong vic
ni mng cc my tnh iu khin v cp iu khin gim st. Profibuss
DP c dng kt ni cc thit b trng vi cc my tnh iu khin,
cn Profibus PA c s dng trong cc lnh vc t ng ho cc qu
trnh c mi trng d chy n.
3.1. Cu trc giao thc Profibus
Profibus - FMS

Lp 7
Lp 3 6
Lp 2
Lp 1

Profibus - DP

Profibus- PA

Fieldbus Message Specification

Fieldbus Data Link (FDL)
RS-48S/ Cp quang
IEC 1158-2
Hnh 2.3 Kin trc giao thc Profibus

Profibus DP v PA ch thc hin lp 1 v 2 nhm ti u ho vic trao i

d liu qu trnh gia cp iu khin v cp chp hnh.
- Lp FMS (vi Profibus FMS) m t cc i tng truyn thng,
x l v cung cp cc dch v truyn thng.
- Lp lin kt d liu FDL c chc nng kim sot truy cp bus, cung
cp dch v c bn (cp thp) cho vic trao i d liu mt cch tin
cy.
- Lp vt l quy nh v k thut truyn dn tn hiu, mi trng
truyn dn, cu trc mng v cc giao din c hc. Vic s dng giao
din RS485 quyt nh cc c tnh truyn dn. Khong cch
truyn cc i l 1200m, nu s dng trm lp c th ln n 4800m
tt nhin n cn ph thuc vo tc truyn. Ni chung tc
truyn thng tring khong 9.6 500Kb/s v s lng trm ti a l
127, n s dng phng php m ho NRZ.
Quan h gia tc truyn v chiu di dy dn th hin trn bng sau:
Tc (Kb/s)
Chiu di (m)

9.6, 19.2, 45.45,

93.75
1200

187.5 500

1500

1000

200

400

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3000, 6000,
12000
100

24

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

3.2. Truy cp Bus v cc dch v truyn s liu.

Hai phng php truy nhp bus c th c p dng c lp hoc kt
hp l Token Passing v Master/ Slave.
Thi gian vng lp ti a 1 trm tch cc nhn li c Token c th
thay i bi cc tham s. Khong thi gian ny l c s cho vic tnh ton
chu k thi gian ca c h thng.

Controller

PC

M
Drive

PC

M
Sensor

Sensor Actuator

Drive

Controller

Transmiter Drive

Sensor

Hnh 2.4. Cu trc in hnh v h thng mng Profibus

+ Cc dch v truyn s liu thuc lp 2 trong m hnh OSI (FDL) bao
gm 4 dch v:
- SDN (Send Data with No Acknowledge)
- SDA (Send Data with Acknowledge)
- SRD (Send and Request Data with Reply)
- CSRD (Cyclic Send and Request Data with Reply)
Dch v SDN ch yu dng trong gi ng flot (broadcast) hoc gi
ti nhiu ch (multi cast).
Dch v SDA v SRD l nhng dch v trao i d liu yu cu c s
tr li. Do tnh cht khng tun hon ca 2 dch v ny, thc hin mi
cuc trao i d liu u phi c yu cu t lp trn xung lp 2, thi gian
x l giao thc tng nn xut hiu sut truyn thng gim. Nn 2 dch v
ny c ng dng trong truyn s liu bnh thng.
Dch v CSRD l dch v trao i d liu tun hon vi mc ch h tr
vic trao i d liu qu trnh cp chp hnh, gia cc thit b cm bin,
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25

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

c cu chp hnh v cc Module vo ra phn tn vi my tnh iu khin.

Nguyn tc hot ng ca n l: mt trm ch s hi tun t cc trm t v
yu cu v trao i d liu mt cch tun t. Do d liu trao i lun
lp 2, khin cho cc chng trnh ng dng trao i d liu c thc hin
hiu qu.
3.3. Cu trc khung truyn trong Profibus
C 3 loi khung c khong cch Hamming 4 v mt loi khung c
bit nh du Token c quy nh nh sau:
- Khung c chiu di thng tin c nh, khng mang d liu
SD1

