Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Senior Welding Inspection: Fracture Assessments Course Reference WIS 10
Senior Welding Inspection: Fracture Assessments Course Reference WIS 10
Senior Welding Inspection: Fracture Assessments Course Reference WIS 10
SWI 3.2
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Surfaces
Introduction:
Fatigue and brittle fractures are the two most
important forms of service failure in welded
structures
Fatigue fractures account for more than 90% of all
service failures
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
SWI 3.2
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
Fatigue Fractures
SWI 3.2
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
SWI 3.2
Points of initiation
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
SWI 3.2
Ductile fracture
Beach Marks
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
Ductile Fracture
SWI 3.2
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Brittle Fracture
Features of brittle fractures:
Usually occurs without visible or audible warning
In certain cases bright crystalline appearance
In certain cases a chevron pattern appearance, the
chevron pattern points back to the point of
initiation
Little if no reduction in area
Little if no evidence off shear lips
May be a straight brittle fracture or secondary
mode of failure
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
Brittle Fracture
SWI 3.2
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
Brittle Fracture
SWI 3.2
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
Brittle Fracture
SWI 3.2
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Assessments
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Assessments
You are required
Sketch the fracture surface.
Indicate the fracture initiation points (if known)
Show any defects present
Identify the primary mode of failure
Identify the secondary mode of failure
State whether failure occurred in the weld, parent
material or both (if known)
Write a conclusion to summarize your findings,
providing reasons and evidence
Sign and date your report
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
FractureSample 1
Ductile
Fracture
A. Initiation point
B. Initiation point
C. Initiation point
D. Initiation point
E. Initiation point
F. Initiation point
G. Initiation point
TECHNOLOGY
B
E
G
H
H
G
A
B
SWI 3.2
A. Shear lips
B. Initiation points/weld
toe undercut
C. Weld spatter
D. Fatigue fracture surface
E. Ductile fracture surface
F. Weld undercut
G. Poor weld craters
H. Possible beach marks
Date: 13/06/03
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample 2
SWI 3.2
Ductile Fracture
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
D
H
B
Date: 13/06/03
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample 3
Ductile
Fracture
A. Slag inclusion
B. Slag inclusion
C. Slag inclusion
D. Shear lip
E.
Slag inclusion
F.
Shear lip
G. Fatigue fracture
H. Ductile fracture
Note: Reduction in area
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
F
D
C
SWI 3.2
A. Fatigue fracture
surface
B. Shear lips
C. Reduced area
D. Ductile fracture surface
E. Weld defects (slag
inclusions)
F. Beach markings
Date: 13/06/03
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample 4
Ductile
Fracture
A.
Gas pore/initiation
point
B.
Beach mark
C.
Ductile fracture
D.
Fatigue fracture
E.
Shear lip
F.
Shear lip
G.
Shear lip
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
SWI 3.2
A. Gas pore
B. Beach mark
Date: 13/06/03
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample 5
Brittle
Fracture
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
SWI 3.2
Date: 13/06/03
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample 6
SWI 3.2
Brittle Fracture
Note: Patterned/chevron fracture surface - Brittle
fracture.
Note: Small shear lips along both plate surfaces.
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
B. Brittle fracture
surface/chevron pattern
C. Initiation point
A
DIRECTION OF PROPERGATION
Date: 13/06/03
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample 7
SWI 3.2
A.
B.
C. Brittle fracture
Note: Very little reduction in area
and no evidence of shear lips
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Conclusion: The CTOD sample failed from a purposely initiated fatigue crack
The primary mode of failure is a fatigue fracture (B) this is evident by the smooth fracture
surface, which initiated from a machined notch (A). The secondary mode of failure is a
brittle fracture (C) this is evident by the crystalline fracture surface with very little
evidence of plastic deformation (very little reduction in area) and no evidence of shear lips
Name: Mark Rogers
Date: 13/06/03
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample 8
SWI 3.2
A.
B.
M.S.Rogers
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Conclusion: The CTOD sample failed from a purposely initiated fatigue crack
The primary mode of failure is a fatigue fracture (B) this is evident by the smooth fracture
surface, which initiated from a machined notch (A). The secondary mode of failure is a
ductile fracture (D) this is evident by the fibrous appearance of the fracture surface with
evidence of plastic deformation, a large reduction in area and shear lips (C).
Name: Mark Rogers
Date: 13/06/03
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample 9
SWI 3.2
D
A
G
F
B
Ductile / Brittle
Fracture
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F. Ductile fracture
Cracks / forging bursts.
G. Brittle fracture
Cracks / forging bursts.
Cracks / forging bursts
Initiation point / threat tip
Fatigue fracture
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
A
E
B
SWI 3.2
A. Cracks/forging bursts
B. Fatigue fracture surface
C. Ductile fracture surface
D. Brittle fracture surface
E. Initiation point
A
A
Date: 13/06/03
TECHNOLOGY
Fracture Sample
10
F
C
Ductile Fracture
D
B
SWI 3.2
M.S.Rogers
TECHNOLOGY
SWI 3.2
Date: 13/06/03
SWI 3.2
TECHNOLOGY
Any Questions
M.S.Rogers