OXYGEN DELIVERY DEVICE FOR PEDIATRIC AND NEONATES

LOW-FLOW SYSTEMS
Delivers 100% oxygen at flows less than the patient's inspiratory demand.
FIO2 will vary with patient's respiratory rate, VT, and VE.
If inspiratory demand > flow available, then room air is entrained, total patient demand may not be met,
making FIO2 highly variable
Liter Flow1

Oxygen
Delivered1

Nasal Cannula

0.1-6 LPM

21-50%

Often delivered with O2 blender to limit FIO2

Higher flow cannulas may have CPAP-like
effect in Neonates (obligate nose-breathers) See High Flow Therapy below

Simple Mask

5-8 LPM

40-50%

Children may be fearful of mask

Good for short-term (OR) delivery

Partial Rebreather

6-10 LPM

55-70%

High FIO2 concerns

Reservoir should be sufficient to keep from
deflating

Delivery System

Notes

Click on each device

for
more detailed info

Nonrebreather

10+ LPM

70-100%

Reservoir should be > 1/3 - 1/2 full upon

inspiration
DO NOT WEAN FLOW TO WEAN FIO2

Aerosol Mask
(Face Tent or Trach Mask)

8-12 LPM

28-100%

High FIO2 can be delivered

Can control gas temperature

ET Tube via T-Piece, CPAP,

Ventilator

3x VE

21-100%

ET Tube easily occludes with secretions

Drowning if condensation enters tube

HIGH-FLOW SYSTEMS
High air flow with oxygen enrichment (HAFOE), which may meet the total demand of the patient (should be 60+
LPM)

Delivery
System

Liter
Flow1

Oxygen
Delivered1

Notes

Air
Entrainment
Mask

Variable

24-50%

Air entrainment ports may occlude

Hood or
Head Tent

7-12
LPM

21-100%

Primarily for immobile children

Usually on O2 blender

High-Flow
Therapy
Systems

Neo:
1-8 LPM

21-100%

Used to treat moderate levels of hypoxemic

respiratory failure
An alternative delivery interface where
hypoxemia or dyspnea is not corrected with lowflow cannula, air-entrainment, or NRB masks.
Provides independent adjustment of FIO2 and flow
(allows flexibility to match the needs and
inspiratory flow demands of tacypneic, acutely ill
patients)

(Venturi)

Includes
ratios

Ped:
8-20
LPM

Adult:
8-40
LPM

Flow can be titrated based on response over a

full range without having to change to other
devices
Provides improved comfort and greater
tolerance, compared to face masks
May create a CPAP-like effect in neonates
There are safety concerns for developing
unintended high airway pressure

Use with specially designed nasal cannula