DA

SA

FC

FCS

ED

- Khung c chiu di thng tin c nh, mang 8 byte d liu

SD3

DA

SA

FC

DU

FCS

ED

- Khung c chiu di thng tin khc nhau, mang 1 - 246 byte d liu
SD2

LE

LEr

SD2

DA

SA

FC

DU

FCS

ED

LE
- Token
SD4

DA

SA

DA, SA, FC v DU c coi l phn mang thng tin, mi c chiu di

8 bit (tr DU). ngha cc trng trong khung c ch ra trn bng sau:
K hiu
Tn
ngha
SD1...SD4
LE
LER
DA
SA
DU
FC
FCS
ED

Start Delimiter

Byte khi u phn bit cc loi khung:

SD1=10H, SD2=68H, SD3=A2H; SD4=DCH
Length
Chiu di d liu (4- 249 byte)
Length Repeated
Chiu di truyn li
Destination Address a ch trm nhn, t 0 127
Source Address
a ch trm gi, t 0 127
Data Unit
n v d liu
Frame Control
Kim tra khung
Frame Check
Kim sot li
Sequence
End Delimiter
Byte kt thc, ED=16H
Bng 2.2. ngha cc trng trong khung

Do nhng u im v tnh nng hiu qu v thi gian trao i d liu

m Profibus-DP s c trnh by chi tit.
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26

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

Profibus-DP v -FMS s dng phng thc truyn khng ng b, vic

ng b ho gia bn gi v bn nhn phi thc hin vi tng k t ... Mi
khung k t di 11 bt ( hnh 52).
MSB
Stop bit
Start bit LSB
0
a1
a2
...
a8
P
1
Data bit
Hnh 2.5. nh dng k t trong khung UART dng trong Profibus
3.4. Profibus-FMS
y l Bus h thng dng kt ni cc thit b cp iu khin gim
st vi nhau v vi cc thit b cp iu khin, do c im ca giao tip
gia cc cp ny m d liu c trao i ch yu vi tnh cht khng nh
k.
Thc cht ca lp ng dng bao gm 2 lp con l FMS v LLI (Lower
Layer Interface). Lp LLI c vai tr thch ng, chuyn cc dch v gia lp
FMS v lp FDL. Giao din gia lp FMS vi cc qu trnh ng dng c
thc hin bi lp ALI (Application Layer Interface).
FMS thc cht l mt tp con ca MMS (Munufacturing Message
Specification), y l mt chun giao thc v dch v thuc lp 7 ca m
hnh OSI c giao tip hng thng bo (Message-oriented communication)
c p dng rng ri trong cng nghip.
Giao tip hng i tng:
Profibus-FMS cho php thc hin giao tip hng i tng theo c
ch Client/Server. ngha ca giao tip hng i tng l quan im
thng nht trong giao tip d liu, khng ph thuc vo cc c im ca
nh sn xut thit b hay cc lnh vc ng dng c th.
Cc phn t c th truy cp c t mt trm trong mng, ai din cho
cc i tng thc hay cc bin qu trnh c gi l i tng. Vic truy
nhp vo i tng c th thc hin theo nhiu cch khc nhau, mt
phng php hiu qu l truy cp i tng thng qua tn hnh thc (nhn)
hay cn gi l cc Tag. Mi i tng c mt tn hnh thc phn bit thng
nht. Phng php ny th hin tnh trc quan, d theo di trong qu trnh
thc hin d n.
Thit b trng o (VFD - Virtual Field Device)
y l m hnh tru tng m t cc d liu, cu trc d liu v c
tnh ca mt thit b t ng ho di gc ca mt i tc giao tip. Mt
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27

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

i tng VFD cha tt c cc i tng giao tip v danh mc m t cc

i tng giao tip c th truy cp qua cc dch v. Mt i tng VFD
c sp xp tng ng vi ng mt qu trnh ng dng.
Mt thit b thc c th cha nhiu i tng VFD, trong a ch
ca mi i tng c xc nh qua cc im u cui giao tip.
Quan h giao tip
Ngoi hnh thc gi ng lot v gi ti nhiu ch, vic trao i thng
tin trong Profibus-FMS lun c thc hin gia hai i tc truyn thng
di hnh thc c ni theo c ch Client/Server. Mt Client c hiu l
mt chng trnh ng dng gi yu cu truy nhp i tng. Cn Server
chnh l mt chng trnh cung cp cc dch v truyn thng thng qua cc
i tng. V nguyn tc chng trnh ng dng c th ng vai tr ca c
Client v Server.
3.5. Profibus-DP
c pht trin nhm p ng cc yu cu v trao i d liu gia cc
thit b cp trng vi cc thit b cp iu khin.
Vic trao i d liu ch yu thc hin theo c ch Master/ Slave,
ngoi ra Profibus DP cn h tr cc dch v truyn thng khng tun
hon, phc v tham s ho, vn hnh v chun on cc thit b trng
thng minh.
Cc hm DP c s (trong User Interface Layer) ch yu phc v trao
i d liu tun hon, thi gian thc th cc hm DP m rng li cung cp
cc dch v truyn s liu khng tun hon nh tham s thit b, thng tin
chun on...
3.5.1. Cu hnh h thng v quy tc hot ng
S trm ti a trong mng l 126, DP cho php s dng cu hnh 1 trm
ch (Mono Master) hoc nhiu ch (Multi Master). Trong cu hnh nhiu
ch, cc trm ch c th cng c d liu t cc trm t, nhng ch c 1
trm ch duy nht c a yu cu ti cc trm t.
Chun DP quy nh cc quy tc hot ng nhm m bo tnh tng
thch v kh nng thay th ln nhau ca thit b. Chng c xc nh
thng qua trng thi hot ng ca cc thit b ch.
CLEAR: Trm ch ly thng tin t cc trm t v gi cc u ra v tr
an ton.

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Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

OPERATE: Trm ch ch trao i d liu u vo v u ra tun

hon vi cc trm t. ng thi trm ch cng thng xuyn gi thng tin
trng thi ca n ti cc trm t s dng lnh gi ng lot vi cc khong
thi gian t trc.
STOP: Khng truyn s liu s dng gia trm ch v trm t, ch
xhun on.
3.5.2. Trao i d liu
Vic trao i d liu gia trm ch v trm t c thc hin mt cch
tun t theo quy trnh nh sn. Khi t cu hnh cho h thng Profibus, ta
c th nh ngha a ch cc trm t cho 1 trm ch ....
Trong mi chu k, trm ch c cc thng tin u vo ln lt t cc
trm t vo b nh m v truyn cc yu cu t b nh ny ra cc trm t
theo trnh t nh sn. Mi trm t ch cho php truyn/ nhn ti a 246
byte d liu.
Vi cc trm t, trm ch gi 1 yu cu v ch s tr li. Thi gian
trm ch cn x l 1 lt danh sch hi tun t gi l thi gian chu k
bus. Thi gian chu k bus phi nh hn chu k qut ca chu trnh iu
khin.
3.5.3. ng b ho d liu
Mt thit b ch c th ng b ho vic c cc u vo cng nh t
cc u ra bng vic gi ng thi cc thng bo ng b. Lnh iu khin
t ch ng b cho mt nhm trm t nh sau:
+ SYNC: a ra nhm trm t v ch ng b ho u ra. Trong
ch ny, u ra ca cc trm t c gi nguyn trng thi hin ti cho
n lnh SYNC tip theo, trongthi gian d liu u ra c lu trong
vng nh m ca trm t v ch khi nhn c lnh SYNC tip theo n
mi c a ra.
+ FREEZE: a 1 nhm cc trm t v ch ng b ho u vo,
ch ny cc trm t trong nhm c ch nh khng c php cp nht
vng nh m d liu u vo cho ti khi nhn c lnh FREEZE tip
theo, trong thi gian trm ch vn c gi tr u vo t cc trm t.
3.5.4. Chun on h thng
Cc hm chun on ca DP cho php nh v li 1 cch nhanh chng,
cc thng tin ny s c cp nht trm ch thng qua h thng bus
truyn. Cc thng bo c chia lm 3 lp.
Chun on trm: Thng bo lin quan n trng thi hot ng chung
ca trm.
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Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

Chun on Module: Thng bo ch th li nm khu vc no trn

Module.
Chun on knh: Nguyn nhn ca li thuc knh vo/ ra no ca h
thng.
3. 6. Profibus-PA (Process Automation)
y l loi Bus trng thch hp cho cc h thng iu khin dng
trong cc ngnh cng nghip d chy n. Thc cht n l h thng Bus m
rng ca Profibus-DP vi k thut truyn dn tn hiu cng ngun nui
(IEC 1158-2) ng thi cng a thm ra mt s quy nh c bit v thng
s v c tnh cho thit b trng.
Cc yu cu c th t ra cho mt giao din Profibus-PA an ton ring
bao gm:
- Mt on mng ch c php c mt ngun nui tch cc.
- Mi trm tiu th mt dng c s c nh (10mA) trng thi xc
lp.
- Mi trm c coi nh mt ti tiu th dng th ng
- Mi trm khi pht tn hiu i khng c np thm ngun vo
ng Bus.
4. Ethernet (IEEE 802.3)
y l mt trong nhng chun ca mng cc b, da trn mng
Ethernet do Digital v Xorox hp tc v pht trin t nm 1980 (lc u gi
l DIX Ethenet 2.0 version 1.0 v n nm 1982 l version 2.0).
Ngy nay Ethernet ang ng vai tr quan trng trong cc h thng
thng tin cng nghip, bn cnh vic s dng cp i dy xon, cp ng
trc, cp quang l Ethernet khng dy
Thc cht Ethernet ch thc hin lp vt l v mt phn ca lp lin
kt d liu, do c th s dng cc giao thc khc nhau pha trn trong
TCP/IP l h giao thc c dng ph bin nht.
4.1. Cu trc mng v k thut truyn dn
Cu trc mng thng l dng Bus, mch vng khp kn v i khi l
hnh sao. Tng vt l ca Ethernet c chia lm 2 phn: Phn c lp vi
ng truyn c t giao din gia cc tng MAC v vt l (giao din ny
khng phi l yu cu bt buc ca chun nhng trong nhiu trng hp n
rt hu ch). Phn ph thuc ng truyn l bt buc phi c c t giao
din vi ng truyn, trong phn ny quy nh nhiu la chn khc nhau
cho kiu ng truyn, phng thc truyn v tc truyn.
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30

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

Hin nay c cc phng n sau cho tng vt l vi cch t tn quy c

theo b 3:
- Tc truyn tin hiu (1, 10 hoc 100Mb/s)
- BASE (nu l Baseband) hoc BROAD (nu l Broadband)
- Ch nh c trng ng truyn
Mt s loi cp thng dng c trnh by trn bng sau:
STT

K hiu

1BASE5

Tc
truyn
(Mb/s)
1

Di truyn
ti

10BASE5

10

Baseband

10BASE2

10

Baseband

10

Baseband

10BASE-F
10BASEFL(Fiber Link)
10BASEFB(Backbone)
10BASEFP(Passive)
10BROAD36

10

Broadband

10BASE-T

10

Baseband

100BASE-T

100

Baseband

Baseband

Loi cp

Khong cch
truyn (m)

Cp UTP

500/topo hnh
sao
Cp ng 500/segment
trc
bo topo dng bus
(d>10mm),
50W
Cp ng 185/segment
trc gy
topo dng bus
Cp quang
4000

Cp ng 1800/
topo
dng Bus
trc, 75W
Cp UTP
100/
topo
dng sao
Cp UTP
100/
topo
dng sao

Bng 2.3. Mt s loi cp in hnh

Ethernet theo chun IEEE 802.3 s dng ch truyn ng b vi

phng thc m ho Manchester. Bt 0 tng ng vi sn ln v 1 l sn
xung.
4.2. C ch giao tip
Vic ng dng rng ri Ethernet mt phn v tnh nng m. Ethernet
ch quy nh lp vt l v lp MAC, cho php cc h thng khc nhau tu
thc hin cc giao thc v dch v pha trn. Mt khc phng php truy
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Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

cp CSMA/CD cho php b xung v loi b cc thnh vin tham gia trong
mng d dng.
Cc thnh vin tham gia trong mng Ethernet u c vai tr bnh ng,
chng c mt a ch ring bit, thng nht. Vic giao tip gia cc trm
c thc hin thng qua cc giao thc pha trn (chng hn nh NetBUI,
IPX/SPX, TCP/IP). Tu theo giao thc c th m a ch ca bn gi v bn
nhn trong khung truyn lp pha trn s c dch sang a ch Ethernet
trc khi chuyn xung lp MAC.
Bn cnh giao tip tay i Ethernet cn h tr phng php gi ng
lot hoc gi ti nhiu ch.
4.3. Cu trc khung truyn
Khun dng khung truyn c th hin trn hnh sau:
Preamble SFD

DA

SA

Length

LLC data

PAD

FCS

Hnh 2.6. Cu trc khung truyn trong Ethernet IEEE 802.3

Trong :
Preamble (7 byte): l phn u dng thit lp s ng b, n l dy
bt lun phin 1 v 0 kt thc l 0
SFD (Start Frame Delimiter): l dy bt 10101011, ch s bt u
thc s ca khung truyn.
DA (Destination Address) 2 byte hoc 6 byte: a ch trm ch, c th
la chn thng nht a ch l 16 bt hoc 48 bit
SA (Source Address): a ch trm ngun, c chiu di tng ng vi
a ch ch
Length (2 byte): ch di ca phn LLC data
LLC data: n v d liu ca LLC
PAD: Phn d liu thm vo vi mc ch pht hin xung t
FCS (Frame Check Sequence): M kim tra li CRC 32 bt cho tt c
cc vng tr Preamble, SFD v FCS.
Khun dng ca vng a ch 16 bt v 48 bt c ch ra trn hnh sau:
I/G
15 bt a ch
I/G = 0, a ch ring bit
I/G = 1, a ch nhm
Hnh 2.7. Dng a ch 16 bit
I/G
U/L
46 bt a ch
U/L = 0, Globally Administrered Address

U/L =1, Locally Administrered Address

Hnh 2.8. Dng a ch 46 bit

Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN

32

Chng 2. Cac bus tiu biu cua h thng mang SIMATICNET

4.4.Fast Ethernet
L s pht trin tip theo ca Ethernet cho php truyn vi tc
100Mb/s. m bo tnh tng thch vi mng c, ton b c ch giao
tip v kin trc giao thc c gi nguyn, ch c thi gian bit c gim
t 100ns xung 10ns. Do phng php ni mng x dng cp i dy xon
v b chia c u th vt tri nn cc mng Fast Ethernet khng h tr cp
ng trc. Cc loi cp chun cho Fast Ethernet c trnh by trn bng
sau:
STT

1
2
3

K hiu

100BASE-T4
100BASE-TX
100BASE-FX

Loi cp

i dy xon hng 3
i dy xon hng 5
Cp quang

Chiu di ti a trong
on mng (m)

100
100
2000

Bng 2.4. Mt s loi cp thng dng dng trong Fast Ethernet

- Loi 100BASE-T4 x dng 4 i dy xon UTP hng 3. Di tn ca
cp ny b gii hn 25MHz, trong khi m Manchester s dng
trong Ethernet thng thng to tn s tn hiu cao gp i so vi tn
s nhp. t c tc truyn 100Mb/s, mt phng php m
ho bt vi tn hiu 3 mc thay v 2 mc c th hin y. ng
thi loi cp ny cng phi x dng ti 4 i dy xon (do c k
hiu l T4), trong mt i lun truyn tn hiu vo b chia, mt
i lun truyn ra v hai i c x dng linh hot theo chiu ang
truyn. Vi 3 i dy v 3 mc tn hiu, trong mt nhp c th truyn
c 4 bt, nng tc truyn ln 100Mb/s
- Vi loi 100BASE-TX, i dy xon hng 5 c x dng c kh
nng lm vic tn s nhp 125MHz v cao hn th. Vicj x dng 2
i dy xon cho php truyn 2 chiu ng thi. Khc vi loi cp
trn, mt phng php m ho bt 4B5B c x dng y. Dy bt
t khung MAC c m ho li thnh cc t hp 5 bit trn ng
truyn. Ch c 16 hoc 32 t hp biu din d liu, cc t hp cn li
c s dng cho nh du, iu khin v tn hiu phn cng

- Loi 100BASE-FX cho php truyn tn hiu 2 chiu s dng si

quang a modes, y l gii php thch hp cho cc ng dng i hi
khong cch truyn ln cng nh kh nng chng nhiu cao.
Nguyn Kim Anh & Nguyn Manh Ha - T ng hoa - BKN

33